Also in order to support the increased weight on each vertebra in the upright position the human vertebral column became S-shaped and the lumbar vertebrae became shorter and wider.

Most commonly, the nerve root between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae or between the fifth lumbar vertebra and first sacral segment are impinged.

The relaxation of the spinal erectors which allows the lower back to round can cause shearing in the vertebrae of the lumbar spine, potentially damaging the spinal discs.

In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes.

Dural ectasia that has progressed to the point of causing these symptoms would appear in an upright MRI image as a dilated pouch wearing away at the lumbar vertebrae.

Evidence of the potential of lap belts to cause separation of the lumbar vertebrae and the sometimes associated paralysis, or " seat belt syndrome ", led to progressive revision of passenger safety regulations in nearly all developed countries to require 3-point belts first in all outboard seating positions and eventually in all seating positions in passenger vehicles.

In the dog the ileal orifice is located at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra, in the ox in the level of the fourth lumbar vertebrae, in the sheep and goat at the level of the caudal point of the costal arch.

The lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae are the areas of the spine most often affected.

Myelomeningocele in the lumbar area ( 1 ) External sac with cerebrospinal fluid ( 2 ) Spinal cord wedged between the vertebrae

This shunt is usually inserted in between two of the vertebrae in the lumbar and punctures the cerebrospinal fluid sack or lumbar subarachnoid space, it then runs beneath the skin to the peritoneal cavity, where it is eventually drained away by the normal bodily fluid drainage system.

These are the general characteristics of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae.

As with other vertebrae, each lumbar vertebra consists of a vertebral body and a vertebral arch.

They are horizontal in the upper three lumbar vertebrae and incline a little upward in the lower two.

Three portions or tubercles can be noticed in a transverse process of a lower lumbar vertebrae: the lateral or costiform process, the mammillary process, and the accessory process.

Some individuals have four lumbar vertebrae, while others have six.

The upper three regions comprise the remaining 24, and are grouped under the names cervical ( 7 vertebrae ), thoracic ( 12 vertebrae ) and lumbar ( 5 vertebrae ), according to the regions they occupy.

The term thoracolumbar is sometimes used to refer to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae together, and sometimes also their surrounding areas.

The discs between these vertebrae create a lumbar lordosis ( curvature that is concave posteriorly ) in the human spine.

The term lumbosacral is often used to refer to the lumbar and sacral vertebrae together, and sometimes also their surrounding areas.

However, in 2004, Maher concluded that " Physical treatments, such as acupuncture, backschool, hydrotherapy, lumbar supports, magnets, TENS, traction, ultrasound, Pilates therapy, Feldenkrais therapy, Alexander technique, and craniosacral therapy are either of unknown value or ineffective and so should not be considered " when treating lower back pain with an evidence-based approach.

In general, globular proteins and albumin are in lower concentration in ventricular CSF compared to lumbar or cisternal fluid.

Manual therapies commonly used by chiropractors are effective for the treatment of low back pain, and might also be effective for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy, neck pain, some forms of headache, and some extremity joint conditions.

In humans, there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal.

The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie in the abdomen, retroperitoneal to the organs of digestion, around or just below the ribcage and close to the lumbar spine.

The four primary nerve plexi are the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and the sacral plexus.

The general rules of progression are larger curves carry a higher risk of progression than smaller curves, and thoracic and double primary curves carry a higher risk of progression than single lumbar or thoracolumbar curves.

There are 23 discs in the human spine: 6 in the neck ( cervical region ), 12 in the middle back ( thoracic region ), and 5 in the lower back ( lumbar region ).

The thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves are then numbered by the vertebra above.

At the base of the Cauda Equina, there are approximately 10 fiber pairs, 3-5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and the single coccygeal nerve.

In the upper lumbar region the lamina are taller than wide but in the lower lumbar vertebra the lamina are wider than tall.

Viewed laterally the vertebral column presents several curves, which correspond to the different regions of the column, and are called cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic.

In human anatomy the five vertebrae in the lumbar region of the back are the largest and strongest in the movable part of the spinal column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body.

In between each lumbar vertebra a nerve root exits, and these nerve roots come together again to form the largest single nerve in the human body, the sciatic nerve.

Two segments of the vertebral column, namely cervical and lumbar, are normally lordotic, that is, they are set in a curve that has its convexity anteriorly ( the front ) and concavity posteriorly ( behind ), in the context of human anatomy.

On the medial side of the Wolffian duct, from the sixth cervical to the third lumbar segments, a series of tubules, the Wolffian tubules, develops.

The lateral horn is only present in certain segments of the spinal cord ( cervical and superior lumbar segments ), where it contains neurons innervating limb muscles, preganglionic cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system, and sensory relay neurons.

The cerebellar nuclei receive afferent projections from the inferior olive, lateral reticular nucleus, upper cervical and lumbar spinal segments, and the Pontine nuclei.

The vertebral column consists of an atlas ( composed of two vertebrae ) without ribs ; numerous precaudal vertebrae, all of which, except the first or first three, bear long, movable, curved ribs with a small posterior tubercle at the base, the last of these ribs sometimes forked ; two to ten so-called lumbar vertebrae without ribs, but with bifurcate transverse processes ( lymphapophyses ) enclosing the lymphatic vessels ; and a number of ribless caudal vertebrae with simple transverse processes.

Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx ( tailbone ).

The mammillary is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process.

More posteriorly are the intervertebral foramina, formed by the juxtaposition of the vertebral notches, oval in shape, smallest in the cervical and upper part of the thoracic regions, and gradually increasing in size to the last lumbar.

Young infants commonly require lumbar puncture as a part of the routine workup for fever without a source, as they have a much higher risk of meningitis than older persons and do not reliably show signs of meningeal irritation ( meningismus ).

The erector spinae attachment to posterior part of the iliac crest is sometimes indicated by grooves in the lumbar regions.

A common type of laminectomy is performed to permit the removal or reshaping of a spinal disc as part of a lumbar discectomy.

In human anatomy, the genitofemoral nerve ( sometimes called the genitocrural ) originates from the upper part of the lumbar plexus of spinal nerves.

In humans, they are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions ; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region.

Flatback syndrome is a problem that develops in some patients treated with Harrington rod instrumentation, where the rod extends down into lower part of the lumbar spine.

The upper part of the sacrum is connected to the final lumbar vertebra ( L5 ), and to the bottom of the coccyx ( tailbone ).

The deep part originates from the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae I-V.

The superficial part originates from the lateral surfaces of the last thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebrae I-IV, and from neighboring invertebral discs.