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The macron is used in the orthography of a number of vernacular languages of the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, particularly those which were first transcribed by Anglican missionaries.
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macron and is
Where there is ambiguity, long and short alpha are sometimes written with a macron and breve today: Ᾱᾱ, Ᾰᾰ.
:* Hawaiian uses the kahakô ( macron ) over vowels, although there is some disagreement over considering them as individual letters.
A macron, from the Greek ( makrón ), meaning " long ", is a diacritic placed above a vowel ( and, more rarely, under or above a consonant ).
In the International Phonetic Alphabet the macron is used to indicate mid tone ; the sign for a long vowel is a modified triangular colon ⟨⟩.
In Greco-Roman metrics and in the description of the metrics of other literatures, the macron was introduced and is still widely used to mark a long ( heavy ) syllable.
* Some modern dictionaries and coursebooks of classical Greek and Latin, where the macron is sometimes used in conjunction with the breve.
The macron is called kahakō, and it indicates vowel length, which changes meaning and the placement of stress.
The use of the macron is widespread in modern Māori, although sometimes the trema mark is used instead ( for example, " Mäori " instead of " Māori ") if the macron is not available for technical reasons.
The alternative to the macron is the number 1 after the syllable ( for example, tā = ta1 ).
The macron has no unique value, and is simply used to distinguish between two different phonemes.
Thus, in several languages of the Banks Islands, including Mwotlap, the simple m stands for, but an m with a macron ( m ̄) is a labial-velar nasal ; while the simple n stands for the common alveolar nasal, an n with macron ( n ̄) represents the velar nasal ; the vowel ē stands for a ( short ) higher by contrast with plain e ; likewise ō contrasts with plain o.
In Kokota, ḡ is used for the velar stop, but g without macron is the voiced velar fricative.
* In the German Kurrent handwriting, a macron is used on some consonants, especially n and m, as a shortform for a double consonant ( for example, n ̄ instead of nn ).
* In some Finnish and Swedish comic books that are hand-lettered, or in handwriting, the macron is used instead of ä or ö, sometimes known colloquially as a " lazy man's umlaut ".
* In Russian cursive, as well as in some others based on the Cyrillic script ( for example, Macedonian ), a lowercase Т looks like a lowercase m, and a macron is often used to distinguish it from Ш, which looks like a lowercase w ( see Т ).
The overline is a typographical symbol similar to the macron, used in a number of ways in mathematics and science.
macron and used
Many textbooks about Ancient Rome and Greece use the macron even if it was not actually used at that time.
When writing Common Eldarin forms, Tolkien often used the macron to indicate long vowels.
The macron has become the generally accepted device for marking long vowels ( hāngi ), but double vowel letters have also been used ( haangi ).
Variant pi or " pomega " ( or ϖ ) is a glyph variant of lower case pi sometimes used in technical contexts as though it were a lower-case omega with a macron, though historically it is simply a cursive form of pi, with its legs bent inward to meet.
Other languages used the macron over an " n " or " m " to indicate simple doubling.
The central plot device is the " macroscope ", a large crystal that can be used to focus a newly discovered type of particle, the " macron ".
*: Cyrillic letter U with macron, used in Tajik
The spelling with the macron is increasingly used in English, although the official name of the island currently omits it.
Just like the Latin letters I / i ( and J / j ), the dot above the letter only appears in its lowercase form, and only if that letter is not combined with a diacritic above it ( notably the diaeresis used in Ukrainian to note the letter yi of its alphabet, and the macron ).
Ā, lowercase ā, is a grapheme, a Latin A with a macron, is used in several orthographies.
Initially, the title used was Minister of Native Affairs, but the title was changed to Minister of Maori Affairs on 17 December 1947 and then to Minister of Māori Affairs with the insertion of the macron in modern orthography under the Māori Language Commission.
macron and languages
The following languages or transliteration systems use the macron to mark long vowels:
The following languages or alphabets use the macron to mark tones:
macron and which
The breve sign indicates a short vowel, as opposed to the macron ¯ which indicates long vowels, in academic transcription.
macron and were
Long vowels were indicated by a macron below them, though the umlaut was still above.
For instance, long vowels were marked with an accent diacritic in the original version, but this was later replaced in the 1954 Government of India update with a macron.
macron and first
In Hanyu Pinyin, the four tones of Mandarin Chinese are denoted by the macron ( first tone ), acute ( second tone ), caron ( third tone ) and grave ( fourth tone ) diacritics.
macron and by
Vowel length is indicated by a macron ( ā ) or a breve ( ă ) for long and short vowels, respectively.
As noted above, it has recently become standard in Māori spelling to indicate a long vowel by a macron.
Vowel length in old or dialectal pronunciation is indicated by a macron.
Vowel length in old or dialectal pronunciation is indicated by a macron.
" Abbreviations are often indicated by a colon, as in 18th-century handwriting, for example " Sen: Co: Prae :" ( Senior Commoner Prefect ), or else by a macron, for example " mathmā " and " examinā ".
The script has some unique ways to signify abbreviations and contractions – like most other Latin scripts, missing letters can be signified by a macron over the previous letter, although Beneventan often adds a dot to the macron.
macron and .
In general usage, where letters appear with the caron ( č, š and ž ) they are considered as separate letters from c, s or z and collated separately ; letters with the ogonek ( ą, ę, į and ų ), the macron ( ū ) and the superdot ( ė ) are considered as separate letters as well, but not given a unique collation order.
The Hepburn romanization system uses a macron to mark long vowels, and the Kunrei-shiki and Nihon-shiki systems use a circumflex.
Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel ( a macron ) in rōmaji, or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in Japanese.
* Slavicists use the macron to indicate a non-tonic long vowel, or a non-tonic syllabic liquid, such as on l, lj, m, n, nj, and r. Languages with this feature include standard and jargon varieties of Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene, Bulgarian.
The Māori words for macron are pōtae (" hat ") or tohutō.
* In the International Phonetic Alphabet, a macron over a vowel indicates a mid-level tone.
* In Old English texts a macron above a letter indicates the omission of an m or n that would normally follow that letter.
* In older handwriting such as the German Kurrentschrift, the macron over an a-e-i-o-u or ä-ö-ü stood for an n, or over an m or an n meant that the letter was doubled.
Over a u at the end of a word, the macron indicated um as a form of scribal abbreviation.
* In modernized Hepburn romanization of Japanese, an n with macron represents a syllabic n.
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