A magnetic sail or magsail is a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion which would use a static magnetic field to deflect charged particles radiated by the Sun as a plasma wind, and thus impart momentum to accelerate the spacecraft.

A magnetic sail could also thrust directly against planetary and solar magnetospheres.

The magnetic sail introduces a magnetic field into this plasma flow, perpendicular to the motion of the charged particles, which can deflect the particles from their original trajectory: the momentum of the particles is then transferred to the sail, leading to a thrust on the sail.

In typical magnetic sail designs, the magnetic field is generated by a loop of superconducting wire.

Because loops of current-carrying conductors tend to be forced outwards towards a circular shape by their own magnetic field, the sail could be deployed simply by unspooling the conductor and applying a current through it.

Zubrin's proposed magnetic sail design would create a bubble of space of where solar-wind ions are substantially deflected using a hoop in radius.

Therefore, a magnetic sail must deflect a proportionally larger area of the solar wind than a comparable solar sail to generate the same amount of thrust.

However, it need not be as massive as a solar sail because the solar wind is deflected by a magnetic field instead of a large physical sail.

This gives a mass / thrust ratio of at least 700 kg / N, similar to a magnetic sail, neglecting other structural components.

When close to a planet with a strong magnetosphere such as Earth or a gas giant, the magnetic sail could generate more thrust by interacting with the magnetosphere instead of the solar wind, and may therefore be more efficient.

In order to reduce the size and weight of the magnet of the magnetic sail, it may be possible to inflate the magnetic field using a plasma in the same way that the plasma around the Earth stretches out the Earth's magnetic field in the magnetosphere.

However, this technique is less well understood than the simpler magnetic sail and issues of how large and heavy the magnetic coil would have to be or whether the momentum from the solar wind can be efficiently transferred to the spacecraft are under dispute.

A magnetic sail in a wind of charged particles.

) provided the first evidence for the neural bases of altruistic giving in normal healthy volunteers, using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

In 1949, the company developed magnetic recording tape and in 1950, sold the first tape recorder in Japan.

His research also involved the study of auroral phenomena, which he conducted with his assistant Olof Hiorter, and he was the first to suggest a connection between the aurora borealis and changes in the magnetic field of the Earth.

In 1951 he invented and tested the first explosively pumped flux compression generators, compressing magnetic fields by explosives.

The relation between electric current, magnetic fields and physical forces was first noted by Hans Christian Ørsted who, in 1820, observed a compass needle was deflected from pointing North when a current flowed in an adjacent wire.

The first attempt at a microscopic description of magnetism was by Wilhelm Lenz and Ernst Ising through the Ising model that described magnetic materials as consisting of a periodic lattice of quantum spins that collectively acquired magnetization.

The first programmable pocket calculator was the HP-65, in 1974 ; it had a capacity of 100 instructions, and could store and retrieve programs with a built-in magnetic card reader.

Also, this study was the first Functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) study to be done involving GC's and more research is necessary to support these findings.

Diamagnets were first discovered when Sebald Justinus Brugmans observed in 1778 that bismuth and antimony were repelled by magnetic fields.

The Nova 4 / Eclipse S / 140 was based on four AMD 2901 bit-slice ALUs, with microcode in read-only memory, and was the first Nova designed for DRAM main memory only, without provision for magnetic core memory.

The first models were available with 8K words of magnetic core memory as an option, one that practically everyone had to buy, bringing the system cost up to $ 7, 995.

Based on data from marine magnetic profiles, a pulse of unusually rapid plate motion begins at the same time as the first pulse of Deccan flood basalts, which is dated at 67 Myr ago.

The word is a compound from two Greek terms, ἢλεκτρον, ēlektron, " amber " ( as electrostatic phenomena were first described as properties of amber by the philosopher Thales ), and μαγνήτης, magnētēs, " magnet " ( the magnetic stones found in antiquity in the vicinity of the Greek city of Magnesia, in Lydia, Asia Minor ).

The first one views the electric and magnetic fields as three-dimensional vector fields.

He designed the first instruments used in satellites to measure cosmic radiation and ozone, and in 1951 or 1952 designed the MOUSE (" Minimal Orbital Unmanned Satellite, Earth "), a proposed satellite that would contain Geiger counters for measuring cosmic rays, photo cells for scanning the Earth, telemetry electronics for sending data back to Earth, a magnetic data storage device, and rudimentary solar energy cells.

Among the first investigations of ferromagnetism are the pioneering works of Aleksandr Stoletov on measurement of the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetics, known as the Stoletov curve.

The first successful magnetic pickup for a guitar was invented by George Beauchamp, and incorporated into the 1931 Ro-Pat-In ( later Rickenbacker ) " Frying Pan " lap steel ; other manufacturers, notably Gibson, soon began to install pickups in archtop models.

Notable are the Z11, which was sold to the optics industry and to universities, and the Z22, the first computer with a memory based on magnetic storage.

This was first done by wrapping the conductors with a helical wrapping of metal tape or wire of high magnetic permeability, which confined the magnetic field.

The real and serious android of the ancients was a secret which they kept hidden from all eyes, and Mesmer was the first who dared to divulge it ; it was the extension of the will of the magus into another body, organised and served by an elementary spirit ; in more modern and intelligible terms, it was a magnetic subject.

In 1973, Lauterbur published the first nuclear magnetic resonance image.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a relatively new technology first developed at the University of Nottingham, England.

While researching the analytical properties of magnetic resonance, Damadian created the world's first magnetic resonance imaging machine in 1972.

This was the first indication that sunspots were basically magnetic phenomena, which appeared in pairs that corresponded with two magnetic poles of opposite polarity.

Later they appeared in electrodynamics, when describing the motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields.

Kristian Birkeland was a Norwegian physicist who, around 1895, tried to explain why the lights of the polar aurora appeared only in regions centered at the magnetic poles.

In magnetic resonance images of his brain before and after treatment with zolpidem, the damaged brain regions, which appeared black and dead before treatment, began to light up with neural activity afterwards.

He was involved in creating a self-stable magnetic levitation system called Magnetic river which appeared in the film The Spy Who Loved Me where it levitated and propelled a tray along a table to decapitate a seated dummy.

Although electromagnetic, its resemblance to later magnetic cartridges is remote: it contained a bulky horseshoe magnet and employed the same imprecisely mass-produced single-use steel needles which had been standard since the first crude disc record players appeared in the 1890s.

However, during the 1950s, a new generation of small, lightweight, highly compliant magnetic cartridges appeared and quickly found favor among high-fidelity enthusiasts because of their audibly superior performance.

The station wagon transporting magnetic tapes is the canonical version, but variants using trucks or Boeing 747s and later storage technologies such as CD-ROMs have frequently appeared.

The first European accounts of the island come from Captain James Cook who, in 1770, while navigating the Australian coast, called the island Magnetical Island, as a magnetic pull interfering with his vessel's compass appeared to emanate from the island.

Only when data was plotted on a map did it become apparent that remarkably regular and continuous magnetic stripes appeared on the ocean floors.

Windcharger appeared sparingly in the US Marvel Comic, but his magnetic powers were a recurrent theme in the early UK-only stories.

Larmor precession is appeared with z-direction magnetic field and only decay in 2. 2 µs.

He rediscovered, using simple magnetic field measure instruments, that when the aurora appeared the needles of magnetometers changed direction, confirming the findings of Anders Celsius and assistant Olof Hjorter more than a century before.

When observed from 1997 through 2000, the primary star appeared to be transitioning from a maunder minimum state to a state of cycling magnetic activity.