In North America, the early Carboniferous is largely marine limestone, which accounts for the division of the Carboniferous into two periods in North American schemes.

The islands are formed of marine limestone and dolostone that was uplifted during the late Miocene epoch.

The Cretaceous was named for the extensive chalk deposits of this age in Europe, but in many parts of the world, the Cretaceous system consists for a major part of marine limestone, a rock type that is formed under warm, shallow marine circumstances.

In southern Europe, the Cretaceous is usually a marine system consisting of competent limestone beds or incompetent marls.

Most grains in limestone are skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera.

The primary source of the calcite in limestone is most commonly marine organisms.

Although the volcanic base of Bermuda is igneous, it is covered by a limestone cap, formed by calcium-secreting marine organisms.

The limestone of the area was formed from coral and marine creatures 200 million years ago and again 20 million years ago when the land was below sea level.

This assemblage consists of deep marine sediments ( chert, limestone, clastic sediments ), volcanic rocks ( pillow basalts, glass, ash, sheeted dykes and layered gabbros ) and peridotite ( mantle rock ).

Due to the frequent occurrence of marine coralline algea in the Wetterstein limestone it can be deduced that this rock was at one time formed in a lagoon.

The limestone was deposited over millions of years as marine fossils decomposed at the bottom of a shallow inland sea which covered most of the present-day Midwestern United States during the Mississippian Period.

Visible marine fossils are mainly found in the limestone, no occurrences of precious stones or ore deposits are known.

This plaque states that they are eroded formations of a type of marine limestone that sits on top of hardened clay.

The territory of Brindisi is characterized by a wide flat area from which emerge sub deposits of limestone and sand of marine origin, which in turn have a deeper level clay of the Pleistocene era, and an even later Mesozoic carbonate composed of limestone and soils.

The area of Lagos, conforms to the Middle Miocene Lagos-Portimão formation ( a band that extends along the coast from Lagos to Albufeira, abutting the Serra do Caldeirão to the north ) and which corresponds to marine sedimentation over relatively stable, but a minorly deformed limestone shelf platform.

At Closeburn and Barjarg there are beds of marine limestone, associated with sandstones and shales which probably represent marine bands in the Carboniferous Limestone series.

Many indications of glacial action exist in the form of striated surfaces in Kirkwall Bay, with boulder clay with marine shells, and many boulders of rocks foreign to the islands made of chalk, oolitic limestone, flint, & c. Local moraines are found in some of the valleys.

Subsequent erosion removed softer rocks, such as mudstone ( rock formed by consolidated mud ) and siltstone ( a slightly coarser-grained mudstone ) while leaving harder rocks, such as limestone ( calcium-rich rock consisting of the remains of marine organisms ) and dolomite ( rocks similar to limestone containing calcium and magnesium ).

They contain some limestone rocks showing abundant marine fossils.

Small marine fossils can be found in the Madison Group limestone that makes up the steep, narrow section of the Jefferson River canyon.

Small marine fossils can be found in the Madison Group limestone that makes up the steep, narrow section of the Jefferson River canyon today.

The underlying geology of the Santa Cruz Mountains was also formed by the sediment of the ancient seas, where marine shale points to Miocene origin.

Furthermore, while the treaty ended attacks upon Spanish sea trade, English privateering had already devastated the Spanish private merchant marine beyond recovery, and the treaty sidestepped the underlying problem of Spain's colonial monopoly, which it had proved unable to enforce.

As a result, this specific date is only an apparent date that completely lacks any scientific value for interpreting the age of marine limestone underlying the Bimini Road.

Therefore, it is physically impossible for the marine limestone underlying the Bimini Road to have accumulated around 15, 000 BP.

There are four criteria distinguishing incised valley fills from other types of multi-story sandstone deposits: a widespread correlation with a regional, high relief erosional surface that is more widespread than the erosional bases of individual channels within the valley ; facies associations reflect a basinward shift in facies when compared with underlying units ; erosional base of the valley removes preceding systems tracts and marine bands producing a time gap, the removed units will be preserved beneath the interfluves ; increasing channel fill and fine grained units upwards or changes in the character of the fluvial systems reflecting increasing accommodation space.

The underlying bedrock is of the Lias Group, a mixture of mudstones, marine limestones, sandstones and clays.

It is now some of the richest agricultural silt ( marine ) and black ( freshwater ) land in England, though the oxidation of the humus of the black soil has progressively exposed more of the clay derived from the underlying former salt marsh.

The first species recognized from outside the Niobrara chalk, Hesperornis altus, lived about 78 million years ago in Montana, and is known from a partial lower leg from the base of the freshwater Judith River Formation ( or, possibly, the top of the underlying, marine Claggett Shale formation ).

The terrain is generally low, and the vegetation varies with the underlying geology, which consists mostly of recent alluvial, aeolian, and marine sediments over cretaceous strata.

In May 2008 marine conservationist Jean-Michel Cousteau criticized Bimini Bay Resort, calling it a " catastrophe " and announcing, " allowing Bimini Bay to continue with phase II would certainly strip this island paradise of its precious natural riches.

After Valentine, the Bimini Road has been visited and examined by geologists, avocational archaeologists, professional archaeologists, anthropologists, marine engineers, innumerable divers, and many other people.

These include direct radiocarbon dating of the stones composing the Bimini Road and Uranium-thorium dating of the marine limestone on which the Bimini Road lies.

Gifford and Ball attempted to establish a minimum age using uranium-thorium dating for the Bimini Road by dating a whole-rock sample of the marine limestone ( biopelsparite ) that underlies the beachrock that composes the Bimini Road.

They described this sample as being " Whole rock marine limestone under beachrock off Paradise Point, North Bimini ; some recrystallization.

Others who consider the Bimini undersea formation to be man-made, as opposed to natural beachrock, are Joseph Manson Valentine, zoologist ; Charles Berlitz, linguist ; Greg Little, psychologist ; R. Cedric Leonard, anthropologist ; and Dimitri Rebikoff, French marine engineer.

Poricy Creek ( Poricy Park, Oak Hill Road ) is locally well known for its deposits of Cretaceous marine fossils, including belemnites.

The Marine Institute is a marine polytechnic institution located on Ridge Road in St. John's within Pippy Park, north of the city.

Hakuba was once part of the route called the Salt Road used to bring salt and other marine products from the coast.

One of the largest marine scrapyards on the East Coast, the Witte Marine Scrapyard is located at 2453 Arthur Kill Road in Rossville.

In 2004 a new calibration curve INTCAL04 was internationally ratified for calibrated dates back to 26, 000 Before Present ( BP ) based on an agreed worldwide data set of trees and marine sediments.

The program grew over the years in student and faculty size and in 1975 found its home in a building at UCSB that dates from when the campus was a World War II marine base.

Peruvian archaeologist Mercédes Cárdenas, of the Riva Agüero Institute, excavated at Acaray, among other coastal sites, as part of a larger project to understand the use of marine resources in the past on the Peruvian coast and to obtain radiocarbon dates.

Although marine insurance dates from the Middle Ages, British shipowners did not feel the need to purchase liability insurance until the 19th century when injured crew members began to seek compensation from their employers, and the Fatal Accidents Act 1846 facilitated claims by passengers or their survivors.