At the death of the third marquess, no one could prove a claim to the peerages of either earldoms and therefore they became dormant.

According to Tui ' en Ling ( 推恩令, Order to Expand Favours ), Liu Buhai could become a marquess if Liu An carved a part of Huainan for him as his fief, but Liu An never did so.

In 3 BC, Emperor Ai became intent on creating Dong a marquess, but could find no good excuse to do it.

Emperor Jin Mudi spares his life and makes him an marquess.

The Shangguans, in thanks to Ding for his role in setting up the marriage between Empress Shangguan and Emperor Zhao, wanted to have him created a marquess, but were rebuffed by Huo, as were their subsequent efforts to have Ding made an important official.

With Ma dead and unable to defend himself, Emperor Guangwu stripped Ma of his marquess title and denounced him posthumously.

In 1803, Pius VII made him marquess of Romavecchia e Turrita and the first prince of Civitella Cesi.

In the previous year he had married Lady Susan Hay, daughter of the marquess of Tweeddale, whose companionship was his chief support in India, and whose death in 1853 left him a heartbroken man.

In May 1407 the citizens of Rocca Contrada gave him the seigniory of the town, in exchange for his support in combatting the marquess of Fermo.

His most important work is the group of the three grandsons of Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montague with their servant, now belonging to the marquess of Exeter ; and there are fine miniatures by him at Welbeck Abbey, Montagu House, Sherborne Castle, Minley Manor, Belvoir Castle and in the private collection of Queen Wilhelmina.

Empress Chen became exceedingly jealous of Wei Zifu, and Empress Chen's mother, Princess Liu Piao ( 劉嫖 ) tried to take vengeance by kidnapping Wei's younger brother Wei Qing, who was then a servant at a marquess ' household, and she considered killing him.

Guglielmo ) ( c. 1115 – 1191 ), also known as William the Old to distinguish him from his eldest son, William Longsword, was marquess of Montferrat from c. 1136 to his death in 1191.

) When royalist forces took Oxford, they removed Pembroke, installing the marquess of Hertford in his place, but, after Parliament took Oxford, it had Pembroke re-installed as chancellor in 1647 and ordered him to reform the university.

The Shangguans, in thanks to Ding for his role in setting up the marriage between Empress Shangguan and Emperor Zhao, wanted to have him created a marquess, but were rebuffed by Huo, as were their subsequent efforts to have Ding made an important official.

It was at the house of Lord Shelburne, now 1st marquess of Lansdowne, where he was treated as a friend or rather member of the family, that he became acquainted with many illustrious men, amongst others Fox, Sheridan, Lord Holland and Sir Samuel Romilly.

The complete pre-Pius X Roman Breviary was translated into English ( by the marquess of Bute in 1879 ; new ed.

Formerly the piece was called the castle, tower, marquess, rector, and comes.

During this term, Katsura received the Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George from King Edward of Great Britain, and was elevated to the rank of marquess by Emperor Meiji.

The new marquess saw it as an insult — an insubstantial title that was inadequate recognition for his years of faithful service.

A short period of resurgence occurred under the local noble Leonardo Alagon, marquess of Oristano, who managed to defeat the viceroyal army in the 1470s but was later crushed at the Battle of Macomer ( 1478 ), ending any further hope of independence for the island.

In times past, the distinction between a Count and a marquess was that a marquess's land, called a march, was on the border of the country, while a count's land, called a county, often wasn't.

Because of this, a marquess was trusted to defend and fortify against potentially hostile neighbors and was thus more important and ranked higher than a count.

* in ancient China, 侯 ( hóu ) was the second of five noble ranks created by King Wu of Zhou and is generally translated as marquess or marquis.

In the Joseon dynasty, there was no title equivalent to marquess.

The 9th marquess was educated at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, London, becoming a midshipman at the age of twelve and a lieutenant in the navy at fifteen.

' Lady Margaret Thatcher ' would denote that she was the daughter of an earl, marquess or duke.

She became the second wife of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1645, when he was a marquess.

Grappelli was born in Paris, France, to Italian / French parents: his Italian father, marquess Ernesto Grappelli, was born in Alatri, Lazio.

The title of " king " ( wang, 王 ) was held by figurehead rulers of the Zhou Dynasty, while the rulers of most states held the title of " duke " ( gong, 公 ) or " marquess " ( hou, 侯 ).

On the outbreak of the Civil War Holles, who had been made lieutenant of Bristol, was sent with Bedford to the west against the marquess of Hertford, and took part in the unsuccessful siege of the latter at Sherborne Castle.

It again became extinct more than once afterwards, but was on each occasion revived in favour of a descendant through the female line ; and it later became held by the marquess of Ely in conjunction with other family titles.

Frederick had signed a marriage contract with the heir to the Marquisate of Monteferrat, Maria Palaeologina, with the aim of acquiring that land ; its marquess Boniface IV of Montferrat was in poor health.

In the political troubles which preceded the outbreak of the English Civil War, Hopton, as member of parliament successively for Bath, Somerset and Wells, at first opposed the royal policy, but after Strafford's attainder ( for which he voted ) he gradually became an ardent supporter of Charles, and at the beginning of the conflict he was made lieutenant-general under the marquess of Hertford in the west.

He was thus the first marquess, and only the second non-princely duke ( after Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster in 1337 ), in England.

The 8th Earl of Argyll was created a marquess in 1641, when Charles I visited Scotland and attempted to quell the rising political crisis ( and the fall-out from the event known as The Incident ).

Upon the restoration, the marquess offered his services to King Charles II but was charged with treason and executed in 1661.

In 1810 he was employed on the Irish estate of the marquess of Downshire.

The two highest ranks, marquess and prince, were only conferred upon extremely senior statesmen, and were not conferred upon a Prime Minister after 1916.

The highest rank, of full marquess, came with a state pension and a territorial fiefdom.

Holders of the rank immediately below, that of ordinary marquess, received a pension, but had no territorial rule.

Like a king, the marquess collected a portion of the tax revenues in his fief as personal income.

In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above viscount.

A marquess or marquis (; French: " marquis ", ) is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies.

The word " marquess " is unusual in English, ending in "- ess " but referring to a male and not a female.

A woman with the rank of a marquess, or the wife of a marquess, is a marchioness () in the British Isles, or a marquise () elsewhere in Europe.

Feminine forms follow after a slash ; many languages have two words, one for the " modern " marquess and one for the original margrave.

The coronet for a marquess in the British realms.

Like other major Western noble titles, marquess or marquis is sometimes used to render certain titles in non-Western languages with their own traditions, even though they are, as a rule, historically unrelated and thus hard to compare.

* in Korea, the title of Hyeonhu ( 현후, 縣侯 ), of which the meaning is " marquess of district ", existed for the hereditary nobility in the Goryeo dynasty.

The heir apparent of a duke, a marquess, or an earl generally uses his father's highest lesser peerage dignity as his own.

The ranks of duke and marquess were introduced in the 14th century, and that of viscount in the 15th century.