Operation Blue Star coincided with a Sikh annual event, i. e. martyrdom day of Guru Arjan.

Guru Arjan Dev's martyrdom led to the sixth Guru, Guru Har Gobind, declaring Sikh sovereignty in the creation of the Akal Takht and the establishment of a fort to defend Amritsar.

Muslims also celebrate Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi-the birthday of the prophet Muhammad-in the third month of the calendar ( Rabi ' al-Awwal ) and mark the Day of Ashurah on the 9th and 10th days of the first month ( Muharram ) to commemorate the martyrdom of Husayn bin Ali.

Sunni schools of thought commemorate it through optional fasting on the 9th and tenth, while Shia Muslims through self-flagellation and passion plays about Muhammad's grandson, Husayn ibn Ali and his martyrdom in the Battle of Karbala.

The lack of an interested chronicler after Eulogius ' own martyrdom has given way to the misimpression that there were fewer episodes later in the 9th century.

His relics are at the Basilica of Sant ' Apollinare Nuovo ( which housed his relics from the 9th century until the 1748 reconsecration of Sant ' Apollinare in Classe ) and the 6th century Benedictine Basilica of Sant ' Apollinare in Classe ( on the traditional site of his martyrdom ), both in Ravenna and in Saint Lambert's church, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Reverence for martyrdom of the Stuart king Charles I as an upholder of his Coronation Oath to protect the Church of England became a hallmark of " High Church " orthodoxy.

In 1880, Sullivan wrote the cantata The Martyr of Antioch, presented at the Leeds Triennial Music Festival, with a libretto modified by Gilbert from an 1822 epic poem by Henry Hart Milman concerning the martyrdom of St. Margaret of Antioch in the 3rd century.

By the 5th century, this authentic collection had been enlarged by spurious letters, and some of the original letters had been changed with interpolations, created to posthumously enlist Ignatius as an unwitting witness in theological disputes of that age, while the purported eye-witness account of his martyrdom is also thought to be a forgery from around the same time.

An examination of his theology of soteriology shows that he regarded salvation as one being free from the powerful fear of death and thus to bravely face martyrdom.

The statement of the Liber Pontificalis concerning the pope's martyrdom results obviously from a confusion with a Roman martyr of the same name buried on the Via Aurelia, and over whose grave a church was built.

Outside of the Book of Acts which contains the death of Saint Stephen, the Martyrdom is considered one of the earliest genuine accounts of a Christian martyrdom, and is one of the very few genuine accounts from the actual age of the persecutions.

His death was followed by almost two decades of conflict called the Hussite Wars, which were centred around greater calls for religious reform by Jan Hus and spurred by popular outrage provoked from his martyrdom.

Teresa was fascinated by accounts of the lives of the saints, and ran away from home at age seven with her brother Rodrigo to find martyrdom among the Moors.

Further, the distance is only moderate from this Region of Brazil to Malacca, where St. Thomas was crowned with martyrdom .”.

He was the naïve butt of practical jokes and amorous scheming ( Gautier ); the prankish but innocent waif ( Banville, Verlaine, Willette ); the narcissistic dreamer clutching at the moon, which could symbolize many things, from spiritual perfection to death ( Giraud, Laforgue, Willette, Dowson ); the frail, neurasthenic, often doom-ridden soul ( Richepin, Beardsley ); the clumsy, though ardent, lover, who wins Columbine's heart, or murders her in frustration ( Margueritte ); the cynical and misogynous dandy, sometimes dressed in black ( Huysmans / Hennique, Laforgue ); the Christ-like victim of the martyrdom that is Art ( Giraud, Willette, Ensor ); the androgynous and unholy creature of corruption ( Richepin, Wedekind ); the madcap master of chaos ( the Hanlon-Lees ); the purveyor of hearty and wholesome fun ( the English pier Pierrots )— and various combinations of these.

Pope Cornelius was pope from his election on 6 or 13 March 251 to his martyrdom in June 253.

The ratio of Viet Cong to government soldiers jumped from one to 10 in 1961 to one to five a year later. The alleged 1966 martyrdom of Viet Cong soldier Nguyễn Văn Bé is much celebrated in Vietnam, despite the fact that he later turned up alive.

After January 14, 2002 bin al-Shibh was found to be among five suspected al-Qaeda members delivering what United States Attorney General John Ashcroft described as " martyrdom messages from suicide terrorists " on five discovered videos.

Icon of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, with scenes from her martyrdom.

Seeing their bodies as they were processed back to Assisi, Fernando meditated on the heroism of these men ; inspired by their example, and longing for the same gift of martyrdom, he obtained permission from church authorities to leave the Augustinian Canons to join the new Franciscan Order.

In 414 a chapel was erected at the site of Justus and Pastor's martyrdom, and was converted into a Cathedral during the period of Visigoth control of Hispania ; bishops from Alcalá were present at the Councils of Toledo beginning in the seventh century.

Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper, with enamelled scenes of the saint's martyrdom.

Richard of Ilchester, a fellow bishop, held that it was Richard of Dover's defects that prevented the English Church from profiting more from Becket's martyrdom.

They are so named from the description of their martyrdom in 2 and 4 Maccabees.

Antioch historian Robert Straker wrote that Mann had been “ crucified by crusading sectarians .” Ralph Waldo Emerson lamented “ what seems the fatal waste of labor and life at Antioch .” Mann ’ s wife, who wrote in anguish that " the blood of martyrdom waters the spot ," later disinterred his body from Yellow Springs.

Uncle Tom's Cabin drew criticism from abolitionists and African-American authors for the passive martyrdom of Uncle Tom and endorsement of colonization as the solution to slavery.

In summary, Shaw states that Jesus was a benevolent genius ( in areas ranging from moral to social to economic ) who eventually bought into popular ideas of his divinity and impending martyrdom.

* a long hagiographical passage, such as an account of a saint's martyrdom, or a theological treatise commenting on some aspect of the scriptural reading, or a passage from the documents of the Second Vatican Council

According to tradition, Paul's body was buried two miles away from the place of his martyrdom, in the sepulchral area along the Ostiense Way, which was owned by a Christian woman named Lucina.

In Acts, attention is given to the religious persecution of the early Christians, as in the case of Stephen's martyrdom and the numerous examples are Paul's persecution for his preaching of Christianity.

* Husain ibn ' Ali, Shi ' i religious leader and grandson of the prophet of Islam, enters martyrdom.

However, Blessed Pope John Paul II, when deciding to canonize him, overruled the commission he had established ( which agreed with the earlier assessment of heroic charity ), wishing to make the point that the systematic hatred of ( whole categories of ) humanity propagated by the Nazi regime was in itself inherently an act of hatred of religious ( Christian ) faith, meaning Father Kolbe's death equated to martyrdom.

61b ) that he suffered martyrdom on account of his transgression of Hadrian's edicts against the practice and the teaching of the Jewish religion, a religious and not a political reason for his death being given.

That the religious interdicts of Hadrian preceded the overthrow of Bar Kokba, is shown by Mek., Mishpaṭim, 18, where Akiva regards the martyrdom of two of his friends as ominous of his own fate.

Suicide terrorism, self-sacrifice, or martyrdom has throughout history been organized and perpetrated by groups with both political and religious motivations.

Maratha accounts instead state that he was ordered to bow before Auguranzeb and convert to Islam, and it was his refusal to do so that lead to his death, lending a religious martyrdom to the narrative.

: Within a compass of two hundred pages it proclaims unequivocally the existence and oneness of a personal God, unknowable, inaccessible, the source of all Revelation, eternal, omniscient, omnipresent and almighty ; asserts the relativity of religious truth and the continuity of Divine Revelation ; affirms the unity of the Prophets, the universality of their Message, the identity of their fundamental teachings, the sanctity of their scriptures, and the twofold character of their stations ; denounces the blindness and perversity of the divines and doctors of every age ; cites and elucidates the allegorical passages of the New Testament, the abstruse verses of the Qur ' án, and the cryptic Muhammadan traditions which have bred those age-long misunderstandings, doubts and animosities that have sundered and kept apart the followers of the world's leading religious systems ; enumerates the essential prerequisites for the attainment by every true seeker of the object of his quest ; demonstrates the validity, the sublimity and significance of the Báb's Revelation ; acclaims the heroism and detachment of His disciples ; foreshadows, and prophesies the world-wide triumph of the Revelation promised to the people of the Bayán ; upholds the purity and innocence of the Virgin Mary ; glorifies the Imams of the Faith of Muhammad ; celebrates the martyrdom, and lauds the spiritual sovereignty, of the Imam Husayn ; unfolds the meaning of such symbolic terms as " Return ," " Resurrection ," " Seal of the Prophets " and " Day of Judgment "; adumbrates and distinguishes between the three stages of Divine Revelation ; and expatiates, in glowing terms, upon the glories and wonders of the " City of God ," renewed, at fixed intervals, by the dispensation of Providence, for the guidance, the benefit and salvation of all mankind.

In his view, martyrdom was one of the sincerest forms of religious devotion.

" Family members said that Wail and Waleed became very religious in the months before they disappeared, had expressed interest in going to Chechnya, and hoped for martyrdom.

... the memory work done by early Christians on the historical experience of persecution and martyrdom was a form of culture making, whereby Christian identity was indelibly marked by the collective memory of the religious suffering of others.

) In the present day, Pratt's defenders still characterize the circumstances of Pratt's death as religious martyrdom.

Shia demonstrations in Qatif have sometimes led to conflict with Sunni Saudi religious authorities who disapprove of Shia commemorations marking Husseins martyrdom.

These four symbols have varying heraldic, religious, and secular meanings including loyalty, piety, bravery, martyrdom, humility, and sacrifice.

One illustration, picking up on the theme of religious martyrdom in The Well, showed Hall nailed to a cross.

Pedro Calungsod ( c. 1654 – 2 April 1672 ) was a young Roman Catholic Filipino migrant, sacristan and missionary catechist, who along with Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores, suffered religious persecution and martyrdom on Guam for their missionary work in 1672.

In the Roman Catholic Church, Calungsod's martyrdom is called In Odium Fidei or In Hatred of the Faith, referring to the religious persecution endured by the person in evangelisation.