Audibility of spectral components is determined by first calculating a masking threshold, below which it is estimated that sounds will be beyond the limits of human perception.

Only masker that falls into the auditory filter contributes to masking and the person ’ s threshold for hearing the signal is determined by that masker.

This effect is called masking, because the effect of BCG is masked by environmental mycobacteria.

The strength in the nontraditional export and tourism sector is masking a relatively lackluster performance by traditional sectors, including agriculture.

Rosenthal also cites masked-priming, in which the individual is presented a priming stimulus which is quickly replaced by a masking stimulus.

Female masking is a form of cross-dressing in which men wear masks that present them as female.

The effect of unintended time cues is called masking.

If n is itself a power of 2, this can be done by bit masking and bit shifting.

If a photosensitive material is selectively exposed to radiation ( e. g. by masking some of the radiation ) the pattern of the radiation on the material is transferred to the material exposed, as the properties of the exposed and unexposed regions differs.

Its etch selectivity to silicon is very high, allowing it to work with photoresist, SiO < sub > 2 </ sub >, silicon nitride, and various metals for masking.

Temporarily masking interrupts should only be done when the longest path through the critical section is shorter than the desired maximum interrupt latency, or else this method increases the system's maximum interrupt latency.

Stuttering is less prevalent in deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals, and stuttering may be improved when auditory feedback is altered, such as masking, delayed auditory feedback ( DAF ), or frequency altered feedback.

They were not aware of MOS's masking techniques and when they calculated the price per chip at normal yield rates it did not add up.

In addition, to make the sabotage appear more convincingly as a calculated Chinese attack on an essential target – thereby masking the Japanese action as a legitimate measure to protect a vital railway of industrial and economic importance – the Japanese press labeled the site " Liǔtiáo Ditch " ( → liǔtiáogōu ) or " Liǔtiáo Bridge " ( → liǔtiáoqiáo ), when in reality, the site was a small railway section laid on an area of flat land.

The masked thresholds are calculated through simultaneous masking when the signal is played to the subject at the same time as the masker and not after.

LPC may also be thought of as a basic perceptual coding technique ; reconstruction of an audio signal using a linear predictor shapes the coder's quantization noise into the spectrum of the target signal, partially masking it.

While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual ( i. e. masking ) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding.

In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom.

During the attacks, the Chinese assault teams would disperse while masking themselves using the terrain, and this made it difficult for UN defenders to target large number of Chinese troops.

The addresses are stored using " don't care " for the host part of the address, so looking up the destination address in the CAM immediately retrieves the correct routing entry ; both the masking and comparison are done by the CAM hardware.

This is achieved by masking off ( using oil paint ) and scraping back.

* EZlect: masking plug-in for Photoshop, written using Delphi for Windows, and Free Pascal for Mac OS X.

Aperture synthesis imaging has been demonstrated in the optical and infrared, first using aperture masking interferometry and later using arrays of separated telescopes.

An innovator, she employed special effects, using double exposure masking techniques and even running a film backwards.

Very soon after the release of version 1. 0, v. 2. 0 ( 2 September 1998 ) was released, featuring lossy encoding ( using only quantization of prediction residue for data reduction-no psychoacoustic masking model was applied to the stream ).

For artistic effect, vignetting is sometimes applied to an otherwise un-vignetted photograph and can be achieved by burning the outer edges of the photograph ( with film stock ) or using digital imaging techniques, such as masking darkened edges.

The reduction in quality ( and therefore bitrate ) in certain areas of the picture caused by using lumi masking allows more bits to be allocated to the rest of the video, thus improving overall quality.

Estimates using complex global climate models suggest that this effect may be partially masking the effects of greenhouse gas increases on the global surface temperature.

Texas Instruments proved it to be possible to embed FeRAM cells using two additional masking steps during conventional CMOS semiconductor manufacture.

In practice, the actual color " purple " is not used-rather, either a nondescript near-black color is used ( as the system often has thousands of such shades to choose from ), or the mask region is denoted using some similar masking method not involving colors.

In modern times, the painter is primarily responsible for preparation of the surface to be painted, such as patching holes in drywall, using masking tape and other protection on surfaces not to be painted, applying the paint and then cleaning up.

Using headphones at a sufficiently high volume level may cause temporary or permanent hearing impairment or deafness due to an effect called " masking.

Audiologists are more likely to recognize the disorder, usually with tympanometry or nasally delivered masking noise during a hearing assessment, which is highly sensitive to this condition.

The Raiders were endorsed by the Vox Amplifier Company ( Revere used their Vox Continental combo organ, while Volk was seen on television playing their Phantom IV bass ( nicknamed " the coffin bass " due to the shape of its body ) — with " FANG " in masking tape letters on the backside — and everyone played through Vox Super Beatle amplifiers ).

Specifically, unsharp masking is a simple linear image operation — a convolution by a kernel that is the Dirac delta minus a gaussian blur kernel.

Noting that “ the realism of her works allows no one like Jane Austen to appear in them ,” Miller argued that Austen ’ s omniscient, disembodied, and widely celebrated ( successful ) narrator emerges to compensate, if only partially, for the unmarried ( and thus “ failed ”) author ’ s oppression by “ the conjugal imperative ”: “ Behind the glory of style ’ s willed evacuation of substance lies the ignominy of a subject ’ s hopelessly insufficient social realization, just as behind style ’ s ahistorical impersonality lies the historical impasse of someone whose social representation doubles for social humiliation .” “ For all along ,” Miller wrote later in Jane Austen, “ shame has been style ’ s encrypted alter ego — its alternate form as ego — and style, the unremitting labor of managing and masking this encryption .”

Manifesting in a wide frequency range, speech is quite resistant to many types of masking frequency cut-off — Moore reports, for example, that a band of frequencies from 1000 Hz to 2000 Hz is sufficient ( sentence articulation score of about 90 %).

This phenomenon, known as saccadic masking or saccadic suppression, is known to occur in the time preceding a saccadic eye movement, implying neurological reasons for the effect, rather than simply the image's motion blur.

Saccadic masking, also known as visual saccadic suppression, is the phenomenon in visual perception where the brain selectively blocks visual processing during eye movements in such a way that neither the motion of the eye ( and subsequent motion blur of the image ) nor the gap in visual perception is noticeable to the viewer.

This phenomenon is called saccadic masking or saccadic suppression.

This phenomenon is known as " masking " and is a fundamental limitation of the way the keyboard electronics are designed.

This phenomenon was an example of metacontrast masking.