With Japan divided into individual territories ( Han ) with the restrictions on travel already in place under Toyotomi Hideyoshi and strengthened afterwards by the successive Tokugawa governments of the Edo period ( 1600-1868 approximately ) provided a fertile ground for the development of formalized methods of tying prisoners who had to be transported across territories because of measures then in place mandating that a prisoner had to be handed off from one set of officials to another at the border of each territory with each law-enforcement group employing a different school ’ s or region ’ s often jealously-guarded methodology.

The electrocardiograph ( ECG ) uses electrodes placed on the torso, wrists, or legs, to measure the electrical activity of the heart and measures the interbeat interval ( distances between successive R-wave peaks in the QRS complex ).

In response to this, the Democratic Socialist Perspective and many non-aligned members argued successfully at successive national conferences for measures to take the Socialist Alliance in the direction of becoming a united socialist party.

The Aegean Islands have benefited from various welfare measures implemented by successive PA. SO. K.

His method may be studied in English translations of his Studies in Troop-leading, and may be summarized as the assumption of an actual military situation on the actual ground, followed by critical discussion of the successive measures that a commander, whether of a brigade, division or larger force, should take in the sequel, given his orders and his knowledge of the general situation.

He played a crucial role through minority governments of the 1960s and 1970s using the NDP's position holding the balance of power to persuade successive Liberal governments to introduce progressive measures.

The ravages of so many successive campaigns must have already inflicted a severe blow upon the prosperity of Bruttium: the measures adopted by the Romans to punish them for their rebellion completed their humiliation.

These successive measures were simply expedients to fill the royal coffers.

The mixed nature of the coalitions and a consequent lack of agreement on measures for dealing with colonial wars in Indochina and Algeria caused successive cabinet crises and changes of government.

András Wilheim has noted that only the last 17 measures of Ionisation include musical tones of the " traditional tonal system ", where any five successive chords contain the 12 tones of the chromatic scale.

ICCAT's string of successive failures leaves us little option now but to seek effective remedies through trade measures and extending the boycott of retailers, restaurants, chefs and consumers ".

The verses of " Prayer " are constructed of 2 successive measures of 4 / 4, a measure of 10 / 4 ( using 4 / 4 + 2 / 4 + 4 / 4 ), and 2 final measures of 4 / 4.

The " Days of April " ( journées d ' avril ) is a name appropriated in French history to a series of insurrections at Lyons, Paris and elsewhere, against the government of Louis Philippe in 1834, which led to violent repressive measures, and to a famous trial known as the procès d ' avril.

The language appeared to be in serious decline when the French government reversed its unsupportive stand and began some strong measures to save it.

Later, he also referred to himself as a " phonometrician " ( meaning " someone who measures sounds ") preferring this designation to that of a " musician ", after having been called " a clumsy but subtle technician " in a book on contemporary French composers published in 1911.

The French government has implemented various measures aimed at supporting local film production and movie theaters.

Among measures taken by Conte to try and shore up his support within the military after 2007 was the transfer of the ' popular Sékouba Konaté to Conakry to head the parachute Autonomous Battalion of Airborne Troops ( French acronym BATA ) in an attempt to calm the troops.

French scientists such as Antoine Lavoisier worked to replace the archaic units of weights and measures by a coherent scientific system.

The nature of provisional measures has been a subject of great dispute in international law ; the English text of the Statute of the International Court of Justice implies they are not binding, while the French text implies that they are.

In one such letter Morse wrote, " I assert that the Federalists in the Northern States have done more injury to their country by their violent opposition measures than a French alliance could.

This act was followed by reorganizational measures approved by the French parliament early in 1957 that ensured a large degree of self-government for individual territories.

The situation became compounded in the summer when French armies were continually being defeated by the Austrians and the king vetoed several measures that would have restricted his power even further.

As a result of these complications Pius VI was led into a series of half measures which gave little satisfaction to either party: although it is perhaps largely due to him that the Order was able to escape dissolution in White Russia and Silesia ; at only one juncture did he ever seriously consider its universal re-establishment, namely in 1792, as a bulwark against the ideas of the French Revolution ( 1789 ).

French measures, including general conscription ( levée en masse ), military reform, and total war, contributed to the defeat of the First Coalition, despite the civil war occurring in France.

During the early part of the 20th century, attempts were made to suppress Cajun culture by measures such as forbidding the use of the Cajun French language in schools.

The Accords mandated, among other measures, a temporary ceasefire line, intended to separate Vietnamese and French forces, and elections to determine the future political fate of the Vietnamese within two years.

In addition to these measures Philip debased the French coinage by measures which by 1306 had led to a two-thirds loss in the value of the livres, sous and denirs in circulation.

York's appointment was one of a number of stop-gap measures after the death of Bedford to try to retain French possessions until King Henry should assume personal rule.

The killing by the FLN and its supporters of 123 people, including 71 French, including old women and babies, shocked Jacques Soustelle into calling for more repressive measures against the rebels.

However, French rule still discouraged the development of local industry, preferring to force the exchange of raw materials for European finished goods, and a large number of taxation measures were instituted.

Also, Frederick's father, Charles I of Hesse-Kassel, had been the state's most successful ruler, rebuilding the state over his decades-long rule by means of economic and infrastructure measures and state reform, as well as tolerance, such as attracting, for economic purposes, the French Huguenots.

Fox thought of revolutionary France as the lesser of two evils, and emphasised the role of traditional despots in perverting the course of the revolution: he argued that Louis XVI and the French aristocracy had brought their fates upon themselves by abusing the constitution of 1791 and that the coalition of European autocrats, which was currently dispatching its armies against France's borders, had driven the revolutionary government to desperate and bloody measures by exciting a profound national crisis.

He argued against war measures like the stationing of Hessian troops in Britain, the employment of royalist French émigrés in the British army and, most of all, Pitt's suspension of habeas corpus in 1794.

His greatest financial measures were his usage of loans to help fund the French debt and his usage of high interest rates rather than raising taxes.

Although the Colombian Government ratified the 1988 UN Convention on Narcotics in 1994 — the last of the Andean governments to do so — it took important reservations, notably to the anti-money-laundering measures, asset forfeiture and confiscation provisions, maritime interdiction, and extradition clauses.

Fascist governments introduced price controls, wage controls and other types of economic interventionist measures.

Higher than normal snow packs in the British Columbia Interior prompted municipal governments to start taking emergency measures in the region.

Each government had to notify to other governments on the existence of plague within their several jurisdictions, and at the same time state the measures of prevention which are being carried out to prevent its diffusion.

Many civil rights were explicitly acknowledged, and measures were established to increase the stability of elected governments while new organs supervising the administrative power also emerged for the first time such as The Constitutional Court, The Administrative Court and The Ombudsman.

Two Canadian provincial governments, Ontario and Quebec, introduced measures in 2008 that would protect at least half of their northern boreal forest.

In the preamble, governments commit themselves and their people to progressive measures which secure the universal and effective recognition and observance of the human rights set out in the Declaration.

In response, local governments have adopted various legal measures to prevent vandalism, but research has shown that the conventional strategies employed by the government in response to at least unapproved graffiti are not the most effective.

As one observer said, " I am convinced that a few days ' heavy rainfall to terminate the long-continued drought ... would do more to restore tranquility than any measures which either the Chinese government or foreign governments can take.

Australian governments responded to the Depression with measures that, Lang claimed, made circumstances even worse-cuts to government spending, civil service salaries and public works cancellations.

Upon the rediscovery of Sephardi Jews during the campaigns of General Juan Prim in Northern Africa, the Spanish governments have taken friendly measures towards the descendants of the Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 under the Alhambra Decree and persecuted by the Spanish Inquisition.

Classification is determined by approved testing measures or calculations and have determined cut off levels set by governments and scientists.

The US government increased military operations, economic measures and political pressure on groups it accused of being terrorists, as well as on governments and countries accused of sheltering them.

On the other hand, with governments in developed countries increasingly utilizing price indexes for everything from fiscal and monetary planning to payments to social program recipients, the even small differences between inflation measures can shift budget revenues and expenses by millions or billions of dollars.

Large corporations and other enterprises ( e. g., local governments ) analyze their ' portfolio ' of properties, to determine how to best allocate limited funds for structural strengthening of buildings, or other risk reduction measures such as emergency planning.

Certain historians, such as Robert Skidelsky in his Politicians and the Slump, compared the orthodox policies of the Labour and National governments unfavourably with the more radical proto-Keynesian measures advocated by David Lloyd George and Oswald Mosley, and the more interventionist and Keynesian responses in other economies: Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal in the United States, the Labour government in New Zealand, and the Social Democratic government in Sweden.

The report was issued in response to growing concern at the severity of the military measures amongst the general public in Great Britain, among members of the British Government, and among governments in countries neighbouring Palestine.

But governments of this type have simultaneously sought to supplement these policies by measures directly targeted at improving productivity and helping the poor, such as education reforms and subsidies to poor families conditioned on their children staying in school.

The Association for the Protection of Takata-Matsubara along with the municipal and prefectural governments are taking measures, including the erection of barriers, to protect the surviving pine.

In England, the governments Environmental organisation Natural England offers grants towards implementing measures to conserve this species, under the Environmental Stewardship scheme.

* Lithuanian and Polish governments will create interstate commissions on both foreign affairs, trade and industry measures and local policies.

b. Reporting to the federal and provincial governments on whether protective measures of the act are followed

The revenues from other taxes, however, were not significantly different, compared to the previous governments, and some of the anti-corruption measures backfired ( for example, some of the fired officials successfully sued the Latvian government for wrongful dismissal ).