The use of oxygen as part of the process for generating metabolic energy produces reactive oxygen species.

This energy flow diagram illustrates how energy is lost as it fuels the metabolic process that transform the energy and nutrients into biomass.

* Fermentation ( biochemistry ), a metabolic process whereby electrons released from nutrients are ultimately transferred to molecules obtained from the breakdown of those same nutrients

** Lactic acid fermentation, the biological process by which sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose, are converted into cellular energy and the metabolic byproduct lactate

The percentage can vary based on both other medications taken and inherited metabolic quirks involving the Cytochrome P450 metabolic pathways — some cannot process it at all, whereas a smaller percentage can get even more strength from it than usual.

Beta oxidation is the metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria and / or in peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA.

* Nitrogen Catabolite Repression, a cellular process regulating synthesis of nitrogen metabolic proteins in yeast

In the real world they have to process a massive amount of water to extract enough oxygen to supply an active diver, and processing this much water takes a great deal of energy ( possible for cold-blooded fish, but harder for humans with higher metabolic rates ).

One such suggestion is based on the argument that the mammalian photoreceptor amplification process requires vast quantities of metabolic energy, and consequently, it requires massive and homogeneous supply of blood.

This energy flow diagram illustrates how energy is lost as it fuels the metabolic process that transform the energy and nutrients into biomass.

Artificial respiration is the act of assisting or stimulating respiration, a metabolic process referring to the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration.

As most healthy functioning organs produce metabolic and other wastes, the entire organism depends on the function of the system ; however, only the organs specifically for the excretion process are considered a part of the excretory system.

It is a part of the metabolic process that converts sugar, fat, and protein into cellular energy.

: For the related metabolic process, see anabolism.

A metabolic process occurs where water is synthesized from chemical components in the dry seeds that the rat eats.

The process produces Ketone bodies, which are found in large quantities in ketosis, a metabolic state that occurs when the liver converts fat into fatty acids and ketone bodies, which can be used by the body for energy.

However, improvements in amino acid composition, B-group vitamins, sugars, protein and starch digestibilities, and decrease in phytates and protease inhibitors are the metabolic effects of the sprouting process .”

This energy flow diagram illustrates how energy is lost as it fuels the metabolic process that transform the energy and nutrients into biomass.

This kidney response takes a few days, however acetazolamide in a sense accelerates this process by leading to a more rapid renal bicarbonate loss ( metabolic acidosis ).

: Let us assume that the persistence or repetition of a reverberatory activity ( or " trace ") tends to induce lasting cellular changes that add to its stability .… When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that As efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.

Folate lowers levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that is an intermediate product in an important metabolic process called the methylation cycle.

This is in contrast to the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and ATP ( energy ).

Photorespiration is a wasteful process because G3P is created at a reduced rate and higher metabolic cost ( 2ATP and one NAD ( P ) H ) compared with RuBP carboxylase activity.

The authors noted an apparent superior efficacy of olanzapine to the other drugs in terms of reduction in psychopathology and rate of hospitalizations, but olanzapine was associated with relatively severe metabolic effects such as a major weight gain problem ( averaging over 18 months ) and increases in glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides.

:* Glycolysis was the first metabolic pathway discovered:

This cycle was the first metabolic cycle discovered ( Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932 ), five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle.

The findings were that the performers metabolic rates matched those of marathon runners halfway through a marathon, while the heart rate was more along the lines of someone who was running a " 400 or 800 meter dash.

Abdominal obesity was more closely related with metabolic distractions connected with cardiovascular disease than was general obesity.

In the cohort of 15, 000 people participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES III ), waist circumference explained obesity-related health risk better than the body mass index ( or BMI ) when metabolic syndrome was taken as an outcome measure and this difference was statistically significant.

The same was used in defining metabolic syndrome.

further tested a modified definition of metabolic syndrome in which waist circumference was replaced with ICO in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) database and found the modified definition to be more specific and sensitive.

Alzheimer's Disease and abdominal obesity has a strong correlation and with metabolic factors added in, the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease was even higher.

In parallel, an hypometabolism was underlined by a reduction of several catecholamines ( dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline ) and their principal metabolic by-products.

Alkaptonuria was one of the four diseases described by Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, as being the result of the accumulation of intermediates due to metabolic deficiencies.

The deficiency was the first metabolic myopathy to be recognized, when Dr. McArdle described the first case in a 30-year-old man who always experienced pain and weakness after exercise.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid was first synthesized in 1883, and was first known only as a plant and microbe metabolic product.

If the patient was infected, the extract would cause an artificial allergic reaction and associated Calabar swelling similar to that caused, in theory, by metabolic products of the worm or dead worms.

The Compendium of Physical Activities was developed for use in epidemiologic studies to standardize the assignment of metabolic equivalent of task ( MET ) intensities in physical activity questionnaires.

It has been proposed that human genes " evolved with the expectation of requiring a certain threshold of physical activity " and that sedentary lifestyle results in abnormal gene expression .< ref name =" Cordain1998 "> Compared to ancestral humans, modern humans often have substantially less lean muscle, which is a risk factor for insulin resistance .< ref > Human metabolic processes were evolved in the presence of physical activity-rest cycles, which regularly depleted skeletal muscles of their glycogen stores .< ref > S. Boyd Eaton estimated that ancestral humans spent one-third of their caloric intake on physical activity ( 1000 kcal / day out of the total caloric intake of 3000 kcal / day ), and that the paleolithic lifestyle was well approximated by the WHO recommendation of the physical activity level of 1. 75, or 60 minutes / day of moderate-intensity exercise.

Since fermentation was a major metabolic pathway of cancer cells, Warburg reported cancer cells maintain a lower pH, as low as 6. 0, due to lactic acid production and elevated CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

He was a constructor of scientific instruments of which several had considerable practical importance, e. g. the spirometer and the apparatus for measuring basal metabolic rate.

The idea is that once a primitive metabolic cycle was established, it began to produce ever more complex compounds.

The metabolic rate of glucose was found to be lower in the left anterior cingulate gyrus and the right posterior cingulate gyrus in patients with schizophrenia relative to controls.