Exhaust from a spark ignition engine consists of the following: nitrogen 70 to 75 % ( by volume ), water vapor 10 to 12 %, carbon dioxide 10 to 13. 5 %, hydrogen 0. 5 to 2 %, oxygen 0. 2 to 2 %, carbon monoxide: 0. 1 to 6 %, unburnt hydrocarbons and partial oxidation products ( e. g. aldehydes ) 0. 5 to 1 %, nitrogen monoxide 0. 01 to 0. 4 %, nitrous oxide < 100 ppm, sulfur dioxide 15 to 60 ppm, traces of other compounds such as fuel additives and lubricants, also halogen and metallic compounds, and other particles.

This cut-away illustrates a model of the interior of Jupiter, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen.

Their structures are thought to consist of an outer layer of molecular hydrogen, surrounding a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, with a probable molten core with a rocky composition.

Peierls showed that, in the case of a one-dimensional row of metallic atoms, say hydrogen, an instability had to arise that would lead to the breakup of such a chain into individual molecules.

* Class II: yellow stars — hydrogen less strong, but evident metallic lines, such as the Sun, Arcturus and Capella.

De Marignac was the first to produce the metallic form of tantalum in 1864, when he reduced tantalum chloride by heating it in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

The electrons dissociate impurities in the environment, the reactive oxygen species then attack the surface and form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with traces of carbon, and nonradiative zinc oxide and zinc sulfate on the surface ; the reactive hydrogen removes sulfur from the surface as hydrogen sulfide, forming nonradiative layer of metallic zinc.

Exotic examples of degenerate matter include neutronium, strange matter, metallic hydrogen and white dwarf matter.

Gas giant planets such as Jupiter ( pictured above ) and Saturn may contain large amounts of metallic hydrogen ( depicted in grey )

Solid metallic hydrogen is predicted to consist of a crystal lattice of hydrogen nuclei ( namely, protons ), with a spacing which is significantly smaller than the Bohr radius.

In liquid metallic hydrogen, protons do not have lattice ordering ; rather, it is a liquid system of protons and electrons.

In 1935 however, physicists Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington predicted that under an immense pressure of around ( or ), hydrogen atoms would display metallic properties, losing hold over their electrons.

Since then, metallic hydrogen has been described as " the holy grail of high-pressure physics ".

Techniques are being developed for creating pressures of up to, higher than the pressure at the center of the Earth, in hopes of creating metallic hydrogen.

In 1968, Ashcroft put forward that metallic hydrogen may be a superconductor, up to room temperature (~), far higher than any other known candidate material.

Egor Babaev predicted that if hydrogen and deuterium have liquid metallic states, they may have ordered states in quantum domains which cannot be classified as superconducting or superfluid in the usual sense.

In March 1996, a group of scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory reported that they had serendipitously produced, for about a microsecond at temperatures of thousands of kelvins, pressures of over a million atmospheres (> 100 GPa ) and density of approximately 0. 6 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >, the first identifiably metallic hydrogen.

The team did not expect to produce metallic hydrogen, as it was not using solid hydrogen, thought to be necessary, and was working at temperatures above those specified by metallization theory.

This is the generation of a compacted oxide layer which sinters together to form a crystalline ' glaze ' ( not the amorphous layer seen in pottery ) generally at high temperatures, from metallic surfaces sliding against each other ( or a metallic surface against a ceramic surface ).

His process involved the deposition of a thin layer of metallic silver onto glass through the chemical reduction of silver nitrate.

In 1874 Karl Ferdinand Braun observed conduction and rectification in metallic sulphides, and Arthur Schuster found that a copper oxide layer on wires has rectification properties that ceases when the wires are cleaned.

Coaxial cable conducts electrical signal using an inner conductor ( usually a flexible solid or stranded copper wire ) surrounded by an insulating layer and all enclosed by a shield layer, typically a woven metallic braid ; the cable is often protected by an outer insulating jacket.

The coating has a complex layered structure consisting of various metallic ( mostly non-magnetic ) alloys as underlayers, optimized for the control of the crystallographic orientation and the grain size of the actual magnetic media layer on top of them, i. e. the film storing the bits of information.

Such high-temperature corrosion products, in the form of compacted oxide layer glazes, prevent or reduce wear during high-temperature sliding contact of metallic ( or metallic and ceramic ) surfaces.

A thin-film transistor ( TFT ) is a special kind of field-effect transistor made by depositing thin films of a semiconductor active layer as well as the dielectric layer and metallic contacts over a supporting substrate.

A similar system for automobile windshields, introduced on Ford vehicles as " Quickclear " in Europe (" InstaClear " in North America ) in the 1980s and through the early 1990s, used this conductive metallic coating applied to the inboard side of the outer layer of glass.

Thus, siderophile elements are bound through metallic bonds with iron in the dense layer of the Earth's core where pressures may be high enough to keep the iron solid.

The outside face of the structure was protected by cladding consisting of a 25 millimetres thick layer of insulation material over which metallic sheets were bolted.

The target is constructed of a mosaic of electrically isolated metallic granules separated from a common plate by a thin layer of isolating material, so that the positive charge resulting from the secondary emission is stored in the granules.

This tube is essentially identical to the super-Emitron, but the target is constructed of a thin layer of isolating material placed on top of a conductive base, the mosaic of metallic granules is missing.

The target is constructed of a mosaic of electrically isolated metallic granules separated from a common plate by a thin layer of isolating material, so that the positive charge resulting from the secondary emission is stored in the capacitor formed by the metallic granule and the common plate.

The jewelry industry makes rings of sintered tungsten carbide, tungsten carbide / metal composites, and also metallic tungsten.

Lighter colors and also whites and metallic substances absorb less illuminating light, and thus heat up less ; but otherwise color makes small difference as regards heat transfer between an object at everyday temperatures and its surroundings, since the dominant emitted wavelengths are nowhere near the visible spectrum, but rather in the far infrared.

The term is an onomatopoeia of the sound a bullet or other projectile makes when hitting a tin can, or other similar target, referring to the sharp, metallic sound, known as a " plink ".

It also makes a variety of other sounds, including metallic boink calls.

An easy way to identify the plastic is by the metallic sound it makes when struck.

Y10 Avenue: In early 1992, on the success of the special version of " Mia ", makes its way into dealerships Y10 Avenue, a true " swan song " of Y10, and moved from the Fire 1100 " Europe " of 50 HP, is characterized by four unknown body colors ( three and a metallic and metallic ), has tailgate, color co-ordinate the body " tone on tone " and Alcantara interiors in a specific design, with padded headrests and front piping sizes matched to body color.

The roof is constructed with a transparent material that has external light filtered which makes the yellow colour of the metallic structure stand out.

The metallic core makes up approximately 20 % of Io's mass.

In the 18th century, William Champion patents a process for the production of metallic zinc by distillation from calamine and charcoal, Bryan Higgins was issued a patent for hydraulic cement ( stucco ) for use as an exterior plaster, and Alessandro Volta makes a copper / zinc acid battery.

In the 19th century, Thomas Johann Seebeck invents the thermocouple, Joseph Aspin invents Portland cement, Hans Christian Ørsted produces metallic aluminium, Charles Goodyear invents vulcanized rubber, Louis Daguerre and William Fox Talbot invent silver-based photographic processes, James Clerk Maxwell demonstrates color photography, and Charles Fritts makes the first solar cells using selenium waffles.

The second version makes use of navy blue and metallic maroon detailing on an ivory-colored body, as opposed to brown and maroon.