As with its monomeric structure, several conflicting models alleged that either the packing arrangement of collagen molecules is ' sheet-like ' or microfibrillar.

The microfibrillar structure of adult tendon, as described by Fraser, Miller, and Wess ( amongst others ), was modeled as being closest to the observed structure, although it oversimplified the topological progression of neighboring collagen molecules, and hence did not predict the correct conformation of the discontinuous D-periodic pentameric arrangement termed simply: the microfibril.

Microfibrillar collagen hemostat ( MCH ) is a topical agent composed of resorbable microfibrillar collagen.

The central capsule is made up of microfibrils arranged into twenty plates, each with a hole through which one spine projects, and there is also a microfibrillar cortex linked to the spines by myonemes.

More particularly, bone mineral is formed from globular and plate structures, distributed among the collagen fibrils of bone and forming yet larger structure.

**** proteins: primary structure — secondary structure — tertiary structure — conformation — native state — protein folding — enzyme — receptor — transmembrane receptor — ion channel — membrane transporter — collagen — silk

Several competing models, although correctly dealing with the conformation of each individual peptide chain, gave way to the triple-helical " Madras " model, which provided an essentially correct model of the molecule's quaternary structure although this model still required some refinement .< ref > The packing structure of collagen has not been defined to the same degree outside of the fibrillar collagen types, although it has been long known to be hexagonal or quasi-hexagonal.

In collagen, the collagen helix, or type-2 helix, is a major shape in secondary structure.

Even though the VF seem to start organizing, this is not representative of the trilaminar structure seen in adult tissues, where the layer are defined by their differential elastin and collagen fiber compositions.

Multiple prolines and / or hydroxyprolines in a row can create a polyproline helix, the predominant secondary structure in collagen.

In composition and structure, it resembles the cuticula of the arthropods, consisting of α-chitin and various proteins, although not containing collagen.

As meat cooks, the structure and especially the collagen breaks down, allowing juice to come out of the meat.

The disease is caused by a defect in the structure of the type-IV collagen fibrils of the glomerular basement membrane.

The collagen can be divided into several families according to the types of structure they form:

By 1951, Randall had established a major effort to solve the structure of collagen and Wilkins and Franklin represented a parallel effort to determine the structure of DNA.

Glycation in Maillard reactions may lead to destabilization of the vitreous gel structure within the eye via unnecessary cross-linking between collagen fibrils.

Single molecule computational studies of type IV collagen molecules have shown changes in the structure and nanomechanical behavior of mutated molecules, notably leading to a bent molecular shape with kinks.

Members of the rhinoceros family are characterized by their large size ( they are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all of the species able to reach one tonne or more in weight ); as well as by a herbivorous diet ; a thick protective skin, 1. 5 – 5 cm thick, formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure ; relatively small brains for mammals this size ( 400 – 600 g ); and a large horn.

Natural cellulose, such as cotton or bleached kraft, show smaller fibrils jutting out and away from the main fiber structure.

In addition, because the tendon is a multi-stranded structure made up of many partially independent fibrils and fascicles, it does not behave as a single rod, and this property also contributes to its flexibility.

Dr. Ralf Langen's group showed that SDSL with EPR ( University of Southern California, Los Angeles ) can be used to understand the structure of amyloid fibrils and the structure of membrane bound Parkinson's disease protein alpha-synuclein.

A 2012 study generated a high resolution structure of IAPP fibrils using a combination of SDSL, pulse EPR and computational biology.

A trained artist is familiar with the skeleton structure, joint location, muscle placement, tendon movement, and how the different parts work together during movement.

Several mechanotransduction mechanisms have been proposed as reasons for the response of tenocytes to mechanical force that enable them to alter their gene expression, protein synthesis, and cell phenotype, and eventually cause changes in tendon structure.

A constant upward pull by the tendon on the coffin bone and other structure of the horse's hoof creates the condition.

Also note that a similar structure attaching one end to muscle and the other end to a tendon is known as a Golgi tendon organ.

In conjunction with the coracoid and the scapula, it forms a unique structure called the triosseal canal, which houses a strong tendon that connects the supracoracoideus muscles to the humerus.

Tadpoles ' eyes resemble those of fishes in structure but at metamorphosis the cornea becomes more dome-shaped, the lens becomes flatter and eyelids and associated glands and ducts develop.

All forms of surgery are considered invasive procedures ; so-called " noninvasive surgery " usually refers to an excision that does not penetrate the structure being excised ( e. g. laser ablation of the cornea ) or to a radiosurgical procedure ( e. g. irradiation of a tumor ).

The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.

In lampreys, the cornea is solely an extension of the sclera, and is separate from the skin lying above it, but in more advanced vertebrates it is always fused with the skin to form a single structure, albeit one composed of multiple layers.

In anatomy, a crystallin is a water-soluble structural protein found in the lens and the cornea of the eye accounting for the transparency of the structure.

Few materials don't follow it: among them metals, which do not allow light to enter ; gases, liquids ; glass and transparent plastics ( which have a liquid-like amorphous microscopic structure ); single crystals, such as some gems or a salt crystal ; and some very special materials, such as the tissues which make the cornea and the lens of an eye.

As laser eye surgery involves shaping the cornea by burning parts of it away, weakening its structure, post operation patients can be left predisposed to deformation of the cornea from small chalazia.

However, when humans are first developing in utero, they have a cartilage precursor to their skeletal structure.

Much of the skull is formed from cartilage, and its overall structure is reduced.

In many vertebrates, the sclera is reinforced with plates of cartilage or bone, together forming a circular structure called the scleral ring.

When the underlying cartilage support structure is disturbed, cartilage grafts and suturing of the native nasal cartilages can help improve nasal aesthetics by re-orienting the nasal tip cartilages ; and cartilage-graft refinements to the nose tip are performed as required.

Much of the skull is formed from cartilage, and its overall structure is reduced.

The pinna is an anatomic structure composed of a cartilage support framework covered with thin, hairless skin.

As the cartilage angle, between the concha cavum and the antitragus, becomes more acute ( i. e. as the antitragus tips closer towards the concha ), this supporting structure outwardly projects the lobule and the lower-third of the ear.

Mutations in the SLC26A2 gene alter the structure of developing cartilage, preventing bones from forming properly and resulting in the skeletal problems characteristic of diastrophic dysplasia.

Mutations in the SLC26A2 gene disrupt the structure of developing cartilage, preventing bones from forming properly and resulting in the skeletal problems characteristic of atelosteogenesis, type 2.

Particular care must be taken by the surgeon to not remove too much cartilage, as doing so can reduce the structure of the trachea and cause breathing difficulties.

The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx.

* The laminae of the thyroid cartilage: two leaflike plates of cartilage that make up the walls of the structure

Unlike back ribs or spare ribs, the structure of the rib is provided by dense costal cartilage, not bone.