* A two-channel microwave radiometer of the crystal video type operating in the standard Dicke mode of chopping between the main antenna, pointed at the target, and a reference horn pointed at cold space.

The microwave radiometer made three scans of Venus in 35 minutes on December 14, 1962 starting at 18: 59 UTC.

The limb darkening effect that the microwave radiometer detected was also present in the measurements by both channels of the infrared radiometer.

A microwave radiometer and an infrared radiometer and the radiometer reference horns were rigidly mounted to a 48 cm diameter parabolic radiometer antenna mounted near the bottom of the mast.

A microwave radiometer corrects any delay that may be caused by water vapor in the atmosphere.

The high electrical fields generated inside a microwave often can be illustrated by placing a radiometer or neon glow-bulb inside the cooking chamber, creating glowing plasma inside the low-pressure bulb of the device.

The liquid water path can be approximately retrieved from passive and active remote sensing such as microwave radiometer instruments, for example SSM / I.

A microwave radiometer ( MWR ) is a radiometer that measures energy emitted at sub-millimetre-to-centimetre wavelengths ( at frequencies of 1-1000 GHz ) known as microwaves.

The most common form of microwave radiometer was introduced by Robert Dicke in 1946.

In 1964, David Todd Wilkinson and Peter Roll, Dicke's colleagues at Princeton University, began constructing a Dicke radiometer to measure the cosmic microwave background.

During the Second World War he worked in the Radiation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he worked on the development of radar and designed the Dicke radiometer, a microwave receiver.

A microwave radiometer operates in the microwave wavelengths.

* ATSR-1 ( Along-Track Scanning Radiometer ) is a 4 channel infrared radiometer and microwave sounder for measuring temperatures at the sea-surface and the top of clouds.

The special sensor microwave / imager ( SSM / I ) is a seven-channel, four-frequency, linearly polarized passive microwave radiometer system.

For lower frequencies of EMR up to those of visible light ( i. e., radio, microwave, infrared ), the damage done to cells and also to many ordinary materials under such conditions is determined mainly by heating effects, and thus by the radiation power.

In general, EM radiation ( the designation ' radiation ' excludes static electric and magnetic and near fields ) is classified by wavelength into radio, microwave, infrared, the visible spectrum we perceive as visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

This happens both for infrared, microwave, and radio wave radiation.

Gallium arsenide, the primary use of gallium, is used in microwave circuitry and infrared applications.

In 1953, Charles Hard Townes and graduate students James P. Gordon and Herbert J. Zeiger produced the first microwave amplifier, a device operating on similar principles to the laser, but amplifying microwave radiation rather than infrared or visible radiation.

Generally, EM radiation, or EMR ( the designation ' radiation ' excludes static electric and magnetic and near fields ) is classified by wavelength into radio, microwave, infrared, the visible region that we perceive as light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.

* Sensors: microwave and infrared radiometers, cosmic dust, solar plasma and high-energy radiation, magnetic fields

Theoretical developments have gone hand in hand with developments in experimental methods, where the use of different forms of spectroscopy, such as infrared spectroscopy, microwave spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy, is probably the most important 20th century development.

According to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, electromagnetic radiations from ultraviolet to infrared, to radiofrequency ( including microwave ) radiation, static and time-varying electric and magnetic fields, and ultrasound belong to the non-ionizing radiations.

Techniques that employ electromagnetic radiation are typically classified by the wavelength region of the spectrum and include microwave, terahertz, infrared, near infrared, visible and ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma spectroscopy.

The Earth Resources Experiment Package ( EREP ), was used to view the Earth with sensors that recorded data in the visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions.

The scientific instruments on board the Mariner spacecraft were two radiometers ( one each for the microwave and infrared portions of the spectrum ), a micrometeorite sensor, a solar plasma sensor, a charged particle sensor, and a magnetometer.

Examples of this include microwave, radio or infrared.

The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage, radiowave, microwave, or infrared signal.

The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived " afterglow " emitted at longer wavelengths ( X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, microwave and radio ).

Photons involved in transitions may have energy of various ranges in the electromagnetic spectrum, such as X-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, or microwave radiation, depending on the type of transition.

* UHECR protons accelerated in astrophysical objects produce secondary electromagnetic cascades during propagation in the cosmic microwave and infrared backgrounds, of which the GZK-process of pion production is one of the contributors.

Examples of thermal radiation include the visible light and infrared light emitted by an incandescent light bulb, the infrared radiation emitted by animals and detectable with an infrared camera, and the cosmic microwave background radiation.

Another reference frame is provided by the Cosmic microwave background.

Chapter 1 contains a concise description of how dinners are cooked in the future, including reference to a " quickthaw ", which would now be called a microwave oven (" I grabbed two Syntho-Steaks out of the freezer and slapped them in quickthaw, added a big Idaho baked potato for Dad ... then stepped up the gain on the quickthaw so that the spuds would be ready when the steaks were.

Klystrons are used as amplifiers at microwave and radio frequencies to produce both low-power reference signals for superheterodyne radar receivers and to produce high-power carrier waves for applications such as radar and microwave relay transmitters, and the driving force for modern particle accelerators.

For most microwave systems, a completely non-directional isotropic antenna ( one which radiates equally and perfectly well in every direction – a physical impossibility ) is used as a reference antenna, and then one speaks of EIRP ( effective < i > isotropic </ i > radiated power ) rather than ERP.

Thermocouple sensors often require a reference DC or microwave power source for calibration before measuring ; this can be built into the power meter.

Examples from the reference source Jane's Military Communications include " text, audio and facsimile ", " Tactical and ground-based communications ", Terrestrial microwave and tropospheric scatter, " Naval and satellite communications systems and equipment ", Surveillance and signal analysis, Encryption and security

The E-plane and H-plane are reference planes for linearly polarized waveguides, antennas and other microwave devices.

Feed horns are used mainly at microwave ( SHF ) and higher frequencies in parabolic antennas.

They are used as feeders ( called feed horns ) for larger antenna structures such as parabolic antennas, as standard calibration antennas to measure the gain of other antennas, and as directive antennas for such devices as radar guns, automatic door openers, and microwave radiometers.

Tables showing dimensions for optimum horns for various frequencies are given in microwave handbooks.