* Crump, Gary A. Ammianus Marcellinus as a military historian.

While the British military historian Sir John Keegan suggested an ideal definition of battle as " something which happens between two armies leading to the moral then physical disintegration of one or the other of them ", the origins and outcomes of battles can rarely be summarized so neatly.

An historian in the 19th century suggested that the initiative of the Senate gave rise to the jealousy and suspicion of Gallienus, thus contributing in the exclusion of senators from military commands.

Military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge once famously called Hannibal the " father of strategy ", because his greatest enemy, Rome, came to adopt elements of his military tactics in its own strategic arsenal.

As one military historian notes:

Middle East historian Bernard Lewis argues that " the overwhelming majority of classical theologians, jurists, and traditionalists ( specialists in the hadith ) understood the obligation of jihad in a military sense.

* 1895 – B. H. Liddell Hart, British military historian ( d. 1970 )

As no master-mason is mentioned in the otherwise detailed records of the castle's construction, military historian Allen Brown has suggested that Richard himself was the overall architect ; this is supported by the interest Richard showed in the work through his frequent presence.

Allen Brown described Château Gaillard as " one of the finest castles in Europe " and military historian Sir Charles Oman wrote that:

As the historian Lord Kinross notes, " Not only was he a great military campaigner, a man of the sword, as his father and great-grandfather had been before him.

From a military standpoint, historian John Keegan notes exaggerations and myths that surround Shaka, but nevertheless maintains:

Stephen's military campaign in England had progressed well, and historian David Crouch describes it as " a military achievement of the first rank ".

* Video Clip: Sandhurst military historian analysing how King Hussein became involved in the Six Day War.

* Video Clip: Analysis of Israel's Sinai Campaign in 1967 by Sandhurst military historian.

In their book, Cobra II, military correspondent Michael R. Gordon and military historian and retired Marine Corps general Bernard Trainor argued that Franks failed to recognize the threat the Saddam Fedayeen irregular fighters posed to the invading ground forces in 2003 and their potential to form the core of a post-war insurgency.

Fred Graffen, military historian with the Canadian War Museum, estimated in Vietnam Magazine ( Perspectives ) that approximately 12, 000 of these personnel actually served in Vietnam.

* Dr Christopher Pugsley, military historian

A 2001 study by the Russian military historian G. F. Krivosheev estimated the total war dead at 2, 254, 369 ( Killed in action 1, 200, 000 ; missing and presumed dead 439, 369 ; died of wounds 240, 000, gassed 11, 000., died from disease 155, 000, POW deaths 190, 000, deaths due to accidents and other causes. 19, 000.

* October 31 – Basil Liddell Hart, British military historian ( d. 1970 )

** Charles Oman, British military historian ( d. 1946 )

** William Ledyard Rodgers, American admiral and military and naval historian ( d. 1944 )

* Zhu Quan, Chinese military commander, historian and playwright ( d. 1448 )

( Despite recent finds indicating a Roman presence near the modern city of Minden, its location remains disputed ; other sites near Minden or Rinteln have been suggested by the historian Hans Delbrück ( 1848 – 1929 ) and the military writer Kurt Pastenaci ( 1894 – 1961 ), respectively.

By 1943, after Italy faced multiple military failures, complete reliance and subordination of Italy to Germany, and Allied invasion of Italy, and corresponding international humiliation, Mussolini was removed as head of government and arrested by the order of King Victor Emmanuel III who proceeded to dismantle the Fascist state and declared Italy's switching of allegiance to the Allied side.

The biographer Aurelius Victor also reports that Gallienus forbade senators from becoming military commanders.

* December 15 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan ( b. 1636 )

* August 25 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan ( d. 1688 )

** The Carabinieri, the national military police of Italy, are founded by Victor Emmanuel I as the police force of the Kingdom of Sardinia.

Victoria was connected to Iuppiter Victor in his role as bestower of military victory.

Later Christian chroniclers and pre-20th century historians praised Charles Martel as the champion of Christianity, characterizing the battle as the decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe ; according to modern military historian Victor Davis Hanson, " most of the 18th and 19th century historians, like Gibbon, saw Poitiers ( Tours ), as a landmark battle that marked the high tide of the Muslim advance into Europe.

The lodge had among its members prominent journalists, members of parliament, industrialists, and military leaders — including Silvio Berlusconi, who later became Prime Minister of Italy ; the Savoy pretender to the Italian throne Victor Emmanuel ; and the heads of all three Italian intelligence services.

Victor Amadeus also undertook a number of military reforms.

When Victor Amadeus came to the throne in 1773 he started working on bureaucratic and military aspects of the reign.

Critics argue Napoleon's true legacy must reflect the loss of status for France and needless deaths brought by his rule: historian Victor Davis Hanson writes, " After all, the military record is unquestioned — 17 years of wars, perhaps six million Europeans dead, France bankrupt, her overseas colonies lost.

Based on testimonials of German civilians and military, as well as many interviews with British and American politicians and diplomats who participated at the Potsdam Conference, including Robert Murphy, the political adviser of General Eisenhower, Sir Geoffrey Harrison ( drafter of article XIII of the Potsdam Protocol concerning population transfers ), and Sir Denis Allen ( drafter of article IX on the provisional post-war borders ), the book also describes the crimes committed by the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Yugoslavia, at the end of World War II, and cites the condemnation of the expulsions by Bertrand Russell, Victor Gollancz, Bishop Bell of Chichester and other contemporary intellectuals.

The fourth-century historian Aurelius Victor described Maximian as " a colleague trustworthy in friendship, if somewhat boorish, and of great military talents ".

The battle of Rorke's Drift was given a chapter in military historian Victor Davis Hanson's book Carnage and Culture as one of several landmark battles demonstrating the superior effectiveness of Western military practices.

In French history, Austerlitz is acknowledged as an impressive military victory, and in the 19th century, when fascination with the First Empire was at its height, the battle was revered by the likes of Victor Hugo, who " in the depth of thoughts " was hearing the " noise of the heavy cannon rolling towards Austerlitz ".

* Reginald Victor Jones, physicist, scientific military intelligence expert and writer

This was done in order to block the military port of Toulon to help the army of Victor Amadeus II Duke of Savoy and his cousin Eugene besiege that city.

He frequently gave custom engraved versions of his revolvers, to heads of state, military officers, and personalities such as Giuseppe Garibaldi, King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, and Hungarian freedom fighter Lajos Kossuth.

** and therefore, Viet Cong ( VC ) soldiers were known in military slang as " Charlie ", short for " Victor Charlie " ( VC )

By now Victor Amadeus had come to fear the growth of Imperial military power and political influence in the region ( now more than he feared the French ) and the threat it posed to Savoyard independence.

In the early hours of 9 September, Badoglio, King Victor Emmanuel, some military ministries, and the Chief of the General Staff escaped to Pescara and Brindisi seeking Allied protection.

Victor Montiglio is known as a Pinochetist, and supports military auto-amnesty laws.

A politically charged song, it is a simplified version of Latin American history from the 1959 Cuban Revolution to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas of the 1980s, with mention of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Soviet-Afghan War, the Dalai Lama, and Victor Jara, referencing his death at the hands of the Chilean military dictatorship in the stadium that now bears his name.