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The modern technique of papyrus production used in Egypt for the tourist trade was developed in 1962 by the Egyptian engineer Hassan Ragab using plants that had been reintroduced into Egypt in 1872 from France.
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modern and technique
most modern adapters totally accept the world of a book, squeeze it dry of life, and add only one contribution of their own: stage technique.
Carl Boenish was the real catalyst behind modern BASE jumping, and in 1978, he filmed the first BASE jumps to be made using ram-air parachutes and the freefall tracking technique ( from El Capitan, in Yosemite National Park ).
Regarding breast-feeding capability after breast reduction surgery, studies reported that women who underwent breast reduction can retain the ability to nurse an infant child, when compared to women in a control group who underwent breast surgery using a modern pedicle surgical technique.
This is the simplest form of a technique known as instruction pipelining, and is utilized in almost all modern general-purpose CPUs.
Because of this, codes have fallen into disuse in modern cryptography, and ciphers are the dominant technique.
His technique relies heavily on the satirical poem with a joke in the last line, thus drawing him closer to the modern idea of epigram as a genre.
Use of 3270 is slowly diminishing over time as more and more mainframe applications acquire Web interfaces, but some web applications use the technique of " screen scraping " to capture old screens and transfer the data to modern front-ends.
Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery ( MIS ), bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions ( usually 0. 5 – 1. 5 cm ) as opposed to the larger incisions needed in laparotomy.
This technique is used for non-destructive inspection of devices with very small features such as those found in modern semiconductors.
In 1893 August Köhler developed a key technique for sample illumination, Köhler illumination, which is central to modern light microscopy.
* Multi-chip module, a modern technique that combines several complex computer chips into a single larger unit.
The modern pole vaulting technique was developed in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century.
Cameramen of the era insisted that their cranking technique was exactly 16 fps, but modern examination of the films shows this to be in error, that they often cranked faster.
In the case of modern television receivers, no other technique was able to produce the precise bandpass characteristic needed for vestigial sideband reception, similar to that used in the NTSC system approved by the U. S. Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) in 1953, and the PAL system approved by the BBC in 1957.
In the early modern period ( 17th and 18th centuries ), the system-building scope of philosophy is often linked to the rationalist method of philosophy, which is the technique of deducing the nature of the world by pure a priori reason.
Alexis Carrel at the beginning of 20th century first described the technique for vascular suturing and anastomosis and successfully performed many organ transplantations in animals ; he thus actually opened the way to modern vascular surgery that was before limited to vessels permanent ligatation.
In the modern jumping technique first developed by Gus Lussi and his pupil Dick Button, skaters are taught to jump up first, and then assume a back spin position in the air to complete the rotation.
Since a single integrated circuit can provide a complete phase-locked-loop building block, the technique is widely used in modern electronic devices, with output frequencies from a fraction of a hertz up to many gigahertz.
In the early modern period ( 17th and 18th centuries ), the system-building scope of philosophy is often linked to the ratioanlist method of philosophy, that is the technique of deducing the nature of the world by pure apriori reason.
Lebesgue's technique for turning a measure into an integral generalises easily to many other situations, leading to the modern field of measure theory.
Cutting was often used in traditional Japanese origami, but modern innovations in technique have made the use of cuts unnecessary.
However, the resolution of the DNA-DNA hybridization technique used by Sibley & Ahlquist was not sufficient to properly resolve the relationships in this group, and indeed it appears as if the Charadriiformes consititute a single large and very distinctive lineage of modern birds of their own.
Nineteenth century enthusiasts lauded Clementi as " the father of the pianoforte ," " father of modern piano technique ", and " father of Romantic pianistic virtuosity.
Acclaimed as the father of the pianoforte and modern piano technique, this complex and influential musician was also the first virtuoso on the instrument.
modern and papyrus
The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).
The next step was then to cut the folios, sew and glue them at their centers, making it easier to use the papyrus or vellum recto-verso as with a modern book.
The papyrus fragments are often recovered only through modern technology.
The modern lowercase shape goes back to the uncial form x14px, a form that developed during the 3rd century BC in ancient handwriting on papyrus, from a flattened-out form of the letter ( x16px ) that had its edges curved even further upwards.
Because parchment, prepared from animal hides, is far more durable than paper or papyrus, most palimpsests known to modern scholars are parchment, which rose in popularity in western Europe after the 6th century.
" Or so it seemed to modern scholars until the recent discovery of papyrus P. Oxy. 3965 in which Simonides is glimpsed in a sympotic context, speaking for example as an old man rejuvenated in the company of his homo-erotic lover, couched on a bed of flowers.
He is traditionally regarded as the inventor of paper and the papermaking process, in forms recognizable in modern times as paper ( as opposed to Egyptian papyrus ).
During the first half of the 20th century papyrus fragments of numerous lost Aeschylean plays, including the Myrmidons, were discovered that added much material to, and greatly altered the modern conception of, the dramatist's corpus.
The term is derived from Greek diphthera διφθέρα meaning book ( having as sheets membranes of goat skin, used along with papyrus as paper in antique Greece ) borrowed into Persian دفتر: daftar meaning book, registry, and in modern time office or bureau.
In ancient civilizations, books were often in the form of papyrus or parchment scrolls, which contained about the same amount of text as a typical chapter in a modern book.
The papyrus begins by addressing injuries to the head, and continues with treatments for injuries to neck, arms and torso, detailing injuries in descending anatomical order like a modern anatomical exposition.
The scroll of papyrus is called " volumen " in Latin, a word which signifies " circular movement ," " roll ," " spiral ," " whirlpool ," " revolution " ( similar, perhaps, to the modern English interpretation of " swirl ") and finally " a roll of writing paper, a rolled manuscript, or a book.
Roland Enmarch, author of a new translation of the papyrus, notes: " The broadest modern reception of Ipuwer amongst non-Egyptological readers has probably been as a result of the use of the poem as evidence supporting the Biblical account of the Exodus.
Indeed, the earliest known example of " paper folding " is an ancient Egyptian map, drawn on papyrus and folded into rectangular forms like a modern road map.
modern and production
However, its modern one-story layout is designed to increase our production capacity, permit more efficient manufacturing, and substantially reduce current repair and maintenance costs.
Companies of all types have made great advances in production capabilities and efficiencies -- in modern equipment and new processes, enlarged R & D facilities, faster new product development.
Mass production via assembly lines is widely considered to be the catalyst which initiated the modern consumer culture by making possible low unit cost for manufactured goods.
The first modern production technology for armour plating was used by navies in the construction of the Ironclad warship, reaching its pinnacle of development with the battleship.
He blamed Booker's 130 years of sugar production in the Caribbean for the region's modern poverty.
Pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals have become the modern focus of the city's industrial production.
Other modern applications of the cane toad include pregnancy testing, as pets, laboratory research, and the production of leather goods.
In modern times, couscous production is largely mechanized, and the product is sold in markets around the world.
The " Joseph Harding method " was the first modern system for Cheddar production based upon scientific principles.
Most modern high speed production engines are classified as " over square " or short-stroke, wherein the stroke is less than the diameter of the cylinder bore.
Although machines capable of performing all four arithmetic functions existed prior to the 19th century, the refinement of manufacturing and fabrication processes during the eve of the industrial revolution made large scale production of more compact and modern units possible.
Although modern steel outperforms these swords, microscopic chemical reactions in the production process may have made the blades extraordinary for their time.
This helps support distributism's argument that smaller units, families if possible, ought to be in control of the means of production, rather than the large units typical of modern economies.
The director described the production as a populist critique of modern American society, aimed at showing up the disparities between rich and poor.
The modern day graffiti artist can be found with an arsenal of various materials that allow for a successful production of a piece.
As the early modern period commenced in the late 15th century, many changes began to shock Europe that would have an effect on the production of grimoires ; the historian Owen Davies classed the most important of these as being the Protestant Reformation and subsequent Catholic Counter-Reformation, the witch-hunts and the advent of printing.
Where guilds were in control, they shaped labour, production and trade ; they had strong controls over instructional capital, and the modern concepts of a lifetime progression of apprentice to craftsman, journeyman, and eventually to widely-recognized master and grandmaster began to emerge.
A romance with superstitious elements, and moreover void of didactical intention, was considered a setback and not acceptable as a modern production.
He wrote that " the historical trend of our age is the fatal crisis which capitalist production has undergone in the European and American countries where it has reached its highest peak, a crisis that will end in its destruction, in the return of modern society to a higher form of the most archaic type — collective production and appropriation ".
Ricardo's theory was a predecessor of the modern theory that equilibrium prices are determined solely by production costs associated with " neo-Ricardianism ".
Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch was to assist Ernst Udet with aircraft production increases and introduction of more modern types of fighter aircraft.
Today, the rise of cheap mass production means that this is no longer true, and, though a few expert locksmiths are also engineers and capable of sophisticated repairs and renovation work, the vast majority of locks are repaired by swapping of parts or like-for-like replacement, or upgraded to modern mass-production items.
In fact, most modern production multihulls are officially rated as unsinkable, by various regulatory agencies around the world.
Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ), 52 modern rice varieties were released in the country between 1966 and 1997, helping increase national rice production to 14 million tons in 1987 and to 19 million tons in 1996.
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