Although the monarch had frequently asserted that the elections were to be without party significance, his action was an implicit admission that party identifications were a factor.

However, the sovereign was not Hobbes' absolute monarch but rather the parliamentary sovereign of Austin.

It was the mutual bond and obligation between monarch and subjects, whereby subjects are called his liege subjects, because they are bound to obey and serve him ; and he is called their liege lord, because he should maintain and defend them ( Ex parte Anderson ( 1861 ) 3 El & El 487 ; 121 ER 525 ; China Navigation Co v Attorney-General ( 1932 ) 48 TLR 375 ; Attorney-General v Nissan 1 All ER 629 ; Oppenheimer v Cattermole 3 All ER 1106 ).

After the American Revolution, the parishes in the newly independent country found it necessary to break formally from a church whose Supreme Governor was ( and remains ) the British monarch.

In the legends of the Peloponnesus, Agamemnon was regarded as the highest type of a powerful monarch, and in Sparta he was worshipped under the title of Zeus Agamemnon.

Hasan Ali Shah was on a hunting trip at the time, but he sent a messenger to request permission of the monarch to go to Mecca for the hajj pilgrimage.

Had Alexander, who was a strong monarch, lived, things might have worked out differently.

" This was another provision to avoid a Roman Catholic monarch.

Adrian Hilton, writing in The Spectator in 2003, defended the Act of Settlement as not " irrational prejudice or blind bigotry " but claimed that it was passed because " the nation had learnt that when a Roman Catholic monarch is upon the throne, religious and civil liberty is lost.

This was the beginning of a relationship between monarch and musician that would last until Joseph's death in 1790.

In England, an Oath of Abjuration was taken by Members of Parliament, clergy, and laymen, pledging to support the current British monarch and repudiated the right of the Stuarts and other claimants to the throne.

Frederick the Great ( 1712 – 1786 ) was one of Europe's enlightened monarch s.

Hegel's forecast of a constitutional monarch with very limited powers whose function is to embody the national character and provide constitutional continuity in times of emergency was reflected in the development of constitutional monarchies in Europe and Japan.

As originally conceived, a constitutional monarch was quite a powerful figure, head of the executive branch even though his or her power was limited by the constitution and the elected parliament.

Some of the framers of the US Constitution may have conceived of the president as being an elected constitutional monarch, as the term was understood in their time, following Montesquieu's account of the separation of powers.

Sun Yat-sen was declared as President, but Sun was forced to turn power over to Yuan Shikai, who commanded the New Army and was Prime Minister under the Qing government, as part of the agreement to let the last Qing monarch abdicate ( a decision Sun would later regret ).

The Constitution stipulated that Australia was a constitutional monarchy, where the Head of State is the British ( or, since 1942, Australian ) monarch, who is represented at the federal level by a Governor-General, and at the state level by six Governors, one for each state.

However only a small minority actually had a voice ; Parliament was elected by only a few percent of the population, ( less than 3 % as late as 1780 ), and the power to call parliament was at the pleasure of the monarch ( usually when he or she needed funds ).

The franchise was slowly increased and Parliament gradually gained more power until the monarch became largely a figurehead.

However, in the UK, the symbolism ends there, since the real governing authority of the monarch was all but extinguished by the Whig revolution of 1688-89 ( see Glorious Revolution ).

As a result, the town council was dependent on the monarch alone and had to help their lord ( auxilium ).

However, as the monarch is a constitutional one, he or she does not rule alone, as in an absolute monarchy.

Absolutism was underpinned by a written constitution for the first time in Europe in the 1665 Kongeloven (" King's Law ") of Denmark-Norway, whose § 2 ordered that the monarch shall from this day forth be revered and considered the most perfect and supreme person on the Earth by all his subjects, standing above all human laws and having no judge above his person, neither in spiritual nor temporal matters, except God alone.

This varying pattern continued in subsequent reigns ( and during the Commonwealth, when Cromwell gave the speech ), but from 1679 onwards it became the norm for the monarch alone to speak.

While the Duma held the power of legislation and the right to question the Tsar's ministers, it did not have control over their appointment or dismissal, which was reserved to the monarch alone.

This usage is a holdover from feudalism, which still forms the basis of all real-estate law in the English-speaking world, in which the monarch alone owned the allodial title to all the land within his kingdom.

As a house order it is not subject to ministerial responsibility or influence, but is awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone.

The order was instituted by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands in 1905 and is not subject to ministerial responsibility or influence, but is awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone.

An implication of these sections is that the monarch cannot act alone in disregard of the ministers, so the Danish monarch does not interfere in politics.

For example, in pre – World War II Japan, the Emperor alone was sovereign, while in other countries sovereignty is held or shared by the people collectively, legislature and / or monarch.

Făt-Frumos also displays some minimal abilities in performing miracles, as well as total commitment to the word given and to the monarch he serves.

They had wider authorities and responsibilities, such as accompanying those who would enter the court, accompanying the monarch himself at campaigns to protect him, performing arrests and executions, as well as guarding the prison allocated to political insurgents.

Inscriptions record that the new monarch studied sacred rituals, celebrated religious festivals and gave gifts to the priest such as palanquins, fans, crowns, buckets and rings.

Henry's son, Edward I, was the first monarch to keep the Maundy only on or about Maundy Thursday ; before Edward, additional Maundys might be kept during the year.

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country, especially in a military capacity.

Since the Early Modern period, the title of knight is purely honorific, usually bestowed by a monarch, as in the British honours system, often for non-military service to the country.

Senior members of the Royal Family may also be appointed — Prince Philip is a member, the most senior at present in terms of service, and is the only present member not to be appointed by the current monarch, having been appointed to the council by her father.

Some references to the monarch and the monarchy were removed from the public eye and moves were made by the federal government to constitutionally alter the Crown's place and role in Canada, first by explicit legal amendments and later by subtle attrition impelled by elements of the public service, the Cabinet, and governors general and their staff alike.

This invention not only aided reformers in spreading their religious texts, it also made redundant the monasteries ' most valuable service to the monarch: their painstaking copying of manuscripts.

None of the 2, 600 entries were good enough, so Hill launched the service in 1840 with an envelope bearing a reproduction of a design created by the artist William Mulready and a stamp bearing a representation of the profile of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria.

Beginning in 1699 the monarch did not attend the service, sending an official in his place.

After removing the populist regime of Mohammad Mosaddeq ( which was originally focused on nationalizing Iran's oil industry but also set out to weaken the Shah's power ) from power on 19 August 1953, in a coup, the monarch, Mohammad Reza Shah, established an intelligence service with police powers.

Honours and titles are bestowed by the monarch in recognition of service to the state ( example: scientist Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield ).

In the UK " Remembrance Day " is held on November the 11th and is focused mostly on the veterans who died in service to the monarch and country.

The Royal Victorian Order () is a dynastic order of knighthood recognising distinguished personal service to the order's Sovereign, the reigning monarch of the Commonwealth realms, any members of their family, or any of their viceroys.

There are no limits on the number of inductees, and admission remains the personal gift of the monarch, with each of the organisation's five hierarchical grades and one medal with three levels representing different levels of service.

Although there was no religious service ( the visit was to a flower show ) it was highly symbolic as the first visit of a reigning monarch of the United Kingdom to a Catholic church in the nation since the Reformation.

In medieval Western Europe, the most able warriors were pressed into service as the personal bodyguards to the monarch and other members of the royal or imperial household ; as a result, Household troops are commonly referred to as Guards.

A dalmatic is also worn by the British monarch during the Coronation service.

A jagir ( Devanagari: ज ा ग ी र, Persian: جاگیر, ja-meaning " place ",-gir meaning " keeping, holding ") was a type of feudal land grant in South Asia bestowed by a monarch to a Sardar ( Minister / Count ) in recognition of his loyal service to the Crown.

After the Norman conquest of England, however, all the land of England was owned by the monarch who then granted the use of it by means of a transaction known as enfeoffment, to earls, barons, and others, in return for military service.

During his service at the Imperial Russian-trained Iranian Cossack Brigade, one of his military superiors was Reza Khan, who later became the Iranian monarch.

* In the Royal Afghan Kingdom, the original Nishan-i-Sardari ( Order of the Leader ), founded by King Amanullah in 1923, was bestowed for exceptional service to the Crown by the Afghan monarch.

March 1954 saw Queen Elizabeth II tour Victoria by Royal Train, the first time a reigning monarch had travelled on the VR, 1954 also saw the last steam locomotive to enter service, J class 559, as well as the last four wheeled open wagons being built.

Royal Guards have historically comprised both purely ceremonial units serving in close proximity to the monarch, as well as regiments from all arms, forming a designated substantial elite and intended for active service as part of the army.

However there was no precedent for a female monarch in England and feudalism was based on military service.

He entered into the service of the Austrian monarch Ferdinand I in approximately 1552.