The monks, then kneeling, gave him the kiss of peace on the hand, and rising, on the mouth, the abbot holding his staff of office.

This then is our earliest evidence of monks praying the Psalms as the main part of their daily scripted and Scriptural prayer regimen: the Desert Fathers.

The alphabet, first described completely by Spanish monks, was adopted by the Abbé de l ' Épée's deaf school in Paris in the 18th century, and was then spread to deaf communities around the world in the 19th and 20th centuries via educators who had learned it in Paris.

While in Rome he assisted at a council then being held concerning certain questions on " the life and monastic peace of monks ", and, on his departure, took with him to England the decree of the council together with letters from the pope to Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury, and to all the clergy, to King Ethelbert of Kent, and to all the English people " concerning what was to be observed by the Church of England ".

Afterwards the monks would retire for a few hours of sleep and then rise at 6am to wash and attend the office of Prime.

This forced the monks to flee once again ; first to Gandhara, and then to Kosambi in central India where the monks apparently ended up quarrelling and slaughtering each other.

The monks then returned to the Sakkudion Monastery, but were forced back to the capital in either 797 or 798 on account of an Arab raid on Bithynia.

They then moved south to East Anglia, on the way attacking the monasteries of Bardney, Croyland and Medeshampstede where, according to tradition, their army slew 80 monks.

In the 5th century monks established a plantation of Stone pine, for use as a source of fuel and food, in the then Byzantine Romagna on the Adriatic coast.

The abbot and remaining forty monks were pensioned off and then the buildings were looted.

The Augustinians, were then a comparatively new order, which ordained priests, but lived in community similar in style to monks.

The monks of the Order of the Recoletos arrived in this area, then the outskirts of Buenos Aires, in the early eighteenth century.

An Armenian archbishop, then visiting England, was asked by the monks of St Albans Abbey about the celebrated Joseph of Arimathea, who had spoken to Jesus, and was reported to be still alive.

If no scriptorium was available, then “ separate little rooms were assigned to book copying ; they were situated in such a way that each scribe had to himself a window open to the cloister walk .” The separation of these monks from the rest of the cloister indicates just how revered these monks were within their society.

From then on, all dissolutions that were not a consequence of convictions for treason, were legally " voluntary "-a principle that was taken a stage further with the voluntary surrender of Lewes priory in November 1537, when for the first time the monks were offered life pensions if they co-operated, and were not accorded the option of transfer to another house.

It is said that the Normans, probably led by one of William's knights named Belasius ( Belsar ), then bribed the monks of the island to reveal a safe route across the marshes, resulting in Ely's capture.

These priests and monks were brought to Brielle where they were hanged and were from then on known as the Martyrs of Gorkum.

Theodore conducted a survey of the English church, appointed various bishops to sees that had been vacant for some time, and then called the Synod of Hertford to institute reforms concerning the proper celebration of Easter, episcopal authority, itinerant monks, the regular convening of subsequent synods, marriage and prohibitions of consanguinity, and others.

The OCA began when eight Russian Orthodox monks established a mission in Alaska, then part of Russian America, in 1794.

Her order established the Bridgettine Order's cloister in Maribo, when in 1416 monks from Vadstena cloister were sent to Maribo, then called Skimminge, to help establish a cloister.

It was then permitted to eat meat and more private living accommodation was created for the monks, and the abbot now had a substantial private household.

The monks then proceeded to elect Silvester as the new abbot, but Theobald refused to confirm the election, accusing Silvester of buying the office.

The monks then elected Stephen Langton, with Innocent's approval.

The wealth of manuscripts probably written on screwpine leaves that Maldivian monks in their Buddhist monasteries must have produced was either burnt or otherwise so thoroughly eliminated that it has disappeared without leaving any trace.

The number of monks rose to over two hundred, and the library, the manuscripts produced in the scriptorium and the school of manuscript illuminators became famous throughout the West.

The same mountain range lends its name to the alcoholic cordial Chartreuse produced by the monks since the 1740s which itself gives rise to the name of the colour.

Later, churches owned vineyards and monks produced wine for use in the sacrament of Eucharist.

Port-du-Salut or Entrammes is a mild variety of smear-ripened cheese manufactured from cow's milk first made by monks in the early 18th century and still produced in monasteries throughout France.

Regardless of which theory is true, it is certain that the Book of Kells was produced by Columban monks closely associated with the community at Iona.

Folio 32v of the Book of Kells which may have been produced by the monks of Iona and taken to Ireland for safekeeping after repeated Viking raids of the Hebrides.

At the same time, a corporation in Voiron that obtained the Chartreuse assets produced a liqueur without benefit of the monks ' recipe which they sold as Chartreuse, but all attempts to reproduce real Chartreuse failed.

Today, the liqueurs are produced in Voiron using the herbal mixture prepared by two monks at Grande Chartreuse.

Also derived from the mountain range's name is that of the alcoholic cordial Chartreuse produced by the monks since the 1740s, and of the chartreuse colour, named after the drink.

Buddhist monks who produced Sanskrit-Chinese translations of sutras faced many linguistic difficulties:

At the start of the medieval period most significant works of art were very rare and costly objects associated with secular elites, monasteries or major churches, and if religious, largely produced by monks.

With vast land holdings, the monks were able to conduct large scale observation of the influences that various parcels of land had on the wine it produced.

The monks produced forged documents to defend their position and were unhappy with the failure of their claim on Hastings In 1086 the King called his sons, barons and bishops to court ( the last time an English king presided personally, with his full court, to decide a matter of law ) to settle this.

The Thammayut Nikaya has produced two particularly highly revered forest monks: Phra Ajahn Sao Kantasilo Mahathera ( 1861 – 1941 ) and Phra Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta ( 1870 – 1949 ).

The book was produced at Lindisfarne and brought to Durham when the monks of Lindisfarne removed to Durham because of Viking attacks.

Chusclan-Wine in Chusclan has been produced by both roman legionnaires and benedectine monks and it was served at royal tables.

Previously thought to have been produced by the monks of Langley Abbey, examinations of the illuminations suggest that the Antiphoner was actually manufactured by a Norwich workshop.

This threat and the expulsion of a large number of monks produced a certain degree of peace.

Another attraction is the Abbey of Notre-Dame du Lac, famous for its Oka cheese produced by Trappists monks living at the monastery.

Nearby are the Maijishan Grottoes filled with thousands of Buddhist sculptures, represented by figures as Sakyamuni and Avalokitesvara, produced in as early as the Wei Dynasty and as late as the Song Dynasty by Buddhist monks who first came here via the North Silk Road and, later on, by local Buddhists, for worship purposes.

The text attempts to synthesise native Confucian ideals with Buddhist teachings and was probably produced by Chinese Buddhist monks in imitation of the Confucian Classic of Filial Piety.

The wealth of manuscripts probably written on screwpine leaves that Maldivian monks in their Buddhist monasteries must have produced was either burnt or otherwise so thoroughly eliminated that it has disappeared without leaving any trace.

It is claimed that at the Benedictine Abbey of Fécamp in Normandy, monks had developed a medicinal aromatic herbal beverage which was produced until the abbey's devastation during the French Revolution, but in fact Alexandre Le Grand invented the recipe himself, helped by a local chemist, and he told this story to connect the liqueur with the city history to increase sales.