Pope Pius the Sixth, at Rome, in April, 1778, wrote the following: `` The faithful should be excited to the reading of the Holy Scriptures: For these are the most abundant sources which ought to be left open to everyone, to draw from them purity of morals and of doctrine, to eradicate errors which are so widely disseminated in these corrupt times ''.

Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0. 93 % ( 9, 300 ppm ), making it approximately 23. 8 times as abundant as next most common atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide ( 390 ppm ), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon ( 18 ppm ).

This class is by far the most abundant.

Sea-lions, harbor seals, and the sea otters are the most abundant marine mammals.

Lipostraca contains a single species, Lepidocaris rhyniensis, which is the most abundant animal in the Rhynie chert desposits.

The most abundant one is methyl bromide ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub > Br ) with an estimated 56, 000 tonnes produced by marine algae each year.

The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells.

On the northwest side of the island, the most abundant species are Cenchrus echinatus, Sida rhombifolia, and Corchorus aestuans.

Hydrogen and helium are by far the most abundant elements in the universe.

However, iron is the most abundant element ( by mass ) making up the Earth, and oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.

It is the second most abundant halogen and 21st most abundant chemical element in Earth's crust.

As a major material used in mineralization of bone, teeth and shells, calcium is the most abundant metal by mass in many animals.

The most abundant isotope, < sup > 40 </ sup > Ca, has a nucleus of 20 protons and 20 neutrons.

Chromium is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust with an average concentration of 100 ppm.

Naturally occurring chromium is composed of three stable isotopes ; < sup > 52 </ sup > Cr, < sup > 53 </ sup > Cr and < sup > 54 </ sup > Cr with < sup > 52 </ sup > Cr being the most abundant ( 83. 789 % natural abundance ).

The largest and most abundant solutional caves are located in limestone.

In the universe, argon-36 is by far the most common argon isotope, being the preferred argon isotope produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in supernovas.

Six astatine isotopes, with mass numbers of 214 to 219, are present in nature as the products of various decay routes of heavier elements, but neither the most stable isotope of astatine ( with mass number 210 ) nor astatine-211 ( which is used in medicine ) is produced naturally.

The second important berkelium isotope, berkelium-247, is an alpha-emitter, as are most actinide isotopes.

It is a synthetic element whose most stable known isotope, < sup > 270 </ sup > Bh, has a half-life of 61 seconds.

In supernova explosions, calcium is formed from the reaction of carbon with various numbers of alpha particles ( helium nuclei ), until the most common calcium isotope ( containing 10 helium nuclei ) has been synthesized.

Californium-252, with a half-life of about 2. 64 years, is the most common isotope used and is produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States and the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Russia.

It is a synthetic element ( an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature ) and radioactive ; the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of approximately 28 hours.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope,, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta decay.

Its most common isotope einsteinium-253 ( half life 20. 47 days ) is produced artificially from decay of californium-252 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with a total yield on the order of one milligram per year.

Owing to the small amounts of produced einsteinium and the short half-life of its most easily produced isotope, there are currently almost no practical applications for it outside of basic scientific research.

Perey named the new isotope actinium-K ( now referred to as francium-223 ) and in 1946, she proposed the name catium for her newly discovered element, as she believed it to be the most electropositive cation of the elements.

Isotopes with atomic masses lower than the most abundant stable isotope, < sup > 158 </ sup > Gd, primarily decay via electron capture to Eu ( europium ) isotopes.

The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium ( name rarely used, symbol < sup > 1 </ sup > H ) with a single proton and no neutrons.

Iron's very common presence in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production as a result of fusion in high-mass stars, where the production of nickel-56 ( which decays to the most common isotope of iron ) is the last nuclear fusion reaction that is exothermic.

Only one of them is stable and one has half-life exceeding 10 < sup > 14 </ sup > years ; the most stable other indium isotope is indium-111, which has half-life of approximately 2. 8 days.

Indium also has 47 meta states, out of which indium-114m1 is the most stable, being more stable than ground state of any indium isotope, except for the primordial ones.

Naturally occurring lanthanum is composed of one stable (< sup > 139 </ sup > La ) and one radioactive (< sup > 138 </ sup > La ) isotope, with the stable isotope, < sup > 139 </ sup > La, being the most abundant ( 99. 91 % natural abundance ).

All isotopes of lawrencium are radioactive ; its most stable known isotope is lawrencium-262, with a half-life of approximately 3. 6 hours.

The most abundant isotope of iron has 26 protons and 30 neutrons, so one might expect its atomic weight to be 56 times that of the hydrogen atom, but in fact, its atomic weight is only 55. 9383 u, which is clearly not an integer multiple of 1. 007825.

Molybdenum-98 is the most abundant isotope, comprising 24. 14 % of all molybdenum.

In mass spectrometry, the molecular mass of a small molecule is usually reported as the monoisotopic mass, that is, the mass of the molecule containing only the most common isotope of each element.

With an average atomic weight of ( for hydrogen-1 ), hydrogen is the lightest element and its monatomic form ( H < sub > 1 </ sub >) is the most abundant chemical substance, constituting roughly 75 % of the Universe's baryonic mass.

However, the exact mass of hydrogen-1 ( the most common hydrogen isotope ) is 1. 00783, and the exact mass of oxygen-16 ( the most common oxygen isotope ) is 15. 9949, so the mass of the most common molecule of water is 18. 01056 u.

* In physics and chemistry, protium refers to hydrogen-1, the most common isotope of the element hydrogen, with one proton and no neutrons

The nucleus of tritium ( sometimes called a triton ) contains one proton and two neutrons, whereas the nucleus of protium ( by far the most abundant hydrogen isotope ) contains one proton and no neutrons.

As a consequence, most fusion reactions combine isotopes of hydrogen (" protium ", deuterium, or tritium ) to form isotopes of helium ( or ) as the fusion end product.

To create this effect, a stream of negative muons, most often created by decaying pions, is sent to a block that may be made up of all three hydrogen isotopes ( protium, deuterium, and / or tritium ), where the block is usually frozen, and the block may be at temperatures of about 3 kelvin (− 270 degrees Celsius ) or so.