The gradual Christianization of the Bulgarian population, the fact that the service was initially practiced in Greek, which only the elite knew, resulted in a low level of understanding of the religion among the peasantry.

Throughout the Japanese medieval period, the worship of Hachiman spread throughout Japan among not only samurai, but also the peasantry.

Writing in 1911, the anonymous author of Vinogradoff's biography in the Encyclopædia Britannica thought that Vinogradoff's Villainage in England ( 1892 ) is perhaps the most important book written on the peasantry of the feudal age and the village community in England ; it can only be compared for value with FW Maitland's Domesday Book and Beyond.

Like the Chinese Red Army of Mao Zedong, Savimbi mobilized important, although ethnically confined segments of the rural peasantry as part of his military tactics.

Also important in this early circle was Wilhelm Wolff, a talented and radical writer hailing from the Silesian peasantry who had been forced to emigrate due to his agitation against the Prussian autocracy.

General Barrientos was quite charismatic, and was throughout his presidency popular with ordinary Bolivians, aided by the fluency with which he spoke Quechua, the most important native language among the Bolivian peasantry.

Even after independence, the struggles of the peasantry formed an important part in the history of the state.

O ' Neill went ahead and started the rebellion in the north, capturing the important fort of Charlemont, but quickly found that he could not control the Irish Catholic peasantry he had raised.

Although Rebecca had failed to produce an immediate effect on the lives of the farmers she had sought to serve, the very nature of a leaderless uprising of the downtrodden peasantry in an attempt to obtain justice from an unfair system, was an important socio-political event within Wales.

His most important domestic measure was the chaining of the peasantry to the soil, a measure directed against the ever increasing migration of the down-trodden serfs to the steppes, where they became freebooters instead of taxpayers.

In his view, differences between such orders as the noblesse d ' épée ( nobility of the sword ) and the noblesse de robe ( nobility of the robe ) were more important than differences between the nobility and the peasantry.

Faced with large debts accumulated during the reign of his father, John George instituted a grain tax which drove part of the peasantry into dependence on a nobility that was exempt from taxation.

The effect of circumstances on manorial economy is complex and at times contradictory: upland conditions tended to preserve peasant freedoms ( livestock husbandry in particular being less labour-intensive and therefore less demanding of villein services ); on the other hand, some upland areas of Europe showed some of the most oppressive manorial conditions, while lowland eastern England is credited with an exceptionally large free peasantry, in part a legacy of Scandinavian settlement.

Regional peasantry supplied the city with food and raw materials, while the craftsmen in the city produced handicrafts, most of whom lived by the central square Stortorget or by the oldest two streets in Stockholm, the names of which still reflects their trade: Köpmangatan (" Merchant's Street ") and Skomakargatan (" Shoemaker's Street ") in the central part of the city.

( Pierre-Etienne Will, Bureaucracy and Famine ) Qing China carried out its relief efforts, which included vast shipments of food, a requirement that the rich open their storehouses to the poor, and price regulation, as part of a state guarantee of subsistence to the peasantry ( known as ming-sheng ).

Although only a small minority in Russian society, the proletariat would lead a revolution to emancipate the peasantry and thus " secure the support of the peasantry " as part of that revolution, on whose support it will rely.

The introduction of subsidies and the removal of financial burdens from the peasantry were populist, but were also part of al-Bakr's plan of creating a patrimonial system with himself at the top.

This final chapter of Haydamaka history was unique in large part due to the support the rebellion enjoyed not only among the peasantry, but also among the Poles and the Jews marginalized and rendered destitute by the Russian Empire.

He was the first rector of the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West. As an economist, he was an expert in agriculture and took part in the preparation of the Bolshevik program with respect to the peasantry.

His culture, his temperament, his language, his religion, are all different ... to eliminate ( Ukrainian ) nationalism ... the Ukrainian peasantry was sacrificed ... a famine was necessary for the Soviet and so they got one to order ... if the Soviet program succeeds completely, if the intelligentsia, the priest, and the peasant can be eliminated Ukraine will be as dead as if every Ukrainian were killed, for it will have lost that part of it which has kept and developed its culture, its beliefs, its common ideas, which have guided it and given it a soul, which, in short, made it a nation ...

Again, the resistance to Napoleon was “ never a popular, national war .” He states in his book that “ there was no mass participation by the peasantry in the guerilla bands and in their activities, and their part in the campaign was strictly limited .” According to Tarle, “… it is clear that if the Spanish guerilla warfare might justifiably be called a national war, it would be impossible to apply this term to any Russian movement in the war of 1812 .” Tarle supported his interpretation by “ denying that the peasants fought against the French and describing the burning of Smolensk and Moscow as systematic acts of the Russian army in retreat .” Naturally, Tarle also gave references to Lenin ’ s words on Napoleon in his book.

Because of its association with peasantry, the pitchfork is often a populist symbol and part of the nickname of populist leaders, thus:

This supposedly opposition to capitalist modernity on the part of the movement has led authors to ascertain that the MST activities express, in a way, the decline of a traditional peasantry, and its desire of restoring traditional communal rights.

Major nobles in turn granted lands to smaller landowners in return for homage and further military support, and eventually the peasantry held land in return for local labour services, creating a web of loyalties and resources enforced in part by new honorial courts.

The members of Land and Liberty saw peasantry as the principal revolutionary force, as opposed to the working class, which would have to play a part of the " second fiddle ".

As part of his reflection on post-1900 realities, Pătrăşcanu contended that, relatively delayed in comparison to economies of the Western world, Romania had become subject to " primitive accumulation of capital ", where the role of colonialism was taken by exploitation of the peasantry.

We wish to take part in the fight in the name of an underprivileged working class, the peasantry.

After the failure of the Shanghai Uprising in 1927, Fang returned to Jiangxi, where he worked in organizing the peasantry and urged them to take part in armed uprisings.

A crucial point was that unlike in Galicia or Congress Poland the peasantry took active and decisive part on behalf of Polish resistance.

Vyacheslav Molotov, an influential member of the Politburo, for his part declared: " Georgia provides a startling example of the breach between the Party and the mass of the peasantry in the country.

Many historians have wondered whether this unique conjugal regime might explain, in part, why capitalism first took root in Northwestern Europe, contributing to the region's relatively low mortality rates, hastening the fragmentation of the peasantry and the precocious formation of a mobile class of landless wage-earners.

The Champaran agitation pitted the local peasantry against their largely British landlords who were backed by the local administration.

The peasantry was forced to grow Indigo, a cash crop whose demand had been declining over two decades, and were forced to sell their crops to the planters at a fixed price.

Here, he discovered that the peasantry were becoming increasingly restless as a result of the social and political upheaval of the past decade, with some seizing land from wealthy landowners and founding their own communes.

The peasantry were consequently faced with the higher cost of purchases, but made no corresponding gain in the sale of their own produce, since this was largely taken by the middlemen on whom they depended.

Under his rule, the empire became a huge military machine and the nobles and their contingents multiplied almost fourfold, as did the demands for more revenue from the peasantry.

Gladstone wrote on 16 July 1892 in his autobiographica that " In 1834 the Government ... did themselves high honour by the new Poor Law Act, which rescued the English peasantry from the total loss of their independence ".

" Garfield warned of the dangers of blacks ' rights being taken away and their becoming " a permanent disfranchised peasantry.

Garfield believed that their rights were being eroded by southern white resistance and illiteracy, and was vitally concerned that blacks would become America's permanent " peasantry ".

By the sixteenth century the growth of population and prosperity provided incentives for landowners to use their land in more profitable ways, dispossessing the peasantry.

It is also said that he hated serfdom at heart and would have liked to destroy it, as well as detesting the tyranny of the Baltic squires over their " emancipated " peasantry.

He also did not support their clericalism and they did not support his calls for the emancipation of the peasantry.

In response, the rural peasantry throughout France lobbied for the relaxation of protective tariffs on grain, in order to lower prices and ease their economic situation.

The resulting large land-to-labour ratio combined with Eastern Europe's vast, sparsely populated areas gave the lords an incentive to bind the remaining peasantry to their land.

Broadly speaking, the French influence in Cajun cuisine is descended from various French Provincial cuisines of the peasantry, while Creole cuisine evolved in the homes of well-to-do aristocrats, or those who imitated their lifestyle.

Though Cincinnatus was initially able to prevent their enactment, Terentilius attempted to use the upheaval associated with the war effort to push through a series of reforms which were specifically to benefit the proletarii and peasantry, including a proposal to draw up a code of written laws applicable equally to patricians and plebeians — an early push for what would eventually become the Ten or Twelve Tables.

Contrary to advice from Lenin and the Bolsheviks, Béla Kun's government refused to redistribute land to the peasantry, thereby alienating the majority of their support in Hungary.

When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.

First it led the dukes to weaken their chariot-riding nobility so they could get direct access to the peasantry who could be drafted as infantry.

Christian's central domestic act was the introduction of the so-called adscription of 1733 ( in Danish, stavnsbånd ), a law that forced peasants to remain in their home regions, and by which the peasantry was subject to both the local nobility and the army.

It was also widely supported by the Hausa peasantry who felt over-taxed and oppressed by their rulers.

Under the Song Dynasty, the unprecedented development of large estates, whose owners managed to evade paying their share of taxes, resulted in an increasingly heavy burden of taxation on the peasantry.

Although the taxed peasantry was represented in the Parliament, their influence was disproportionately small while commoners without taxed property had no suffrage at all.

The elections held on the demise of the Crown resulted in a Gustav's partial victory for the Caps, especially among the lower orders ; but in the estate of the peasantry their majority was merely nominal, while the mass of the nobility was dead against them.