By 1849, Merrick & Towne in Philadelphia were offering sugar makers a choice of three different multiple-effect evaporation systems.

The solar humidification-dehumidification ( HDH ) process ( also called the multiple-effect humidification-dehumidification process, solar multistage condensation evaporation cycle ( SMCEC ) or multiple-effect humidification ( MEH ), is a technique that mimics the natural water cycle on a shorter time frame by evaporating and condensing water to separate it from other substances.

A multiple-effect evaporator, as defined in chemical engineering, is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water.

Norbert Rillieux ( March 17, 1806 – October 8, 1894 ), a Creole American inventor and engineer, is most noted for his invention of the multiple-effect evaporator, an energy-efficient means of evaporating water.

The lime and other suspended solids are settled out, and the clarified juice is concentrated in a multiple-effect evaporator to make a syrup with about 60 weight percent sucrose.

In a multiple-effect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last.

The multiple-effect evaporator was invented by American inventor and engineer Norbert Rillieux.

* A detection system for single ions for field evaporation.

The Lake Eyre Basin is a large endorheic system surrounding the lakebed, the lowest part of which is filled with the characteristic salt pan caused by the seasonal expansion and subsequent evaporation of the trapped waters.

Techniques to do this include the process of sputtering, in which an ion beam liberates atoms from a target, allowing them to move through the intervening space and deposit on the desired substrate, and Evaporation ( deposition ), in which a material is evaporated from a target using either heat ( thermal evaporation ) or an electron beam ( e-beam evaporation ) in a vacuum system.

Meanwhile, the leakage, evaporation, sublimation and backstreaming rates continue to produce a constant throughput into the system.

The ink system requires active solvent regulation to counter solvent evaporation during the time of flight ( time between nozzle ejection and gutter recycling ), and from the venting process whereby air that is drawn into the gutter along with the unused drops is vented from the reservoir.

The body's cooling system will produce perspiration in an effort to keep the body at its normal temperature even when the rate it is producing sweat exceeds the evaporation rate.

The rate of evaporation from a leaf can be determined using a photosynthesis system.

In 1881, at the age of 75, Rillieux made one last foray into sugar evaporation when he adapted his multiple effect evaporation system to extract sugar from sugar beets.

They also have a system of evaporation.

The use of oil presents several advantages over the open culture system: it allows for several oocytes and embryos to be cultured simultaneously, but observed separately, in the same dish ; it minimizes evaporation ( therefore concentration and pH changes ) of the medium ; it allows for a significant reduction of the medium volume used ( as few as 20 microlitres per oocyte instead of several millilitres for the batch culture ); and it serves as a temperature buffer minimizing thermal shock to the cells while the dish is taken out of the incubator for observation.

Following its isolation from the Colorado River system, Lake Manly receded by evaporation with Badwater Basin, Middle Basin, and Cotton Ball Marsh occupying the space left behind.

The water they collect would otherwise have gone down the drainage system, into the ground or been lost to the atmosphere through evaporation.

However, in an endorheic basin, rain ( or other precipitation ) that falls within it does not flow out but may only leave the drainage system by evaporation and seepage.

Because of the Sudd swamp, the water from the southwestern tributaries ( the Bahr el Ghazal system ) for all practical purposes does not reach the main river and is lost through evaporation and transpiration.

Approximately 60 % is consumed through transpiration by plants, 36 % by evaporation, 2 % percolates into the aquifer system ; and 2 % flows into Lake Ngami.

The irrigation districts are now improving their irrigation system by changing most canals to pipelines in order to decrease contamination, spillage, and evaporation.

This system is based on positive feedback ( the deposit of pheromone attracts other ants that will strengthen it themselves ) and negative ( dissipation of the route by evaporation prevents the system from thrashing ).

Quantitatively, the material balance around a wet, evaporative cooling tower system is governed by the operational variables of makeup flow rate, evaporation and windage losses, draw-off rate, and the concentration cycles.

Lake Titicaca basin's drainage system, for the most part, is able to provide Titicaca with enough water to retain its status as a freshwater lake although its evaporation rate is so high.

Solvent remaining after rotary evaporation can be removed by exposing the sample to even deeper vacuum, on a more tightly sealed vacuum system, at ambient or higher temperature ( e. g., on a Schlenk line or in a vacuum oven ).

The ink became a new writing system, drying by absorption rather than evaporation, when used with the Parker 51 pen, which was introduced ten years after Quink's release into the marketplace.

According to The New York Times, Mr. Holmes also said that 70 percent of the spill would be gone in three days due to the natural evaporation rate of kerosene.

Heating liquid in an open container results in rapidly increased evaporation, which concentrates the remaining flavor and ingredients – this is a critical component of both stewing and sauce making.

In some considerations, hydrology is thought of as starting at the land-atmosphere boundary and so it is important to have adequate knowledge of the both precipitation and evaporation.

In 1800, Dalton became a secretary of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and in the following year he orally presented an important series of papers, entitled " Experimental Essays " on the constitution of mixed gases ; on the pressure of steam and other vapours at different temperatures, both in a vacuum and in air ; on evaporation ; and on the thermal expansion of gases.

Other improvements to the vacuum flask include the vapor-cooled radiation shield and the vapor-cooled neck, which both help to reduce evaporation from the flask.

Throughout both processes, the temperature and pressure stay in the relationship shown by this boundary curve unless one phase is entirely consumed by evaporation or condensation, or unless the critical point is reached.

Since joining the Physics and Astronomy Departments in Berkeley in 1974, he has devoted much of his research to studying processes in the interstellar medium, including evaporation of clouds, the structure of shock waves in atomic and molecular gas, and the dynamics of blast waves in both homogeneous and inhomogeous media.

The air from the qanat was drawn into the tunnel at some distance away and is cooled both by contact with the cool tunnel walls / water and by the giving up latent heat of evaporation as water evaporates into the air stream.

These include the hot deserts located broadly in sub-tropical regions, where the accumulation of water is largely prevented by either low precipitations, or high evaporation, or both, as well as cold deserts near the poles, where water may be permanently locked in solid forms ( snow and ice ).

Resultant evaporation rates as well as a tendency for strong winds to blow the water back on itself explain the mysterious filling and drying episodes on both short term ( hours ) and long term ( years ) time scales that have been observed.

However this is disputed, and it is argued that stromatolites older than 3, 200 mya are not the result of living organisms ( the definition of stromatolites includes both living and abiotic causes ), the small conical structures in the Strelley Pool formation ( Warrawoona Group ) being formed by evaporation and a dome structure from the North Pole chert ( also Warrawoona Group ) being formed by soft-sediment deformation.

It is predicted that the mean global temperature will rise in the coming years due to a number of forces affecting the climate, the amount of atmospheric CO2 will rise, and both of these will influence water resources ; evaporation depends strongly on temperature and moisture availability, which can ultimately affect the amount of water available to replenish groundwater supplies.

Next along the route are Cargill's ( formerly Leslie's ) salt evaporation ponds on both sides of the track where the train turns to the northwest.

( For instance, both DMF and DMSO will boil below 50 ° C if the vacuum is reduced from 760 torr to 5 torr 1 bar to 6. 6 mbar ) However, more recent developments are often applied in these cases ( e. g., evaporation while centrifuging or vortexing at high speeds ).

One of the main goals of Wetrix is to earn a Rainbow and one or more Rubber Duckys, both of which aid in scoring by multiplying the number of points gained by evaporation, repairing, etc.

* High evaporation from sun and wind occurs during summer, and the site has ready access to both sea and rail transport.

As with self shading within water-whitening coccolithophore plankton blooms, this may reduce photosynthetic productivity by altering the geometry of the euphotic zone, and both experiments and modeling are needed to quantify the potential biological impact of such effects, and the corollary potential of reflective blooms of other organisms to increase or reduce evaporation and methane evolution by altering fresh water temperatures.

The air from the qanat was drawn into the tunnel at some distance away and is cooled both by contact with the cool tunnel walls / water and by the giving up latent heat of evaporation as water evaporates into the air stream.

Slow evaporation of a solution containing both organic compounds yields crystals.

In contrast, both Israel and Jordan produce potash from the Dead Sea by using evaporation pans to further concentrate the brine until carnallite precipitates, dredging the carnallite from the pans, and processing to remove the magnesium chloride from the potassium chloride.