French, with its silent letters and its heavy use of nasal vowels and elision, may seem to lack much correspondence between spelling and pronunciation, but its rules on pronunciation, though complex, are actually consistent and predictable with a fair degree of accuracy.

There are many other allophonic processes in English, like lack of plosion, nasal plosion, partial devoicing of sonorants, complete devoicing of sonorants, partial devoicing of obstruents, lengthening and shortening vowels, and retraction.

For example, English has both oral and nasal allophones of its vowels.

The pattern is that vowels are nasal only when preceding a nasal consonant within the same syllable ; elsewhere they're oral.

Therefore, by the " elsewhere " convention, the oral allophones are considered basic ; nasal vowels in English are considered to be allophones of oral phonemes.

The nasal vowels are represented by the vowel plus n, m or gn.

Each kana is either a vowel such as " a " ( hiragana あ ); a consonant followed by a vowel such as " ka " ( hiragana か ); or " n " ( hiragana ん ), a nasal sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds either like English m, n, or ng (), or like the nasal vowels of French.

Each kana is either a vowel such as " a " ( katakana ア ); a consonant followed by a vowel such as " ka " ( katakana カ ); or " n " ( katakana ン ), a nasal sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds either like English m, n, or ng (), or like the nasal vowels of French.

This is always CV ( consonant onset with vowel nucleus ), such as ka, ki, etc., or V ( vowel ), such as a, i, etc., with the sole exception of the C grapheme for nasal codas usually romanised as n. This structure had some scholars label the system moraic instead of syllabic, because it requires the combination of two syllabograms to represent a CVC syllable with coda ( i. e. CVn, CVm, CVng ), a CVV syllable with complex nucleus ( i. e. multiple or expressively long vowels ), or a CCV syllable with complex onset ( i. e. including a glide, CyV, CwV ).

It is most commonly found in nasal occlusives and nasal vowels, but nasalized fricatives, taps, and approximants are also found.

Several scholars have documented a contrast between oral and nasal vowels in Niger – Congo.

In his reconstruction of proto-Volta – Congo, Steward ( 1976 ) postulates that nasal consonants have originated under the influence of nasal vowels ; this hypothesis is supported by the fact that there are several Niger – Congo languages that have been analysed as lacking nasal consonants altogether.

Languages like this have nasal vowels accompanied with complementary distribution between oral and nasal consonants before oral and nasal vowels.

Subsequent loss of the nasal / oral contrast in vowels may result in nasal consonants becoming part of the phoneme inventory.

Thus, the word " haibun ", though counted as two syllables in English, is counted as four on in Japanese ( ha-i-bu-n ); and the word " on " itself, which English-speakers would view as a single syllable, comprises two on: the short vowel o and the moraic nasal

If the nasal was absorbed by a stressed vowel, it would also lengthen the vowel.

Reduction of inflammation through the use of oral glucocorticoids such as, prednisone, followed by long term topical glucocorticoid nasal spray would easily and safely treat the anosmia.

By 1976, Ike Turner was so addicted to cocaine that he burned a hole in his nasal septum, leading to nosebleeds, in which he would relieve himself by using more cocaine.

Private Eye tends to parody Melvyn Bragg's name, and Spitting Image would rather accentuate his nasal accent.

It occurs in Old Norse vilja, German wollen, Dutch willen, Gothic wiljan ; it has many relatives outside of Germanic as well, including, for example, Latin velle " to wish for " or Polish ( West Slavic ) " ja wolę "-I would rather / prefer (" ę " is for a nasal open " e "); the root also occurs in voluptas, " pleasure ".

In most languages, vowels that are adjacent to nasal consonants are produced partially or fully with a lowered velum in a natural process of assimilation and are therefore technically nasal, though few speakers would notice.

It would be extremely difficult to insufflate such a quantity, as tolerance would likely develop before the 12-gram nasal intake could be completed.

He often said the money was to get him back on the poker tables, but would instead use it to purchase crack, which he now had to use instead of cocaine because his nasal membranes were so damaged he could no longer snort the drug, while crack could be smoked through a pipe.

An example of the latter would be The vast majority of languages have nasal consonants.

Like other sauropods, their heads were tiny with the nasal openings on the top of the head ( though in life the nostrils themselves would have been close to the tip of the snout ).

Christian Schubart and Mount Edgcumbe remarked on the nasal quality of his voice in the higher vocal register and Charles Burney, generally a harsh critic of singers, remarked that " with a better voice would have been a good singer ".

Although initial studies suggested it could be used as a nasal spray and hence would not require hospital admission, it is not used in that form.

During its passage through the nasal ducts, the water would have been ' tasted ' by olfactory epithelia.

He is said to have been seen as an awkward figure, with his " drawling, nasal, yankee twang " and his saddle-bags " filled with political papers and scraps " that he distributed to all who would listen.

However, a newer study compared incidence rates of skull lesions in Triceratops and Centrosaurus and showed that these were consistent with Triceratops using its horns in combat and the frill being adapted as a protective structure, while lower pathology rates in Centrosaurus may indicate visual rather than physical use of cranial ornamentation, or a form of combat focused on the body rather than the head ; as Centrosaurus was more closely related to Styracosaurus and both genera had long nasal horns, the results for this genus would be more applicable for Styracosaurus.

The surviving iron bands would have supported plates of horn ( decayed in antiquity ) held in place with small silver rivets and the nasal of the helmet is decorated with a silver cross.

A certain small amount of " layback " of the nose may possibly have been desirable, but a more important characteristic would have been a large nasal opening for airflow.

Niger – Congo thus invalidates two common assumptions about nasals: that all languages have at least one primary nasal consonant, and that if a language has only one primary nasal consonant it is / n /.

This normal, human embryologic development is exceptionally important — because the newborn infant breathes through his or her nose during the first 6 weeks of life — thus, when a child is afflicted with bilateral choanal atresia, the blockage of the posterior nasal passage, either by abnormal bony tissue or by abnormal soft tissue, emergency remedial action is required to ensure that the child can breathe.

The form of the nasal subunits — the dorsum, the sidewalls, the lobule, the soft triangles, the alae, and the columella — are configured differently, according to the race and the ethnic group of the patient, thus the nasal physiognomies denominated as: African, platyrrhine ( flat, wide nose ); Asiatic, subplatyrrhine ( low, wide nose ); Caucasian, leptorrhine ( narrow nose ); and Hispanic, paraleptorrhine ( narrow-sided nose ).

Said correction will improve the internal angle of the nasal valve and thus allow unobstructed breathing.

Although most revision rhinoplasty procedures are “ open approach ”, such a correction is more technically complicated, usually because the nasal support structures either were deformed or destroyed in the primary rhinoplasty ; thus the surgeon must re-create the nasal support with cartilage grafts harvested either from the ear ( auricular cartilage graft ) or from the rib cage ( costal cartilage graft ).

For such surgical repairs, skin flaps are preferable to skin grafts, because skin flaps generally are the superior remedy for matching the color and the texture of nasal skin, better resist tissue contracture, and provide better vascularisation of the nasal skeleton ; thus, when there is sufficient skin to allow tissue harvesting, nasal skin is the best source of nasal skin.

The most effective nasal reconstruction for repairing a defect ( wound ) of the nasal skin, is to re-create the entire nasal subunit ; thus, the wound is enlarged to comprehend the entire nasal subunit.

Yet, nasal correction with a skin graft harvested from the patient ’ s neck is not recommended, because that skin is low-density pilosebaceous tissue with very few follicles and sebaceous glands, thus is unlike the oily skin of the nose.

Once cut and loosened from the face, the nasal bone pieces are corrected, then pushed inwards and re-set, thus narrowing the nose.

He thus held, on the basis of detailed analyses of the snout and nasal capsule structures as well as the intermandibular, neuroepiphysial, and occipital regions, that Tetrapoda was biphyletic.

Others feel that it may promote vasoconstriction of the nasal blood vessels and thus be useful.

This means that the " short a " vowel as in cat and rat becomes a mid-high front diphthong when it precedes a nasal consonant: thus man is and planet is.

This hypothesis is suggested by the fact that the bony nasal cavity extends to the peak of the ram, thus implying that the nasal chamber was greatly elevated, possibly creating a resonating chamber.

Loss of all nasal quality is rare with ą, occurring only before Ł, thus, zajął.