One of the founders of neoclassical economic theory, former Yale University Professor of Economics Irving Fisher, was originally trained under the renowned Yale physicist, Josiah Willard Gibbs.

Points arguably making a convincing case that the mathematical theories used by neoclassical economists cannot be viewed as scientific have consistently been made by trained economists.

To scholars promoting this view, there is no hard and fast line between classical and neoclassical economics.

Neoclassical theory provides a very useful tool in trying to describe an artificial shock theoretically, in that neoclassical theory provides an idealised view of an economy based on certain assumptions, most of which are made true through market institutions ( often but not necessarily provided by the government ), law, culture or historical practise, and is very useful in explaining most situations ( especially in modern Westernised economies ).

What if an economy were organized not around the abstractions of neoclassical economics and accountancy but around the biological realities of nature?

Dryden's sentiments about Shakespeare's matchless imagination and capacity for painting " nature " were echoed without a break in the 18th century by, for example, Joseph Addison (" Among the English, Shakespeare has incomparably excelled all others "), Alexander Pope (" every single character in Shakespeare is as much an Individual as those in Life itself "), and Samuel Johnson ( who scornfully dismissed Voltaire's and Rhymer's neoclassical Shakespeare criticism as " the petty cavils of petty minds ").

The neoclassical nature of his work, with titles like Comradeship, Torchbearer, and Sacrifice, typified Nazi ideals, and suited the characteristics of Nazi architecture.

The Cambridge capital controversy – sometimes called " the capital controversy " or " the two Cambridges debate " – refers to a theoretical and mathematical debate during the 1960s among economists concerning the nature and role of capital goods ( or means of production ) and the critique of the dominant neoclassical vision of aggregate production and distribution.

In the interpretation of the currently dominant view of classical economic theory developed by neoclassical economists, the term " factors " did not exist until after the classical period and is not to be found in any of the literature of that time.

At the University of Chicago, Hayek was not part of the economics department and did not influence the rebirth of neoclassical theory which took place there ( see Chicago school of economics ).

Though today read primarily by sociologists and social philosophers, Weber's work did have a significant influence on Frank Knight, one of the founders of the neoclassical Chicago school of economics, who translated Weber's General Economic History into English in 1927.

Since prior to the 1830s the United States did not have a sculpture tradition of its own, save in the areas of tombstones, weathervanes and ship figureheads, the European neoclassical manner was adopted there, and it was to hold sway for decades and is exemplified in the sculptures of William Henry Rinehart ( 1825 – 1874 ), Hiram Powers, and Randolph Rogers.

The Führer did not have one particular style ; there was no official architecture of the Reich, only the neoclassical baseline that was enlarged, multiplied, altered and exaggerated.

The neoclassical designs in it usually have tapered legs and a variety of contrasting veneers.

Bartholdi's early models were all similar in concept: a female figure in neoclassical style representing liberty, wearing a stola and pella ( gown and cloak, common in depictions of Roman goddesses ) and holding a torch aloft.

In the arts of design, the draped figure supporting an acanthus-grown basket capital taking the form of a candlestick or a table-support is a familiar cliché of neoclassical decorative arts.

Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos ( born Gaspar Melchor de Xove y Llanos, 5 January 1744 – 27 November 1811 ) was an Asturian-born Spanish neoclassical statesman, author, philosopher and a major figure of the Age of Enlightenment in Spain.

While in Rome Edmonia Lewis adopted the neoclassical style of sculpture, as seen in this nude bust.

The neoclassical architect, Sir Robert Smirke, was asked to draw up plans for an eastern extension to the Museum "... for the reception of the Royal Library, and a Picture Gallery over it ..." and put forward plans for today's quadrangular building, much of which can be seen today.

Among the many architects of this form of architecture and its successors, neoclassical and romantic, were Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers, and James Wyatt.

The success of what came to be known as ‘ neoclassical synthesis ’ Keynesian economics owed a great deal to the Harvard economist Alvin Hansen and MIT economist Paul Samuelson, as well as to the Oxford economist Sir John Hicks.

Redecoration of the interiors was commissioned by Lady Maria Alford and executed in the neoclassical style in 1855-63 by Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt, including a replica of Guido Reni's Aurora ceiling and aedicular door surrounds.

He then made a grand tour of Europe from 1785 – 1787, where he was influenced by the classical architecture in Italy and the neoclassical buildings of Sir Christopher Wren, Robert Adam, William Chambers and others in the United Kingdom.

By the 1770s, in Britain, such architects as Robert Adam and Sir William Chambers were in huge popular demand, but they were now drawing on a great variety of classical sources, including ancient Greece, so much so that their forms of architecture were eventually defined as neoclassical rather than Palladian.

The neoclassical building was designed by Sir Charles Robert Cockerell ( 1788 – 1863 ), who was later to complete the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, and build St. George ’ s Hall, Liverpool, and was later used as the Freemasons Hall.

International neoclassical architecture was exemplified in Karl Friedrich Schinkel's buildings, especially the Old Museum in Berlin, Sir John Soane's Bank of England in London and the newly built White House and Capitol in Washington, DC in the United States.

This neoclassical building was built in 1898 as a private residence of Peter Escárzaga, a wealthy Durangueño miner.

A OLG model with an aggregate neoclassical production was constructed by Peter Diamond.

The palace, with the neoclassical Greek statues that surround it, is a monument to platonic romanticism as well as escapism.

The five-domed neoclassical Ascension Cathedral, designed by the Scottish architect Charles Cameron, is the chief monument of that area.

The monument is neoclassical in design, taking the form of a victory column carved of Hallowell white granite.

The attribution to Pearce is probable, although the monument is in an almost avante garde neoclassical style, with Egyptian influences ; however Pearce was living in the parish at this time in a house known as The Grove.

The chief sights include the Rastrelliesque Stroganov Palace, the huge neoclassical Kazan Cathedral, the Art Nouveau Bookhouse ( Dom Knigi ), Elisseeff Emporium, half a dozen 18th-century churches, a monument to Catherine the Great, an enormous 18th-century shopping mall, a mid-19th-century department store, the Russian National Library, and the Anichkov Bridge with its horse statues.

The neoclassical monument included a sarcophagus and two female figures, " Sorgen " (" Sorrow ") and " Berømmelsen " (" Fame ").

It is housed in the former Gubin ’ s mansion, an imposing monument of the 18th century neoclassical movement, designed by the noted Russian architect Matvei Kazakov.

He met the influential early neoclassical painter Raphael Mengs ( 1728 – 1779 ), and through Mengs was introduced to the pathbreaking theories of art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( 1717 – 1768 ).

A detail from Benjamin West's heroic, neoclassicism | neoclassical history painting, The Death of General Wolfe ( 1771 ), depicting an idealized indigenous peoples of the Americas | Native American.

Arno Breker's 1939 neoclassical sculpture Die Partei ( The Party ), which flanked one of the entrances to the Albert Speer designed Reich Chancellery # Reich Chancellery ( 1938 ) | Reich Chancellery of the Third Reich, encapsulated the National Socialist ideals of the Aryanism | Aryan master race, with Die Partei as the physical embodiment of the spirit of the Nazi Party.

* The Alter Garten ( Old Garden ) square, surrounded by buildings such as the 18th-century Altes Palais ( Old Palace ), the neoclassical Staatliches Museum Schwerin ( State Art Museum ), built in 1877 – 1882, and the Staatstheater ( City Theater ), erected in 1886.

* Herbert Barbee ( October 8, 1848-March 22, 1936 ), son of William Randolph Barbee, also noted for his neoclassical sculpture.

* Governance structure: whereas neoclassical theory describes the firm as a production function ( a technological construction ), TCE describes it as a governance structure ( an organizational construction ).

* Discrete structural analysis: whereas neoclassical theory uses continuous marginal modes of analysis in order to achieve second-order economizing ( adjusting margins ), TCE analyzes the basic structures of the firm and its governance in order to achieve first-order economizing ( improving the basic governance structure ).

Borne out of the backdrop of Keynesian, advocating government intervention, and neoclassical economics, stressing reduced intervention, with rise of high-growth countries ( Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong ) and planned governments ( Argentina, Chile, Sudan, Uganda ), economic development, more generally development economics, emerged amidst these mid-20th century theoretical interpretations of how economies prosper.

He broke away by attending a Yankee school, Carleton College Academy ( now Carleton College ) in Northfield, Minnesota ; he was lucky to study with young John Bates Clark ( 1847 – 1938 ), who later became the nation's foremost economist and was a leader in the new field of neoclassical economics.

Hebe by Canova ( 1800 – 05 ), in the appropriately neoclassical surroundings of the Hermitage Museum

Kozler bought a mansion just outside the center of Ljubljana ( at the beginning of Šiška district ), known as the Cekinov grad, and renovated in it in a neoclassical style.

Advocates of limited government, in the form laissez faire ( little or no government role in the economy ) follow from the 19th century philosophical tradition classical liberalism, and are particularly associated with the mainstream economic schools of classical economics ( through the 1870s ) and neoclassical economics ( from the 1870s onwards ), and with the heterodox Austrian school.

* Saraj ( Resen ), a neoclassical estate in Resen built by Ahmed Niyazi Bey

Igor Stravinsky ( Pulcinella and Symphony of Psalms ), Sergei Prokofiev ( Classical Symphony ), Ravel ( Le Tombeau de Couperin ) and Hindemith ( Mathis der Maler ) all produced neoclassical works.

* Arcana ( band ), a neoclassical music band

In the context of popular music, the term ' neoclassical ' is frequently used to refer to music influenced by classical ( including elements from the baroque, classical, romantic, impressionistic music ), including styles like Neoclassical Dark Wave as well as Neoclassical metal and Neoclassical new age.

** The Three Graces ( sculpture ), a 19th century neoclassical sculpture by Antonio Canova

** The Three Graces ( Indianapolis ), a 19th or 20th century neoclassical sculpture by an unknown artist, located at the Indianapolis Museum of Art

James Wyatt RA ( August 3, 1746 – September 4, 1813 ), was an English architect, a rival of Robert Adam in the neoclassical style, who far outdid Adam in his work in the neo-Gothic style.

His major neoclassical country houses include Heaton Hall near Manchester ( 1772 ), Heveningham Hall in Suffolk ( circa 1788-99 ), and Castle Coole in Ireland, as well as Packington Hall in Staffordshire, the home of the Levett family for generations, and Dodington Park in Gloucestershire for the Codrington family.