Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

Nabopolassar's position, and the fate of Assyria was sealed when he entered into an alliance with another of Assyria's former vassals, the Medes, the now dominant people of what was to become Persia.

Roles and responsibilities of husband and wives now vary considerably on a continuum between the long-held male dominant / female submission view and a growing shift toward equality ( without sameness ) of the woman and the man.

TFT-LCD is a variant of LCD which is now the dominant technology used for computer monitors.

Isaacs considered that ' Unconscious phantasies exert a continuous influence throughout life, both in normal and neurotic people, the difference lying in the specific character of the dominant phantasies '; Most schools of psychoanalytic thought would now accept that ' Both in analysis and life, we perceive reality through a veil of unconscious fantasy '.

In most modern large companies, there is now no longer a single dominant shareholder, and the collective power of the business owners is for most purposes delegated to a board of directors, which in turn delegates the day-to-day running of the company to a managing director or CEO.

Given that the coiled texture is the natural state of some African Americans ' hair, or perceived as being more " African ", this simple style is now often seen as a sign of self-acceptance and an affirmation that the beauty norms of the ( eurocentric ) dominant culture are not absolute.

Major companies are now found in Germany ( Seydel, Bushman, Hohner-the dominant manufacturer in the world ), Japan ( Suzuki, Tombo-the manufacturer of the popular Lee Oskar harmonica, and Yamaha also made harmonicas until the 1970s ), China ( Huang, Johnson, Leo Shi, Suzuki, Hohner, Swan, AXL ), and Brazil ( Hering, Bends ).

The independence of Pakistan in 1947 saw the settlement of the what is now the largest ethnic community in the city, the Muhajirs who migrated from India in search of a Muslim homeland and settled in Pakistan, that's why the culture of Karachi is very similar to any Indian Muslim dominant city and the city's first language is Urdu because of these Muhajir unlike other parts of the country Most properties vacated by Hindus were granted to Urdu-speaking Muslim migrants who had migrated from India, Known as Muhajirs, their descendants now form the majority of Karachi's residents, these Mohajirs of Urdu, Gujrati, Marathi, Konkani Muslims from India and Bengali origin are around 13 million.

This became a major cornerstone of the feminist movement, since it claimed that females are dominant in the Tchambuli ( now spelled Chambri ) Lake region of the Sepik basin of Papua New Guinea ( in the western Pacific ) without causing any special problems.

Since the early 1970s, however, the dominant scholarship has noted dissimilarities between Persian Mithra-worship and the Roman Mithraic mysteries, and the mysteries of Mithras are now generally seen as a distinct product of the Roman Imperial religious world.

This style of medicine is now dominant throughout the industrialized world, and is often termed biomedicine by medical anthropologists.

The primary manufacturers of excimer laser light sources in the 1980s were Lambda Physik ( now part of Coherent, Inc .) and Lumonics, but since the mid-1990s Cymer Inc. has become the dominant supplier of excimer laser sources to the lithography equipment manufacturers.

Under Jacques Delors it became increasingly presidential in style and now is the dominant force in the Commission, although curbed by crises such as the resignation of the Santer Commission.

Themistocles also now returned to his naval policy, and " more ambitious undertakings which would serve to increase the dominant position of his native state ".

Rome is now the dominant power in the Western Mediterranean basin.

Broca's area is now typically defined in terms of the pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, represented in Brodmann's cytoarchitectonic map as areas 44 and 45 of the dominant hemisphere.

Frustration is now a dominant sentiment in the population, especially since the overall quality of life has dropped since the Félix Houphouët-Boigny era.

Chinese foreign policy to the north and west now had to deal with Turkic nomads, who were becoming the most dominant ethnic group in Central Asia.

Defined contribution plans have become widespread all over the world in recent years, and are now the dominant form of plan in the private sector in many countries.

In Mainland China, the official Party view now serves as the dominant framework for Chinese historiography of the time period ; alternative views ( see below ) are discouraged.

Experts predict that the Chinese diaspora in Russia will increase to at least 10 million by 2010 and Chinese may become the dominant ethnic group in the Russian Far East region 20 to 30 years from now.

The casement window is the dominant type now found in the UK and parts of Europe.

In 1958, a West Indies Federation emerged out of the British West Indies, which with British Guiana ( now Guyana ) and British Honduras ( now Belize ) choosing to opt out of the Federation, left Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago as the dominant players.

The idea of negative matter appears in past theories of matter that have now been abandoned.

Just as the word Byzantine is often used in a pejorative way, so the word despot now has equally negative connotations.

SST anomalies then transitioned into the negative ( La Niña ) and have now transitioned back to ENSO-neutral during April 2012.

And if I were to draw balance sheets on where South Africa stands now, I would say that the positive outweighs the negative by far.

He wrote: " This negative correlation contradicts the results of the models that IPCC relies on and indicates that anthropogenic global warming ( AGW ) is quite small ," concluding " and now it turns out that global warming might have been ' man made ' after all.

Paradoxically the " negative " connotations are now becoming associated with " positive " connotations-with the resurgence of gin, upmarket bars now frequently refer to " mother's ruin ", " gin palaces ", where printed copies of Hogarth paintings may sometimes be found ..

Their material also incidentally demonstrated " negative differential resistance ", now a hall-mark of such materials.

On the other hand, many historians now point out that most of the negative social factors popularly associated with the medieval period – poverty, warfare, religious and political persecution, for example – seem to have worsened in this era which saw the rise of Machiavellian politics, the Wars of Religion, the corrupt Borgia Popes, and the intensified witch-hunts of the 16th century.

In his investigations of the conduction of electricity in low pressure gases, he discovered that as the pressure was lowered, the negative electrode ( cathode ) appeared to emit rays ( the so-called " cathode rays ", now known to be a stream of free electrons, and used in cathode ray display devices ).

For the independent farmers of Shetland this had negative consequences, as they now had to fish for these merchant-lairds.

The movie is now critically acclaimed, after initially receiving negative publicity in the West for being partially funded by Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, who invested $ 35 million in the movie.

On 30 November 1983, ASIS garnered unwanted negative attention when a training operation held at the Sheraton Hotel, now the Mercure ( Spring Street ), in Melbourne went disastrously wrong.

" However, he also said, " For every ( negative ) post, there's somebody saying, ' You made my life a lot easier because I now have someone I can relate to on screen '.

Everything is compatible with relativity now, but we see immediately that the expression for the density is no longer positive definite-the initial values of both ψ and ∂< sub > t </ sub > ψ may be freely chosen, and the density may thus become negative, something that is impossible for a legitimate probability density.

The film, produced and directed by Moustapha Akkad, is now critically acclaimed, but performed poorly at the box office because of negative publicity in the West at the time of its release, stemming from its having been partially funded by Libya.

Andec Film in Berlin now makes prints from Super 8 negative film, although optical blow-ups to 16mm or 35mm are available at other labs.

Much of the negative impact of estrogen that they found was related to the fact that most of the women in the Women ’ s Health Initiative study were far past the menopause and up to 79 years old .” Dr. Rubinow continues by explaining that “ there are now a large number of studies that demonstrate what has been called the timing hypothesis.

Since the psychohistorians ' model is analogous to the now discarded unilineal evolution theory, anthropologists have been critical of the negative value judgments, and the lineal progression, in the model currently advanced by psychohistorians as to what constitutes child abuse in primitive or non-Western cultures.

Note that in order to act near optimally, the agent must reason about the long term consequences of its actions: In order to maximize my future income I better go to school now, although the immediate monetary reward associated with this might be negative.

In contrast, Peggy Noonan feels that sound bites have acquired a negative connotation but are not inherently negative, and that what we now think of as great historical sound bites — such as " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself ", the most famous phrase in Franklin D. Roosevelt's first Inaugural Address — were examples of eloquent speakers unselfconsciously and " simply trying in words to capture the essence of the thought they wished to communicate.

Even though the net electrostatic charge of the object has not changed, it now has regions of excess positive and negative charges.

The County Commission Chairman Ron Cross has vowed to keep the issue alive, but based on the negative sentiment from voters, it appears that at least for now, the idea of incorporation is back in hibernation.

The answer to the problem is now known to be in the negative: no such general algorithm can exist.