The United States Copyright Office defines copyright as " a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States ( title 17, U. S. Code ) to authors of " original works of authorship ".

What powers do the original authors, as well as the publishers, have in regulating or even stopping the fan fiction?

After Ackermann's publication of his function ( which had three nonnegative integer arguments ), many authors modified it to suit various purposes, so that today " the Ackermann function " may refer to any of numerous variants of the original function.

Copyright law recognises the right of an author based on whether the work actually is an original creation, rather than based on whether it is unique ; two authors may own copyright on two substantially identical works, if it is determined that the duplication was coincidental, and neither was copied from the other.

However, the details of the story are at best uncertain ( see for discussion of the original Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen source and the changes in other versions ); some authors, such as Joseph Rotman in his book A first course in Abstract Algebra, question whether it ever happened.

It retains as much of the text as it could while leaving out the risque sections as well as those chapters that young readers might consider dull, and embellishes a great deal on Cervantes's original text ( the title page actually gives credit to the two translators as if they were the authors, and leaves out any mention of Cervantes ).

Where the Diatessaron records Gospel quotations from the Jewish Scriptures, the text appears to agree with that found in the Syriac Peshitta Old Testament rather than that found in the Greek Septuagint — as used by the original Gospel authors.

Both included the work known as the Prose Merlin, but the Post-Vulgate authors left out the Merlin Continuation from the earlier cycle, choosing to add an original account of Arthur's early days including a new origin for Excalibur.

Mark Liberman calculated the storage requirements for all human speech at 42 zettabytes ( 42, 000 exabytes, and 8, 400 times the original estimate ), if digitized as 16 kHz 16-bit audio, although he did freely confess that " maybe the authors the exabyte estimate were thinking about text.

Many of these churches reject the idea that anyone other than the authors of Scripture can directly lead other Christians by original divine authority ; after the New Testament, they assert, the doors of revelation were closed and councils can only give advice or guidance, but have no authority.

Of the 33 works dedicated to him, thirteen were original or translated works of literature, which May says suggest he was more sought out for patronage by literary writers, as opposed to authors of religious or scientific works, than other patrons of similar means.

It is not clear, however, what this meant to the original authors, and most modern commentators divide it into two parts based on subject matter, a " primeval history " ( chapters 1 – 11 ) and a " patriarchal history " ( chapters 12 – 50 ).

According to the original manual by the authors,

To these last 34 years of his career belong the most important of his works ; his version of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew text, the best of his scriptural commentaries, his catalogue of Christian authors, and the dialogue against the Pelagians, the literary perfection of which even an opponent recognized.

The original BSD license also includes a clause requiring all advertising of the software to display a notice crediting its authors.

He finished Titus Groan and Gormenghast and completed some of his most acclaimed illustrations for books by other authors, including Lewis Carroll's Hunting of the Snark ( for which he was reportedly paid only £ 5 ) and Alice in Wonderland, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, the Brothers Grimm's Household Tales, All This and Bevin Too by Quentin Crisp and Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, as well as producing many original poems, drawings, and paintings.

On 15 June 2001, NuSphere sued MySQL AB, TcX DataKonsult AB and its original authors Michael (" Monty ") Widenius and David Axmark in U. S District Court in Boston.

Besides brief references by non-Manichaean authors through the centuries, no original sources of " The Book of Giants " ( which is actually part six of the " Book of Enoch ") were available until the 20th century.

This philosophy tended to be republican, more in the original spirit of Machiavellian, but as with the Catholic authors Machiavelli's realism and encouragement of using innovation to try to control one's own fortune were more accepted than his emphasis upon war and politics.

Some authors saw the latter as languages which had not yet completely evolved to full Bantu status, whereas others regarded them as languages which had partly lost original features still found in Bantu.

Based on new work published in 2007 and 2008 by some of the authors of the original studies, several new hypotheses have been put forth.

For the Israelites who were its original authors and readers these books told of their own unique relationship with God and their relationship with proselytes, but the overarching messianic nature of Christianity has led Christians from the very beginning of the faith to see the Old Testament as a preparation for the New Covenant and New Testament.

" The authors of the report stated that it is a compromise and return to the original Presbyterian culture of local controls.

Retcons are done for many reasons, including the accommodation of sequels or further derivative works in a series, wherein newer authors or creators want to revise the in-story history to allow a course of events that would not have been possible in the story's original continuity.

Its original appearance is shown in an engraving published in the `` Massachusetts Magazine '' in May 1793, which is reproduced herewith ( Fig. 1 ).

In 1960, David D. Thomas published Basic Vocabulary In some Mon-Khmer Languages ( AL 2, No. 3, pp. 7 - 11 ), which compares 8 Mon-Khmer languages with the I-E language data on which Swadesh based the revised retention rate ( Af ) in place of original ( Af ), and his revised 100 word basic glottochronological list in Towards Greater Accuracy ( IJAL 21::

A paper published at the same time proposed that the original three families should be retained as subfamilies within Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato.

A paper published at the same time as the 2009 classification proposed that the original three families should be retained as subfamilies within Amaryllidaceae sensu lato.

Schubert E. London: The Bodley Head, 1983 ( Swedish original, Ett Testamente, published in 1950 ).

His later novels included fixups such as The Beast ( aka Moonbeast ) ( 1963 ), Rogue Ship ( 1965 ), Quest for the Future ( 1970 ) and Supermind ( 1977 ); expanded short stories ( The Darkness on Diamondia ( 1972 ), Future Glitter ( aka Tyranopolis ) ( 1973 ); original novels such as Children of Tomorrow ( 1970 ), The Battle of Forever ( 1971 ) and The Anarchistic Colossus ( 1977 ); plus sequels to his classic works, many of which were promised, but only one of which appeared, Null-A Three ( 1984 ; originally published in French ).

Several later books were original in Europe, and at least one novel has only ever appeared in Italian, no English version yet published.

The original 256-page game book was published in 1991 by Phage Press, covering material from the first five novels ( the " Corwin Cycle ") and some details-sorcery and the Logrus-from the remaining five novels ( the " Merlin Cycle "), in order to allow players to roleplay characters from the Courts of Chaos.

The 1000-page autobiographical manuscript Récoltes et semailles ( 1986 ) is now available on the internet in the French original, and an English translation is underway ( these parts of Récoltes et semailles have already been translated into Russian and published in Moscow ).

Many books of type-in programs were also available, and in particular, Ahl published versions of the original 101 BASIC games converted into the Microsoft dialect and published it from Creative Computing as " BASIC Computer Games ".

The original EU legislation “ Restrictions of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronics Devices ” ( RoHS Directive 2002 / 95 / EC ) was replaced and superseded by 2011 / 65 / EU published in July 2011 and commonly known as RoHS 2.

The original book, published in 1549, in the reign of Edward VI, was a product of the English Reformation following the break with Rome.

The original conception of Call of Cthulhu was Dark Worlds, a game commissioned by the publisher Chaosium but never published.

An early treatment was the short story Autofac by Philip K. Dick, published in 1955, which precedes von Neumann's original paper about self-reproducing machines.

A collection of Preston and Bishop's original essays exploring the argument from the context of philosophy and cognitive science was published in 2002.

" In 2004, the Manchester Evening News published a contradictory story that a young musician from Wilmslow called David Browning played the trumpet on both the original recording of the theme in 1960 and a re-recording in 1964, for a one-off payment of £ 36.

Smith's works consist of: a single novel, originally published in two volumes in edited form as The Planet Buyer, also known as The Boy Who Bought Old Earth ( 1964 ) and The Underpeople ( 1968 ), and later restored to its original form as Norstrilia ( 1975 ); and 32 short stories ( collected in The Rediscovery of Man ( 1993 ), including two versions of the short story " War No. 81-Q ").

This actually was not his first work in comics, as earlier the same year Barks along with Hannah and fellow storyman Nick George scripted Pluto Saves the Ship, which was among the first original Disney comic book stories published in the United States.

This was indeed the case ; in 1994, Don Coppersmith published some of the original design criteria for the S-boxes.

* Dennis the Menace ( UK comics ), the original title of a British comic strip which first appeared in " The Beano ", dated March 17, 1951 ; now published as Dennis and Gnasher

Diderot's earliest works included a translation of Temple Stanyan's History of Greece ( 1743 ); with two colleagues, François-Vincent Toussaint and Marc-Antoine Eidous, he produced a translation of Robert James's Medicinal Dictionary ( 1746 – 1748 ); at about the same time he published a free rendering of Shaftesbury's Inquiry Concerning Virtue and Merit ( 1745 ), with some original notes of his own.

The numbers of the sections and versification differ from the edition published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and both modern editions differ from the original 1835 edition numeration.

The Church of Christ ( Temple Lot ) contends that the thousands of changes made to the original revelations as published in the Book of Commandments ( including the change of the church's name ) are not doctrinal and result from Joseph Smith's fall from his original calling.