When core convection does not occur, a helium-rich core develops surrounded by an outer layer of hydrogen.

Although lower mass stars normally do not burn off their outer layers so rapidly, they can likewise avoid becoming red giants or red supergiants if they are in binary systems close enough so that the companion star strips off the envelope as it expands, or if they rotate rapidly enough so that convection extends all the way from the core to the surface, resulting in the absence of a separate core and envelope due to thorough mixing.

Given the lack of a significant outer convection zone, theory predicts the absence of a magnetic dynamo in earlier A stars.

Oscillations in the Sun are driven stochastically by convection in its outer layers.

For heat transfer from the outer surface of the body, the convection mechanism is dependent on the surface area of the body, the velocity of the air, and the temperature gradient between the surface of the skin and the ambient air.

In contrast to the Sun where convection only occurs in the outer layers, a red dwarf with a mass this low will be entirely convective.

* An ablative heat shield consists of a layer of plastic resin, the outer surface of which is heated to a gas which carries the heat away by convection.

Initial models are focused on field generation by convection in the planet's fluid outer core.

In the case of the Earth, the magnetic field is induced and constantly maintained by the convection of liquid iron in the outer core.

* Creating soot to absorb sunlight and change air temperature and hence convection currents in the outer wall.

Oscillations in the Sun are excited by convection in its outer layers, and observing solar-like oscillations in other stars is a new and expanding area of asteroseismology.

The stellar atmosphere is the outer region of the volume of a star, lying above the stellar core, radiation zone and convection zone.

* Articular capsule: the fibrous capsule, continuous with the periosteum of articulating bones, surrounds the diarthrosis and unites the articulating bones ; the articular capsule consists of two layers-( 1 ) the outer fibrous membrane that may contain ligaments and ( 2 ) the inner synovial membrane that secretes the lubricating, shock absorbing, and joint-nourishing synovial fluid ; the articular capsule is highly innervated, but avascular ( lacking blood and lymph vessels ), and receives nutrition from the surrounding blood supply via either diffusion ( a slow process ) or by convection, a far more efficient process achieved through exercise

This heat is then more readily transferred to the environment by convection as the outer radii ( and heat transfer area ) is significantly greater than for the bare wire.

The lack of a deep convection zone would mean that the outer layers would retain higher abundance ratios of these heavy elements .< ref >

The outer portion of solar mass stars is cool enough that hydrogen is neutral and thus opaque to ultraviolet photons, so convection dominates.

Within the Sun, the radiation zone is located in the intermediate zone between the solar core at 20 % of the Sun's radius and the outer convection zone at 71 % of the Sun's radius.

This combination of circumstances produces an outer convection zone, the top of which is visible in the sun as solar granulation.

Canopus is a strong source of X-rays, which are probably produced by its corona, magnetically heated to around 15 million K. The temperature has likely been stimulated by fast rotation combined with strong convection percolating through the star's outer layers.

The storm moved to the west-northwest around the periphery of a mid-level high-pressure system, and initially failed to strengthen further with much of its convection being associated with outer rainbands.

On October 23, the outer rainbands dissipated and convection became more concentrated near the center, which coincided with a steady increase in strength.

Type-B stars do not have a corona and lack a convection zone in their outer atmosphere.

The heat of the Sun's thermonuclear fusion is carried outward by radiation in the deep interior radiation zone and by convective circulation in the outer convection zone, but cool sinking material from the surface penetrates farther into the radiative zone than theory would suggest.

This topologically complex field is most likely generated by a dynamo formed from the deep convection zone in the star's outer envelope.

The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of and has a total population of 594, 582 as of 1 January 2008, which ranks it as the fourth most populous in Belgium.

Typically, the build-up of a natural pearl consists of a brown central zone formed by columnar calcium carbonate ( usually calcite, sometimes columnar aragonite ) and a yellowish to white outer zone consisting of nacre ( tabular aragonite ).

The crossing required the dismantling of both the inner and outer walls and the clearance of the death zone or no man's land between the two.

The temperature in this region is hotter than the innermost zone, but cooler than the outer zone.

The outer zone is the area where the flame is the hottest and the oxidation process is complete.

A pitch that touches the outer boundary of the zone is as much a strike as a pitch that is thrown right down the center.

The glial fibers produced in the first divisions of progenitor cells are radially oriented, spanning the thickness of the cortex from the ventricular zone to the outer, pial surface, and provide scaffolding for the migration of neurons outwards from the ventricular zone.

A gap between the inner and outer Van Allen belts, sometimes called safe zone or safe slot, is caused by the Very Low Frequency ( VLF ) waves which scatter particles in pitch angle which results in the gain of particles to the atmosphere.

The contour interval is 2 ft between successive contour line s. Because oil floats above water, the outer red color indicates the elevation of the water / oil contact zone, which is at the bottom of the Petroleum reservoir.

The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 616 km² and has a total of 255, 844 inhabitants as of 1 January 2008.

The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of with a total population of 522, 522 by January 1, 2008, ranking it as the 5th most populous in Belgium after Brussels, Antwerp, Liège and Ghent.

No Conservative councillor has been elected since 1987 in the town, although the party came within 13 votes of re-gaining the Denton West seat in 2008 on the back of government unpopularity over the abolition of the 10p tax rate and the proposals for a congestion charge in Greater Manchester with the proposed outer charging zone cutting the ward in two.

The depth of the outer estuary zone increases from.

It features tafl-like symmetry, but with twelve defenders plus one " flagship " ( cf: king ) pitted against twenty attackers upon a tiered board, so that the objective of the defenders is to escort the flagship from the center to the outer zone of the board.

Apart from the distinction of the inner zone and outer zone, there are no distinctive spaces on the Breakthru board.

The CHA has developed a Sea Angling zone on the outer breakwater arm.

Resulting in the fining of sediment textures with increasing depth and towards the central axis of the harbour, or if classified into grain class sizes, “ the plotted transect for the central axis goes from silty sands in the intertidal zone, to sandy silts in the inner nearshore, to silts in the outer reaches of the bays to mud at depths of 6 m or more ”.

The artifact, located in the middle of the war zone, is actually a portal linked to a point in outer space where a Martian starship lies.

Features revealed by helioseismology include that the outer convective zone and the inner radiative zone rotate at different speeds, which is thought to generate the main magnetic field of the Sun by a dynamo effect, and that the convective zone has " jet streams " of plasma ( more precisely, torsional oscillations ) thousands of kilometers below the surface.