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The ozone smell Schönbein detected is the same as that occurring in the vicinity of a thunderstorm, an odor that indicates the presence of ozone in the atmosphere.
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ozone and smell
Consequently, a lightning strike observed at a very close distance will be accompanied by a sudden clap of thunder, with almost no perceptible time lapse, and the smell of ozone ( O < sub > 3 </ sub >).
Often laser printers will have a smell of ozone, which in high concentrations is toxic.
The ozone gives the blast its characteristic corona discharge like smell.
Because of the pronounced smell, Schönbein coined the term " ozone " for the new gas, from the Greek word " ozein ", meaning " to smell ".
He later found that the smell of ozone was similar to that produced by the slow oxidation of white phosphorus.
The arcs do generate ozone and nitrogen oxides, giving the skin the well known " ozone smell " similar to the smell of a lightning storm.
Partial electrical breakdown of the air causes the " fresh air " smell of ozone during thunderstorms or around high-voltage equipment.
On opening, a bluish arc may occur with a detectable " electrical " ( ozone ) smell ; afterwards the contacts may be seen to be darkened and pitted.
* " sulfurous " smell ( which is now known to be due to ozone );
ozone and Schönbein
Christian Friedrich Schönbein ( 18 October 1799 – 29 August 1868 ) was a German-Swiss chemist who is best known for inventing the fuel cell ( 1838 ) and his discoveries of guncotton and ozone.
ozone and detected
The ozone layer has been detected above Antarctica.
ozone and is
As an example of different chemical behaviour, ozone ( O < sub > 3 </ sub >) is a much stronger oxidizing agent than dioxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >).
Catalysis is relevant to many aspects of environmental science, e. g. the catalytic converter in automobiles and the dynamics of the ozone hole.
A notable example is the catalytic role of chlorine free radicals in the breakdown of ozone.
Singer trained as an atmospheric physicist and is known for his work in space research, atmospheric pollution, rocket and satellite technology, his questioning of the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss
NO < sub > x </ sub > is hazardous to both plant and animal health, and leads to the production of ozone ( O < sub > 3 </ sub >).
Ground-level ozone is harmful to human health and the environment.
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ( a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer ) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.
It is believed that if the international agreement is adhered to, the ozone layer is expected to recover by 2050.
The chair of the board of DuPont was quoted as saying that ozone depletion theory is " a science fiction tale ... a load of rubbish ... utter nonsense ".
The main objective of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol is to assist developing country parties to the Montreal Protocol whose annual per capita consumption and production of ozone depleting substances ( ODS ) is less than 0. 3 kg to comply with the control measures of the Protocol.
The most recent ( 2006 ) scientific evaluation of the effects of the Montreal Protocol states, " The Montreal Protocol is working: There is clear evidence of a decrease in the atmospheric burden of ozone-depleting substances and some early signs of stratospheric ozone recovery.
Another form ( allotrope ) of oxygen, ozone (), helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation with the high-altitude ozone layer, but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog.
Triplet oxygen ( not to be confused with ozone, ) is the ground state of the molecule.
It is also produced in the troposphere by the photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength, and by the immune system as a source of active oxygen.
The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone ( O < sub > 3 </ sub >).
However, " relatively high ," in the case of ozone, is still very small with regard to ordinary oxygen, and is less than ten parts per million, with the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere being only about 0. 6 parts per million.
ozone and same
The same property allows volatile organobromine compounds, under the action of sunlight, to form free bromine atoms in the atmosphere which are highly effective in ozone depletion.
Though the same chemical substance, ground-level ozone should not be confused with stratospheric ozone, or the ozone layer, which protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.
In a 2001 report, NASA found the ozone thinning over Antarctica had remained the same thickness for the previous three years, however in 2003 the ozone hole grew to its second largest size.
The same argument would lead one to expect the highest ozone levels in the summer and the lowest in the winter.
The chemistry involving VOCs is much more complex but the same reaction of peroxy radicals oxidizing NO to NO < sub > 2 </ sub > is the critical step leading to ozone formation.
In the ozone,, molecule the two O – O bonds are nonpolar ( there is no electronegativity difference between atoms of the same element ).
Dr. Crusher explains to the Aldeans that their shield has weakened the ozone layer of the planet, exposing the inhabitants to ultraviolet radiation, leaving them unable to bear children and would likely have the same effects on the children from the Enterprise.
The Meteor-3 has the same payload as the Meteor-2 but also includes an advanced scanning radiometer with better spectral and spatial resolution and a spectrometer for determining total ozone content.
Precisely, ODP of a given substance is defined as the ratio of global loss of ozone due to given substance over the global loss of ozone due to CFC-11 of the same mass.
ozone and occurring
However, not all safety-critical rubber products are protected, and, since it only takes a few parts per billion of ozone to start attack, failures are still occurring.
ozone and thunderstorm
This limits thunderstorm activity near their center, and traps low-level pollutants such as ozone as haze under their base, which is a significant problem in large urban centers during summer months such as Los Angeles, California and Mexico City, Mexico.
ozone and odor
When a laser printer or copier is operated for a long period of time in a small, poorly ventilated space, these gases can build up to levels at which the odor of ozone or irritation may be noticed.
ozone and indicates
Modeling of such an event indicates that the gas would destroy ozone in the upper atmosphere allowing ultraviolet radiation to kill off species that had survived the toxic gas.
ozone and presence
Owing to the presence of a double bond in each repeat unit, natural rubber is susceptible to vulcanisation and sensitive to ozone cracking.
As explained above, the primary cause of ozone depletion is the presence of chlorine-containing source gases ( primarily CFCs and related halocarbons ).
In the presence of UV light, these gases dissociate, releasing chlorine atoms, which then go on to catalyze ozone destruction.
The Cl-catalyzed ozone depletion can take place in the gas phase, but it is dramatically enhanced in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds ( PSCs ).
GOMOS ( Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars ) looks to stars as they descend through the Earth's atmosphere and change color, which also tells a lot about the presence of gases such as ozone (), and allows for the first time a space-based measurement of the vertical distribution of these trace gases.
A second major effect of isoprene on the atmosphere is that in presence of nitric oxides ( NO < sub > x </ sub >) it contributes to the formation of tropospheric ( lower atmosphere ) ozone, which is one of the leading air pollutants in many countries.
Formation of tropospheric ozone is only possible in presence of high levels of NO < sub > x </ sub >, which comes almost exclusively from industrial activities.
The majority of tropospheric ozone formation occurs when nitrogen oxides ( NOx ), carbon monoxide ( CO ) and volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ), such as xylene, react in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight.
Additionally, red alder is often used by scientists as a biomonitoring organism to locate areas prone to ozone pollution, as the leaves will react to the presence of high ozone levels by developing red to brown or purple discolourations.
Many air purifiers generate some ozone, an energetic allotrope of three oxygen atoms, and in the presence of humidity, small amounts of NO < sub > x </ sub >.
Oxygenation of alkanes can be catalyzed by a magic acid-SO < sub > 2 </ sub > ClF solution in the presence of ozone.
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