From the earliest days of the motor car industry, before the A.L.A.M. was established, patent infringement loomed as a serious and vexing problem.

One of the conditions of the pool was a prohibition upon the withholding of patent rights among A.L.A.M. members.

The prevailing view in the industry was summed up in 1912 by a group of auto makers who told a Senate committee: `` The exceedingly unsatisfactory and uselessly expensive conditions, including delays surrounding legal disputes, particularly in patent litigation, are items of industrial burden which must be written large in figures of many millions of dollars of industrial waste ''.

By that time it was commonly agreed that patent warfare was sapping constructive achievement and blocking the free exchange of technical information.

The idea was never commercialized, but Lincoln is the only president to hold a patent.

*( c ) It may be granted upon condition, cujus est dare, ejus est disponere, and this denization of an alien may come about three ways: by Parliament ; by letters patent, which was the usual manner ; and by conquest.

He was stationed in San Francisco from 1869 through 1871 and he took out a patent for the cable car railway that still runs there, receiving a charter for its operation, but signing away his rights when he was reassigned.

At that time, the ENIAC was considered to be the first computer in the modern sense, but in 1973 a U. S. District Court invalidated the ENIAC patent and concluded that the ENIAC inventors had derived the subject matter of the electronic digital computer from Atanasoff ( see Patent dispute ).

The United States District Court for the District of Minnesota released its judgement on October 19, 1973, finding in Honeywell v. Sperry Rand that the ENIAC patent was a derivative of John Atanasoff's invention.

The case was legally resolved on October 19, 1973 when U. S. District Judge Earl R. Larson held the ENIAC patent invalid, ruling that the ENIAC derived many basic ideas from the Atanasoff – Berry Computer.

The first proposal for a tank was by the Austrian Oberleutenant Günther Burstyn who, in 1911, proposed a design for " motor artillery " ( Motorengeschütz ) with a turret, but his design never progressed beyond a German patent in 1912.

Later that year the PTO issued a decision rejecting the patent, on the basis that the petitioners ' arguments that the plant was not " distinctive or novel " were valid.

A. Panitz's patent, was developed by Mike Miller starting in 1983 and culminated with the first prototype in 1986.

Watterson was born in Washington, D. C., where his father, James G. Watterson ( born 1932 ), worked as a patent examiner while going to George Washington University Law School before becoming a patent attorney in 1960.

The Bakelite Corporation was formed in 1922 ( after patent litigation favorable to Baekeland ) from a merger of three companies: the General Bakelite Company which Baekeland founded in 1910, the Condensite Company, founded by J. W.

The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on 30 October 1888, to John Loud, a leather tanner, who was attempting to make a writing instrument that would be able to write on his leather products, which then-common fountain pens could not do.

Slavoljub Eduard Penkala invented a solid-ink fountain pen in 1907, a German inventor named Baum took out a ballpoint patent in 1910, and yet another ballpoint pen device was patented by Van Vechten Riesburg in 1916.

It was based on a patent of 1883 by James Cleminson, and was once popular on narrow-gauge rolling stock, e. g. on the Isle of Man and Manx Northern Railways.

Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.

Primarily designed to set very quickly, then generate high holding power, these anchors ( mostly proprietary inventions still under patent ) are finding homes with users of small to medium-sized vessels.

In particular, the regenerative circuit, which Armstrong patented in 1914 as a " wireless receiving system ," was subsequently patented by Lee De Forest in 1916 ; De Forest then sold the rights to his patent to AT & T.

A patent application for IDEA was first filed in Switzerland ( CH A 1690 / 90 ) on May 18, 1990, then an international patent application was filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty on May 16, 1991.

* On December 4, 1970, the twisted nematic field effect in liquid crystals was filed for patent by Hoffmann-LaRoche in Switzerland, ( Swiss patent No. 532 261 ) with Wolfgang Helfrich and Martin Schadt ( then working for the Central Research Laboratories ) listed as inventors.

Biograph retaliated for being frozen out of the Trust agreement by purchasing the patent to the Latham film loop, a key feature of virtually all motion picture cameras then in use.

The prime minister is, like other ministers, normally sworn in by the governor-general and then presented with the commission ( Letters patent ) of office.

However, stamps from Henry Archer's perforation trials had been issued the last few months of 1850, then during the 1851 parliamentary session of 1851, at the House of Commons, and finally in 1853 / 54 after the government paid Mr. Archer £ 4, 000 for his machine and the patent.

The February 25, 1836 patent was then reissued as entitled Revolving gun to Samuel Colt on October 24, 1848.

Armstrong eventually sold his superheterodyne patent to Westinghouse, who then sold it to RCA, the latter monopolizing the market for superheterodyne receivers until 1930.

To acquire a patent, full information about the method or product has to be supplied to the patent office and upon publication or issuance, will then be available to all.

By then, Nikola Tesla had independently reached the same concept and was seeking a patent.

" It filed suit against Palm ( then U. S. Robotics ), alleging that Graffiti infringed on this patent.

The patent was licensed first to Mattel Electronics, which failed as a company before any product using the algorithm was developed, then to a startup company founded by some of the laid-off Mattel executives.

Hooke recorded that he conceived of a way to determine longitude ( then a critical problem for navigation ), and with the help of Boyle and others he attempted to patent it.

Louis XVIII, by then wheelchair-bound, supplied Charles with letters patent creating him Lieutenant General of the Kingdom.

Recently the patent assets of these failed startup companies are being purchased by what are derogatorily known as " Patent trolls " who then take the patents from the companies and assert those patents against companies that might be infringing the technology covered by the patent.

President William Howard Taft of the US then wrote publicly to the Diamond Match Company asking them to release the patent for the good of mankind, which they did in 1911.

Mikimoto then altered his patent application to cover a technique to make round pearls in mantle tissue, which was granted in 1916.

The Hertford / Somerset line of Edward and Anne died out with the seventh Duke of Somerset in 1750 ; the descendents of Edward Seymour by his first wife, Catherine Fillol, then inherited the Somerset dukedom in accordance with the original letters of patent.

However, some regional offices exist, such as the European Patent Office ( EPO ), which act as supranational bodies with the power to grant patents which can then be brought into effect in the member states, and an international procedure also exists for filing a single international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty ( PCT ), which can then give rise to patent protection in most countries.

Under Bullard, the journal adopted a literary orientation and accepted patent medicine ads, but it folded in February 1872.

This frees all users who have accepted the license from the threat of lawsuits for patent infringement, in exchange for their surrendering the right to build up new patents of their own ( in the specific domain for which the original license applies ).

Further, contributors could initially offer royalty-free use of their patent, later imposing per-unit fees, after the standard becomes accepted.

In 1984, Australian courts determined a patent case: Windsurfing International Inc & Anor-v-Petit & Anor ( also part reported in 3 IPR 449 or 2 NSWLR 196 ), which attributed the first legally accepted use of a split boom to an Australian boy, Richard Eastaugh.

He became associated with James Watt when Watt's business partner, John Roebuck, was unable to pay a debt to Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's share of Watt's patent as settlement.

He accepted it while in office, but looked into adopting European-like patent laws, as a measure of encouraging local industries.

Loeb accepted, and in 1913, he secured a patent for the product under the name Brillo.

It was accepted and given a patent number US 1900018 entitled “ Device for controlling electric current .” Linienfeld continued to apply for patents in the same field of study for the next 10 years.

* Improvements in, and relating to, Kinematograph Apparatus for the Production of Coloured Pictures British patent 26, 607 accepted 25th July 1907 cancelled 26th April 1915

When an alleged invention does not comply with the generally accepted laws of physics, the industrial application requirement is related to the requirement of sufficiency of disclosure, i. e. the fact that a " patent application must disclose the invention in a manner sufficiently clear and complete for it to be carried out by a person skilled in the art ".