This was rapidly followed by the introduction of tubes specifically designed for superheterodyne operation, most notably the pentagrid converter.

The pentagrid converter tube would oscillate and also provide signal amplification as well as frequency shifting.

The pentagrid converter contained no less than five grids between the cathode and the plate ( anode ).

With the development of the pentagrid converter, these functions were combined inside a single tube which applied the RF signal to the control grid, but also implemented the local oscillator using additional grids.

For example the pentagrid converter has two.

# The Octode | Octode pentagrid converter circuit

The pentagrid converter, is a type of radio receiving valve ( vacuum tube ) with five grids used as the frequency mixer stage of a superheterodyne radio receiver.

The All American Five was to use a pentagrid converter from when it first appeared in 1934, right up until valves became obsolete when transistors took over.

The pentagrid converter in either guise operated extremely well, but it suffered from the limitation that a strong signal was able to ' pull ' the oscillator frequency away from a weaker signal.

One of their popular pentagrid converter designs was the MX40, initially marketed in 1934.

An example would be the 6A7 pentagrid converter.

This set deviates from the more usual AA5 in that it features an Octode mixer rather than the more usual pentagrid converter | pentagrid

The same result was achieved historically by the pentagrid converter.

However, during the Great Depression, many American radio manufacturers used pentode types 6C6, 6D6, 77 and 78 in their lowest priced AC / DC receivers because they were cheaper than pentagrid type 6A7.

** 1LA6 ( loctal ) and later 1L6 ( 7-pin miniature ) – battery pentagrid for Zenith Trans-Oceanic short wave radio.

It resulted simply from the addition of a suppressor grid to the UK version of the pentagrid heptode.

In particular, for five families of lines at equal angles to each other ( or, as de Bruijn calls this arrangement, a pentagrid ) it produces a family of tilings that include the rhombic version of the Penrose tilings.

All the ingredients for the pentagrid were now in place.

Solid heterogeneous catalysts such as in automobile catalytic converter s are plated on structures designed to maximize their surface area.

Computer controlled music is also found in the performance pieces by the Canadian composer Udo Kasemets such as the Marce ( ntennia ) l Circus C ( ag ) elebrating Duchamp ( 1987 ), a realization of the Marcel Duchamp process piece Erratum Musical using an electric model train to collect a hopper-car of stones to be deposited on a drum wired to an Analog: Digital converter, mapping the stone impacts to a score display ( performed in Toronto by pianist Gordon Monahan during the 1987 Duchamp Centennial ), or his installations and performance works ( e. g. Spectrascapes ) based on his Geo ( sono ) scope ( 1986 ) 15x4-channel computer-controlled audio mixer.

After realising that, he also provided the means to build such a rail network by inventing a rotary phase converter suitable for locomotive usage.

In many computing contexts, " TTY " has become the name for any text terminal, such as an external console device, a user dialing in to the system on a modem on a serial port device, a printing or graphical computer terminal on a computer's serial port or the RS-232 port on a USB-to-RS-232 converter attached to a computer's USB port, or even a terminal emulator application in the window system using a pseudo terminal device.

Due to the large oscillating signal non-linearity of the tube response caused frequency mixing, seen on the plate current ( output ) of such a " converter " circuit.

A digital filter system usually consists of an analog-to-digital converter to sample the input signal, followed by a microprocessor and some peripheral components such as memory to store data and filter coefficients etc.

Through the use of a DC-DC converter, high DC voltages such as 48V to 72V DC can be stepped down to 36V, 24V, 18V, 12V or 5V to supply different loads.

Firmware in the camera, or a software in a raw converter program such as Adobe Camera Raw, interprets the raw data from the sensor to obtain a full color image, because the RGB color model requires three intensity values for each pixel: one each for the red, green, and blue ( other color models, when used, also require three or more values per pixel ).

For about a century, some variable-speed electric motors have had decent efficiency, but they were somewhat more complex than constant-speed motors, and sometimes required bulky external electrical apparatus, such as a bank of variable power resistors or rotating converter such as Ward Leonard drive.

Normally, the sound is transduced ( as by a microphone ) to an analog signal in the same way as for analog recording, and then the analog signal is digitized, or converted to a digital signal, through an analog-to-digital converter and then recorded onto a digital storage medium such as a compact disc or hard disk.

GeoPort slightly modified the existing Mac serial port pins to allow the computer's internal DSP hardware or software to send data that, when passed to a digital-to-analog converter, emulated various devices such as modems and fax machines.

The conventional, practical digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ) does not output a sequence of dirac impulses ( such that, if ideally low-pass filtered, result in the original signal before sampling ) but instead output a sequence of piecewise constant values or rectangular pulses.

A lack of sufficient oxygen occurs either when oxygen derived from NO < sub > x </ sub > reduction is unavailable or when certain maneuvers such as hard acceleration enrich the mixture beyond the ability of the converter to supply oxygen.

In such cases, the converter may be replaced by a welded-in section of ordinary pipe or a flanged " test pipe " ostensibly meant to check if the converter is clogged by comparing how the engine runs with versus without the converter, which facilitates reinstallation of the converter in order to pass an emission test.

Some machines with limited speed ranges or fixed engine speeds, such as some forklifts and lawn mowers, only use a torque converter to provide a variable gearing of the engine to the wheels.

Integrated circuits analog multipliers are incorporated into many applications, such as a true RMS converter, but a number of general purpose analog multiplier building blocks are available such as the Linear Four Quadrant Multiplier.

To avoid electrochemical corrosion, the ground electrodes of such systems are situated apart from the converter stations and not near the transmission cable.

Besides a cord with one end compatible to receptacles or a device from one country and the other end compatible with receptacles or devices from another country, a voltage converter is usually necessary, as well, to protect travelers ' electronic devices, such as laptops, from the differing voltages between the United States and places like Europe or Africa.

The standard 455 cubic-inch Rocket V8 was rated at and designed to run on lower octane regular lead, low-lead or unleaded gasoline for the first time this year thanks to a General Motors-mandate that all engines be designed to run on such fuels in preparation for the catalytic converter equipped cars of 1975 and later years that absolutely required unleaded gasoline.

Manual transmissions use a mechanical clutch to transmit torque, rather than a torque converter, thus avoiding the primary source of loss in an automatic transmission.

A later development of Kálmán Kandó working with both the Ganz works and Societa Italiana Westinghouse, introduced an electro-mechanical converter, allowing the use of three-phase motors powered from single-phase alternating current, thus eliminating the need for two overhead conductor wires.

The key characteristic of a torque converter is its ability to multiply torque when there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed, thus providing the equivalent of a reduction gear.

# The sequence of numbers is transmitted from storage into a digital-to-analog converter ( DAC ), which converts the numbers back to an analog signal by sticking together the level information stored in each digital sample, thus rebuilding the original analog wave form.

Also, independent software developers have released applications that can send Art-Net packets from an iPhone, thus enabling an iPhone to serve as a fully featured console when used in conjunction with an Art-Net to DMX converter or Art-Net compatible luminaries and dimmers.

The process is far slower than that of Bessemer converter and thus easier to control and take samples for quality control.

This stream of gas containing SO < sub > 2 </ sub >, after necessary cooling is passed through the catalytic converter bed column again achieving up to 99. 8 % conversion of SO < sub > 2 </ sub > to SO < sub > 3 </ sub > and the gases are again passed through the final absorption column thus resulting not only achieving high conversion efficiency for SO < sub > 2 </ sub > but also enabling production of higher concentration of sulphuric acid.

One criticism of the 1 bit converter ( and thus the DSD system ) is that because only 1 bit is used in both the signal and the feedback loop, adequate amounts of dither cannot be used in the feedback loop and distortion can be heard under some conditions.

There is a fabric tab on the convert to allow the easy removal of the convert from the original front-loading NES and the subsequent top loader ( although the cartridge was easy to access, the converter would sit in the cartridge slot of the second model in a near flush like state, thus leaving the adaptor difficult to remove ).

McFarland, his assistant John DeLorean, and their team were not satisfied with the improved pick-up of the Gear-Start Ultramatic, and modified the angle of the converter " pump " to allow a higher stall speed thus increasing the torque multiplication better suited to the torque curve of the new V8 engines.

Functionality was the same ; the first Drive position, to left of the ' D equated to High on the Gear-Start Ultramatic, while the second, situated to the right of D ', was equivalent to the Drive position on the Gear-Start, giving the driver the option of starting in either High or Low with automatic upshifts, ending with Direct Drive engagement of the torque converter, thus the Twin-designation referred to this dual Drive capability.

Although this same arrangement of epicyclics would become the precursor for the post-war automatic transmission, the automatic transmission's use of a torque converter, together with the broad power band and excess power of US V8 engines, meant that wider-spaced, thus fewer, ratios were acceptable.

However, the bit converter diminishes the rider's ability to apply the curb and snaffle functions of the pelham independently and discriminately, and thus is usually considered unsuitable for other types of riding ; it is illegal in hunt seat equitation, for example.

The TD3, like the contemporary Tiger TS6, from mid-1933 had a redesigned, more compact front-end layout, which saved 6 inches in engine and cab length, thus allowing coachbuilders to add an extra row of seats within the 26-foot body, some TD2s had pioneered options available on the TD3, such as the 8. 6-litre direct-injection diesel engine and the torque converter transmission, Leyland PSVs with this feature carried " Gearless Bus " lettering on the radiator and had the type-suffix c, for example Blackpool and Wallesey were customers for the TD3c, ( Wallesey had withdrawn all of its six wheelers after a mechanical failure caused a fatal accident ) the standard manual transmission also changed to the " silent-third " version with constant-mesh engagement, Leyland using helical gears for that ratio ; also Leyland switched from hardwood to steel bodywork framing for their standard bodies with the TD3.