Productivity is something of an amorphous concept and the amount of productivity increase in a given time period is not even well known to the industry, much less to the union or to the public.

The Roman Catholic Church sanctions only abstention or the rhythm method, also known as the use of the infertile or safe period.

As a result no comparable literature of the period is better known and better studied nor more often performed than the English madrigal.

This period had also known Augustine of Hippo, Nonius Marcellus and Martianus Capella among many others.

Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment, a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.

The oldest known name for Anatolia, " Land of the Hatti " was found for the first time on Mesopotamic cuneiform tablets from the period of the Akkadian dynasty ( 2350 – 2150 BC ).

Even though this period-known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period-in its latter part was fraught with chaos and bloody battles, it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely.

Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was the first alloy discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the bronze age ; it was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties.

Little is known about the Gutian period, or how long it endured.

2112 BC and 2004 BC is known as the Ur III period.

Although the Principate continued in theory until the reign of Diocletian, Severus Alexander's death signalled the beginning of the chaotic period known as the Crisis of the Third Century which brought the empire to near collapse.

The 1830 – 1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy.

His two earlies known works date back to this period: two statues of saints, made of chalk, in the Oratory of Santa Maria della Vita in Bologna.

* 1910 – The Japan – Korea Treaty of 1910, also known as the Japan – Korea Annexation Treaty, becomes effective, officially starting the period of Japanese rule in Korea.

It was known as Asuristan during this period, and became a main centre of the Church of the East ( now the Assyrian Church of the East ), with a flourishing Syriac ( Assyrian ) Christian culture which exists there to this day.

There is scattered evidence to suggest that the oldest known astrological references are copies of texts made during this period.

Salieri met Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi better known as Metastasio and Christoph Willibald Gluck during this period at the famous Sunday morning salons held at the home of the Martinez family.

* 1948 – In Jeju, South Korea, a civil-war-like period of violence and human rights abuses begins, known as the Jeju massacre.

Between the years 1926 and 1937 Bertelli was the technical director of Aston Martin, and the designer of all subsequent Aston Martin cars during this period, these being known as the " Bertelli cars ".

For a period after World War I, Steiner was extremely active and well known in Germany, in part because he lectured widely proposing social reforms.

When the office of Lord High Admiral was in commission, as it was for most of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries until it reverted to the Crown, it was exercised by a Board of Admiralty, officially known as the Commissioners for Exercising the Office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, & c. ( alternatively of England, Great Britain or the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland depending on the period ).

The orbit is poorly known, with an estimated period of 878 years.

Numbers that are members of an aliquot sequence with period greater than 2 are known as sociable numbers.

Conversely the use of true brass seems to have declined in Western Europe during this period in favour of gunmetals and other mixed alloys but by the end of the first Millennium AD brass artefacts are found in Scandinavian graves in Scotland, brass was being used in the manufacture of coins in Northumbria and there is archaeological and historical evidence for the production of brass in Germany and The Low Countries areas rich in calamine ore which would remain important centres of brass making throughout the medieval period, especially Dinant – brass objects are still collectively known as dinanterie in French.

This play, The Persians, is the only extant classical Greek tragedy concerned with recent history ( very few of that kind were ever written ) and it is a useful source of information about that period.

Around the same time, on the North slope, in a cave next to the one dedicated to Pan since the classical period, a sanctuary was founded where the archons dedicated to Apollo on taking office.

A number of at least partly neo-Assyrian kingdoms existed in the area between in the late classical and early Christian period also ; Adiabene, Hatra and Osroene.

In the classical period of Greek mythology, Artemis ( Greek: ( nominative ), ( genitive ) ) was often described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo.

These came from Buddhist beliefs ; the classical Chinese elements (, go gyô ) are also prominent in Japanese culture, especially to the influential Neo-Confucianists during the Edo period.

During the classical Greek period cavalry were usually limited to those citizens who could afford expensive war-horses.

The Renaissance period saw renewed interest in the ruins left by the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, and the fertile development of a new architecture based on classical principles.

The architecture of every subsequent period of European architecture was based on the classical orders.

Delphi is perhaps best known for the oracle at the sanctuary that was dedicated to Apollo during the classical period.

Digamma / wau is in turn the ancestor of the Latin letter F. As an alphabetic letter it is attested in archaic and dialectal ancient Greek inscriptions until the classical period.

Diocletian's reign marks the end of the classical period of Roman law.

It is uncertain why he did this, as there were many more opportunities for him under the King than the new order ; some people suggest David's love for the classical made him embrace everything about that period, including a republican government.

His plays and those of Aeschylus and Sophocles indicate a difference in outlook between the three mena generation gap probably due to the Sophistical enlightenment in the middle decades of the fifth century: Aeschylus still looked back to the archaic period, Sophocles was in transition between periods, and Euripides was fully imbued with the new spirit of the classical age.

Hollywood's classical film noir period is generally regarded as extending from the early 1940s to the late 1950s.

Many pictures released from the 1960s onward share attributes with film noir of the classical period, and often treat its conventions self-referentially.

A number of important legal institutions were developed by Muslim jurists during the classical period of Islam, known as the Islamic Golden Age.

Additionally, Hercules recalled the classical age of the Greeks and the Romans, a period which the revolutionaries identified with republican and democratic ideals.

In the interpretation of the currently dominant view of classical economic theory developed by neoclassical economists, the term " factors " did not exist until after the classical period and is not to be found in any of the literature of that time.

This is consistent with the theological treatment of some Greek, Roman, and Egyptian deities in the late classical period.

Most ancient cultures have had conceptions of a flat Earth, including Greece until the classical period, the Bronze Age and Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period, India until the Gupta period ( early centuries AD ) and China until the 17th century.

A cow-headed Hera, like a Minotaur would be at odds with the maternal image of the later classical period.