Kusari was used in samurai armour at least from the time of the Mongol invasion ( 1270s ) but particularly from the Nambokucho period ( 1336 – 1392 ).

In the later Middle Ages, destructive Mongol invasions from the East, and the loss of population in the Black Death, greatly weakened the traditional centre of the Islamic world, stretching from Persia to Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire was able to conquer most Arabic-speaking areas, creating an Islamic world power again, although one that was unable to master the challenges of the Early Modern period.

Report of a massacre in the close by Bamiyan is recorded around this period, where the entire population of the valley was annihilated by the Mongol troops as a revenge for the death of Genghis Khan's grandson.

Certain Japanese swordsmiths of this period began to make blades with thicker backs and bigger points as a response to the Mongol threat.

Louis exchanged multiple letters and emissaries with Mongol rulers of the period.

In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages, and after its conquests in Asia the Mongol Empire stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe.

After a period of expansion under the Mongol Empire, the church went into decline through the 14th century, and was eventually confined largely to its heartland in what is now Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and to the Malabar Coast of India.

Some scholars believe that during the early historical period the inhabitants were fierce mountain aborigines, the Monpa, who were of neither the Tibetan or Mongol stock that later overran northern Bhutan.

In the late 13th century, Bulgaria was squeezed between the advancing Mongol hordes from the north and the Latin Empire from the south, eventually becoming a Mongol tributary state for a period of 25 years.

The Abbasid historical period lasting to 1258 ( Mongol conquest of Baghdad ) is considered the Islamic Golden Age.

During this period, the Mongol troops led by Genghis carried out six rounds of attacks against Western Xia over a period of twenty-two years ( 1202, 1207, 1209 – 10, 1211 – 13, 1214 – 19, 1225 – 26 ).

Since before the Heian period, the area was dominated by fishermen and sailors who played an important role in defending Japan against pirates and Mongol invasions.

Along with Moscow and Tver, Nizhny Novgorod was among several newly-founded towns that escaped Mongol devastation on account of their insignificance, but grew into ( great ) centers in vassalic Russian political life during the period of the Tatar Yoke.

In the thirteenth century, Genghis Khan unified the northern grasslands of Mongolia and led the Mongol troops to carry out six rounds of attacks against Tangut over a period of twenty-two years ( 1202, 1207, 1209 – 10, 1211 – 13, 1214 – 19, 1225 – 26 ).

One of the more definite sources of Tangut Buddhism was Wutaishan, where both Huayan and Esoteric Buddhism flourished since the late Tang period up to the time of Mongol invasion.

The movie, strong on special effects of the period ( flying carpet, magic rope and fearsome monsters ) and featuring massive Arabian-style sets, also proved to be a stepping stone for Anna May Wong, who portrayed a treacherous Mongol slave.

At least one-third of the Mongol force was destroyed, and perhaps half of the conscripted Song forces to the south over a two-day period of August 15-16.

Late Imperial China refers to the period between the end of Mongol rule in 1368 and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 and includes the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In the Kamakura period, Japan successfully repulsed Mongol invasions and this started a change to conscripted armies with a core of samurai as an elite force and as commanders.

It would seem, too, that because the long period that separated the initial and final Mongol settlements, the Mongolic language itself was not homogeneous, containing as it did not only Middle Mongol but also modern Mongol elements .”

In British English, according to Hart's Rules, the general rule is that abbreviations ( in the narrow sense that includes only words with the ending, and not the middle, dropped ) terminate with a full stop ( period ), whereas contractions ( in the sense of words missing a middle part ) do not.

* 1910 – The Japan – Korea Treaty of 1910, also known as the Japan – Korea Annexation Treaty, becomes effective, officially starting the period of Japanese rule in Korea.

* Full stops / Periods in abbreviations: Americans tend to write Mr., Mrs., St., Dr .; the British will most often write Mr, Mrs, St, Dr, following the rule that a full stop / period is used only when the last letter of the abbreviation is not the last letter of the complete word.

It also remained the spoken tongue of the indigenous Assyrian / Babylonian citizens of all Mesopotamia under Persian, Greek and Roman rule, and indeed well into the Arab period it was still the language of the majority, particularly in the north of Mesopotamia, surviving to this day among the Assyrian Christians.

His loyalty to the emperor Frederick, and the expenses incurred in this connection, aroused some irritation among his subjects, but his rule was a period of prosperity in Saxony.

The army remained in power for 4 years ; on June 14, 1970, the Voltans ratified a new constitution that established a 4-year transition period toward complete civilian rule.

As a national revival occurred towards the end of the period of Ottoman rule ( mostly during the 19th century ), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged which drew heavily on Church Slavonic / Old Bulgarian ( and to some extent on literary Russian, which had preserved many lexical items from Church Slavonic ) and later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkanic loans.

Throughout the colonial period, large areas of Chad were never governed effectively: in the huge BET Prefecture, the handful of French military administrators usually left the people alone, and in central Chad, French rule was only slightly more substantive.

The second period was characterized by the Spanish attempts to reimpose arbitrary rule during the period known as the Reconquista of 1814 – 1817 (" Reconquest ": the term echoes the Reconquista in which the Christian kingdoms retook Iberia from the Muslims ).

During this period, the harsh rule of the Spanish loyalists, who punished suspected rebels, drove more and more Chileans into the insurrectionary camp.

This name was used in Turkish side by side with Kostantiniyye, the more formal adaptation of the original Constantinople, during the period of Ottoman rule, while western languages mostly continued to refer to the city as Constantinople until the early 20th century.

Thus, Confucius could not achieve the idealistic reform that he wanted and restore the legitimate rule of the duke, returning to the period of the Duke of Zhou.

While only Revelation speaks of a period of a thousand years for Christ ’ s rule on Earth, there are numerous other prophecies in both testaments concerning a future age of peace.

Some interpret a literal, future, thousand-year time period in which Christ will rule over the Earth, a time which will be characterized by peace and harmony.

The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.

This does not rule out Cimbric Gallicization during the period when they lived in Gaul

The CPC defeated the Nationalists in 1949, forcing Chiang's government to retreat to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted people critical of his rule in a period known as the " White Terror ".

Since the KMT had completed the first step of revolution through seizure of power in 1928, Chiang's rule thus began a period of what his party considered to be " political tutelage " in Sun Yat-sen's name.

Due to concerns about widespread and well-documented corruption in Chiang's government throughout his rule ( though not always with his knowledge ), the U. S. government limited aid to Chiang for much of the period of 1946 to 1948, in the midst of fighting against the People's Liberation Army led by Mao Zedong.

There were several exceptions from the general rule of quick civil wars during this period.

* Colonial history of the United States, the period of American history from the 17th century to 1776, under the rule of Great Britain, France and Spain

* Spanish colonization of the Americas, the period of history of Spanish rule over most of the Americas, from the 15th century through the late 19th century

From Tshombe's secession of the Katanga, to the assassination of Lumumba, to the two coups d ' état of Mobutu, the country has known periods of true nationwide peace, but virtually no period of genuine democratic rule.

Rather, a Dictator was a person given sole power ( unlike the normal Roman republican practice, where rule was divided between two equal Consuls ) for a specific limited period, in order to deal with an emergency.