This punishment and the degradation to the rank of an aerarian were originally the same ; but when in the course of time a distinction was made between the rural or rustic tribes and the urban tribes, the motio e tribu transferred a person from the rustic tribes to the less respectable city tribes, and if the further degradation to the rank of an aerarian was combined with the motio e tribu, it was always expressly stated.

English " knight " and German and Dutch Knecht are clearly related ( though pronounced differently ), and originally had also a similar meaning, denoting a person rather low in the social scale.

John Lindow states that most details about Hel, as a figure, are not found outside of Snorri's writing in Gylfaginning, and says that when older skaldic poetry " says that people are ' in ' rather than ' with ' Hel, we are clearly dealing with a place rather than a person, and this is assumed to be the older conception ," that the noun and place Hel likely originally simply meant " grave ," and that " the personification came later.

" Idiot " originally referred to " layman, person lacking professional skill ", " person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning ".

Return to Castle Wolfenstein is a first person shooter video game published by Activision and originally released on November 19, 2001 for Microsoft Windows, Playstation 2, Xbox, Linux and Macintosh.

The first flight of Columbia ( STS-1 ) was commanded by John Young, a Gemini and Apollo veteran who was the ninth person to walk on the Moon in 1972, and piloted by Robert Crippen, a rookie astronaut originally selected to fly on the military's Manned Orbital Laboratory ( MOL ) spacecraft, but transferred to NASA after its cancellation, and served as a support crew member for the Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz missions.

A courtesan was originally a female courtier, which means a person who attends the court of a monarch or other powerful person.

Dementia ( taken from Latin, originally meaning " madness ", from de-" without " + ment, the root of mens " mind ") is a serious loss of global cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging.

A stakeholder was originally a person who temporarily holds money or other property while its owner is being determined.

Smith also had a daughter, Catherine H. Smith of Los Angeles, by his March 1942 marriage to the former Benedicte " Bennie " Traberg ( September 25, 1921 — October 29, 2008 ), then a 20-year-old journalist originally from Denmark, whom Smith called the most impressive person he had ever known " far above presidents and generals ".

Every time you move to a new page, however, the server must believe that you are the same person who originally signed in ( otherwise it will refuse ).

At a dinner party, Phil meets Minify's divorced niece Kathy Lacey ( Dorothy McGuire ), who turns out to be the person who originally suggested the story idea.

The scientists fabricated saliva and blood samples, which originally contained DNA from a person other than the supposed donor of the blood and saliva.

Nick is a term originally used to identify a person in a system for synchronous conferencing.

Guided by knowledge of what originally transpired stored in Ziggy's databases, as well as Al's own experiences, Sam is able to escape from a crash that originally took the life of the pilot, and changing history ; as he does so, he finds himself " leaping ", ending up assuming the identity of a different person at a different point in history.

Freud considered that " the id, the whole person ... originally includes all the instinctual impulses ... the destructive instinct as well.

Article 32, which provides that " No person shall be denied the right of access to the courts ," originally drafted to recognize criminal due process rights, is now understood as source of due process rights for civil and administrative law cases.

Surnames were uncommon prior to the 12th century, and still somewhat rare into the 13th ; most European surnames were originally occupational or locational, and served to distinguish one person from another if they happened to live near one another ( e. g., two different people named John could conceivably be identified as ' John Butcher ' and ' John Chandler ').

" O " was originally Ó which in turn came from Ua, which means " grandson ", or " descendant " ( of a named person ).

It had originally referred to a person who computes, but was adapted to apply to a machine.

Curiously, the name " Ben " is the alias of Obi-Wan Kenobi, the person whom the classic line was originally addressed to.

The basic form is a series of questions formulated as tests of logic and fact intended to help a person or group discover their beliefs about some topic, exploring the definitions or logoi ( singular logos ), seeking to characterize the general characteristics shared by various particular instances.

The Court formulated the famous " one person, one vote " standard under American jurisprudence for legislative redistricting, holding that each individual had to be weighted equally in legislative apportionment ; this principle was formally enunciated in the 1964 case Reynolds v. Sims.

Islamic jurists later formulated the concept of the rule of law, the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law of the land, where no person is above the law and where officials and private citizens are under a duty to obey the same law.

In the process of writing the dissertation, Volf formulated an alternative theology of work, primarily situated in ecclesiology and eschatology, rather than in the doctrine of creation or of salvation, and associated with the Third, rather than the First or Second person of the Trinity.

: Is there any teaching in the prior art, as a whole, that would, not simply could, have prompted the skilled person, faced with the objective technical problem formulated when considering the technical features not disclosed by the closest prior art, to modify or adapt said closest prior art while taking account of that teaching teaching of the prior art, not just the teaching of the closest prior art, thereby arriving at something falling within the terms of the claims, and thus achieving what the invention achieves?

Gray v. Sanders, 372 U. S. 368 ( 1963 ), was a Supreme Court of the United States case dealing with equal representation in regard to the American election system and formulated the famous " one person, one vote " standard for legislative districting.

Very often theories are named after the person who first formulated the theory ( e. g. Luddism ).

It is very important indeed, in the field of extra-sensory perception and its relation to the survival hypothesis, to know whether the statements are actually only those which any intuitive person might venture and an eager sitter attach to himself.

If the first person accepts the hypothesis that " All ravens are black " then, according to the argument, about 50 objects whose colors were previously in doubt ( the ravens ) are now thought to be black, while nothing different is thought about the remaining objects ( the non-ravens ).

On the other hand, if the second person accepts the hypothesis that " All non-black objects are non-ravens ", then the approximately 50 non-black objects about which it was uncertain whether each was a raven, will be thought to be non-ravens.

According to the studies previously discussed it seems that the hypothesis is supported and that attentional bias has an effect on eating disorders, on how a person restricts their diet and body dissatisfaction.

His report used forensic entomology as tool to prove his hypothesis on how and when the person had died.

The purpose of this exercise is to ascertain the relative importance of the event, incident or person the counterfactual hypothesis is negating.

He also is perhaps the first person to explain strange human appearances and disappearances by the hypothesis of alien abduction, and was an early proponent of the extraterrestrial hypothesis.

Beyond the normal utility maximizing agents, the efficient-market hypothesis requires that agents have rational expectations ; that on average the population is correct ( even if no one person is ) and whenever new relevant information appears, the agents update their expectations appropriately.

A person ’ s assumptions or beliefs about the relationship between observations and a hypothesis will affect whether that person takes the observations as evidence.

Note that a causal relationship between the observations and hypothesis does not exist to cause the observation to be taken as evidence, but rather the causal relationship is provided by the person seeking to establish observations as evidence.

Although exact motives behind complex social behaviors are difficult to distinguish, the " ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and experience events and emotions the way that person experienced them " is the definitive factor for truly altruistic behavior according to Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis.

Per the context, this man was an Israelite by lineage, which ( if the Kenizzite hypothesis holds ) would make it implausible that he and the other Caleb are the same person ( even though the Talmud argues so in Sotah 11b ).

In the same studies they also tested the classic person / disposition vs. situation hypothesis and consistently found no support for it.

Cued Speech is based on the hypothesis that if all the sounds in the spoken language looked clearly different from each other on the lips of the speaker, the hearing impaired would learn the language in much the same way as does the hearing person, but through vision rather than audition.

The hypothesis is that the reactions to illness, death, and loss are as unique as the person experiencing them.

This hypothesis suggests that two patients might have the same brain pathology, with one person experiencing noticeable clinical symptoms, while the other continues to function relatively normally.

A hypothesis suggests that Anund and Inge the Elder were the same person, as several sources mention Inge as a fervent Christian, and the Hervarar saga describes how Inge also was rejected for refusing to administer the blóts and that he was exiled in Västergötland.

A hypothesis suggests that Anund and Inge were the same person, as several sources mention Inge as a fervent Christian.

The author of the first hypothesis concerning B. Traven's identity was the German journalist, writer and anarchist Erich Mühsam, who conjectured that the person who hides behind the pseudonym was the former actor and journalist Ret Marut.

In this hypothesis, if a person travels back to kill his grandfather before one of his parents is conceived, then it will cause himself to disappear.

This hypothesis argues that dopamine assists decision-making by influencing the priority, or level of desire, of such stimuli to the person concerned.