In the 1882, after the vineyards of France, Spain, and Portugal were struck by the deadly phylloxera louse, it was determined that grapes bred by Neosho winemaker Hermann Jaeger were resistant to the louse.

However, in the late 19th century, the entire species was nearly destroyed by the plant louse phylloxera accidentally introduced to Europe from North America.

So far Chile has remained free of phylloxera louse which means that the country's grapevines do not need to be grafted.

Chile's natural boundaries ( Pacific Ocean, Andes Mountain, Atacama Desert to the north and Antarctica to the south ) has left it relatively isolated from other parts of the world and has served to be beneficial in keeping the phylloxera louse at bay.

In the mid-19th century, the phylloxera louse destroyed much of the Vitis vinifera grape crop in France.

In the 19th century, Vitis labrusca was among the American vines transported to Europe that were carrying the phylloxera louse which would cause wide spread devastation to the European vineyards planted with Vitis vinifera.

By the 1880s, the French brandy industry was devastated by the phylloxera pest that ruined much of the grape crop ; as a result, whisky became the primary liquor in many markets.

When a phylloxera outbreak in the last quarter of the 19th century devastated the vineyards of France and Europe, calvados experienced a " golden age ".

The vineyards of Penedès were devastated by the phylloxera plague, and the predominantly red vines were being replaced by large numbers of vines producing white grapes.

In 1894 the Jerez region was devastated by the insect phylloxera.

Prior to the phylloxera epidemic, the insect plague which devastated French vineyards in the 19th century, these interspersed cuttings were transported to Chile where the field blends are still common today.

Around this time the primary ingredient changed from cognac to rye whiskey due to the phylloxera epidemic in Europe that devastated France's wine grape crops.

After phylloxera devastated the Madeira's vineyards the grape became more common on the mainland, where it is known as Esgana or Esgana Cão.

In 1850, the island's vineyards were devastated by the phylloxera plague, which had a terrible affect on the economy until the development of the orange industry ( about 1860 ).

In the late 19th century the phylloxera epidemic devastated the area wiping out the majority of the region's vines.

The town suffered a strong decline in the early 20th century as a consequence of the spread of phylloxera in the regions vineyards, which devastated wine production.

Known principally for the production of red wine from the Pinot Noir grape until the 20th century, the Sancerre area was devastated by phylloxera in the late 19th century.

" But vineyards across the region were badly hit in the 1890s when the phylloxera disease struck, and Eschol Park was devastated.

Just as the industry was recovering through the use of the sulfur-based Bordeaux mixture fungicide, the phylloxera epidemic that had plagued France and other European wine regions reached the island.

In North America it formed hybrids with native species from the Vitis genus ; some of these were intentional hybrids created to combat phylloxera, an insect pest which affected the European grapevine to a much greater extent than North American ones and in fact managed to devastate European wine production in a matter of years.

As the French and other European wine regions recovered from the phylloxera scourge by grafting Vitis vinifera varieties to American rootstock, it was discovered that Mourvèdre vines did not take well to the grafting and many vineyards were replanted to other varieties.

First came oidium and then the phylloxera epidemic would take its toll on the vineyards of Chianti just as they had ravaged vineyards across the rest of Europe.

Most vineyards were destroyed by phylloxera in the 19th century, and very slowly were reconstituted.

This was an outcome of the devastation of Madeiran vineyards by phylloxera in the late 19th century, after which, production of Malvasia and other " noble grape " varieties on Madeira was greatly reduced for the next century.

In 1895 the phylloxera killed big areas of vineyards in the region of Reus and many of this areas were changed to hazelnuts.

Large amounts of Pinot were planted in central Moldova during the 19th century, but much was lost to the ravages of phylloxera ; Soviet control of Moldova from 1940 to 1991 also reduced the productivity of vineyards.

But, the spread of powdery mildew and phylloxera during the middle of the 19th Century destroyed many of the vineyards creating a crisis on the island that lasted until the 20th Century.

This situation was compounded by the widespread crisis of traditional agriculture, and by the epidemic of phylloxera blight in the vineyards, all of which accounted for Marbella's high unemployment, increase in poverty, and the starvation of many day laborers.

The period around the turn of the 20th Century was characterized both by the influx of many new, non-local families and by phylloxera disease outbreaks in the vineyards.

The decline of Viognier in France from its historic peak has much to do with the disastrous introduction of phylloxera insects from North America into Europe in the mid-and late-19th century, followed by the abandonment of the vineyards due to the chaos of World War I.

Despite its prevalence in nearby Navarra and Catalonia, Garnacha was not widely planted in the Rioja till the early 20th century as vineyards were replanted following the phylloxera epidemic.

Just as the vineyards were being built back up, they were hit first by oidium in the 1880s, and then by the phylloxera epidemic.

The 1880s saw the dual devastation of powdery mildew and phylloxera which ravaged vineyards.

Sonoma Valley is home to some of the earliest vineyards and wineries in the state, some of which survived the phylloxera epidemic of the 1870s and the impact of Prohibition.

However the vineyards were decimated by phylloxera and the KWV cooperative that ran most of the industry under apartheid gave little encouragement to produce quality wine.

The second occurred when the phylloxera epidemic reached Tokaj in 1885 and destroyed the vast majority of the vineyards in a matter of years.

The Sun King, Louis XIV is also supposed to have been fond of the wine, which helped maintain its reputation until the vineyards were affected by the phylloxera epidemic.

In 1868 the relics of St. Valentine arrived after being purchased from Rome by Maximilian Richard, a local dignitary as it was believed that the relics would protect the vines from phylloxera which ravaged the vineyards in 1866.

The vines are extremely old and resistant to phylloxera ( attributed by local winemakers to the well-drained volcanic soil and its chemistry ), so the vines needed no replacement during the great phylloxera epidemic of the early 20th century.

The title Côtes de Provence was already in use in 1848, but production was nearly destroyed by phylloxera later in that century, and took decades to recover.

Sheep farming did not lead to the prosperity hoped for and wine growing, which was badly hit by the phylloxera crisis during the closing decades of the 19th century, has had to compete with other more established areas of France.

Its origins are nevertheless unclear: In De re rustica, Columella describes a grape variety similar to Pinot noir in Burgundy during the 1st century AD, however, vines have grown wild as far north as Belgium in the days before phylloxera, and it is possible that Pinot represents a direct domestication of ( hermaphrodite-flowered ) Vitis sylvestris.

Nonetheless, plantings of Nebbiolo continued to grow during the 19th century until the phylloxera epidemic hit.

The 19th century brought a series of calamities to most wine producing regions of Italy-including the phylloxera epidemic, oidium, downy mildew and the political upheaval of the Risorgimento.

In the nineteenth century, the city growth through the exploitation of the muscatel raisins and grapes for the wine production, but the plague of phylloxera ruined crops across the province.

Baco Blanc was bred in 1898 by French grape breeder François Baco from a crossing of the Vitis vinifera Folle Blanche, which was having difficulties taking to the rootstock grafting after the phylloxera epidemic of the mid to late 19th century, and the American hybrid grape Noah ( itself a previously crossing of an unknown Vitis labrusca species and the Vitis riparia grape Taylor.

Baco Blanc is found primarily in France and was one of the " work-horse " hybrids that the country turned to following the phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century.

The science of ampelography began seriously in the 19th century, when it suddenly became important to understand more about the different species of vine, as they had very different resistance to disease and pests such as phylloxera.

There it had a well established foothold until the phylloxera epidemic of the mid to late 19th century decimated plantings.

After the phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century and with declining interest in the variety for most of the 20th century, there were less than 900 ha in 1968, mostly in the southern Rhône and the Bandol AOC of Provence.

) The region was also one of the first Rhône regions to make use of new oak barrels for aging, though the practice did fall out of favor in the late 19th century following the phylloxera epidemic.