While their coordinate distance ( comoving distance ) remains constant, the physical distance between two such comoving points expands proportionally with the scale factor of the Universe.

One reason for the popularity of the dissociation constant in biochemistry and pharmacology is that in the frequently encountered case where x = y = 1, K < sub > d </ sub > has a simple physical interpretation: when = K < sub > d </ sub >, = or equivalently /(+)= 1 / 2.

In light of the physical interpretation, a vector field with constant zero divergence is called incompressible or solenoidal – in this case, no net flow can occur across any closed surface.

The magnetic moment of the electron was measured to a precision of eleven digits, which, in 1980, was a greater accuracy than for any other physical constant.

According to Boztepe, his early days in Germany were difficult due to his Turkish heritage — he was a constant target for racial insults and, more often than not, verbal abuse would escalate into physical abuse.

Hence, with respect to an inertial frame, an object or body accelerates only when a physical force is applied, and ( following Newton's first law of motion ), in the absence of a net force, a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will continue to move uniformly — that is, in a straight line and at constant speed.

Bobby is fiercely protective of those he considers friends, going as far as to threaten to kill his teammate Northstar for leaving Angel in a potentially dangerous situation, keeping constant vigil by Cannonball's bedside while Sam recovered from his injury from Sinister, and engaging in physical confrontation with Cyclops for questioning Rogue's judgment as a team leader.

* Boltzmann constant ( k < sub > B </ sub >), the physical constant which relates temperature to energy

First, he logically separates the Platonic world of constant change from the formally knowable world of fixed physical objects.

A physical constant is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time.

It can be contrasted with a mathematical constant, which is a fixed numerical value, but does not directly involve any physical measurement.

There are many physical constants in science, some of the most widely recognized being the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, Planck's constant h, the electric constant ε < sub > 0 </ sub >, and the elementary charge e. Physical constants can take many dimensional forms: the speed of light signifies a maximum speed limit of the Universe and is expressed dimensionally as length divided by time ; while the fine-structure constant α, which characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction, is dimensionless.

Whereas the physical quantity indicated by any physical constant does not depend on the unit system used to express the quantity, the numerical values of dimensional physical constants do depend on the unit used.

However, the term fundamental physical constant is also used in other ways.

For example, the National Institute of Standards and Technology uses the term to refer to any universal physical quantity believed to be constant, such as the speed of light, c, and the gravitational constant G.

The solution was to realize that the quantities initially appearing in the theory's formulae ( such as the formula for the Lagrangian ), representing such things as the electron's electric charge and mass, as well as the normalizations of the quantum fields themselves, did not actually correspond to the physical constants measured in the laboratory.

Only after 1915, with the suggestion and evidence that this Z number was also the nuclear charge and a physical characteristic of atoms, did the word and its English equivalent atomic number come into common use.

The no-hair theorem states that, once it achieves a stable condition after formation, a black hole has only three independent physical properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum.

The dimension of a physical quantity is the combination of the basic physical dimensions ( usually mass, length, time, electric charge, and temperature ) which describe it ; for example, speed has the dimension length per time, and may be measured in meters per second, miles per hour, or other units.

* Static electricity, from the physical separation and transport of charge ( examples: triboelectric effect and lightning )

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge.

The field lines are the paths that a point positive charge would seek to make as it was forced to move within the field ; they are however an imaginary concept with no physical existence, and the field permeates all the intervening space between the lines.

Electric charge is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when near other electrically charged matter.

This test establishes the minimum physical size a charge of a specific explosive must be to sustain its own detonation wave.

This procedure requires the firing of a series of charges of the same density and physical structure, but different diameters, and the extrapolation of the resulting detonation velocities to predict the detonation velocity of a charge of infinite diameter.

* Filtration differs from adsorption, where it is not the physical size of particles that causes separation but the effects of surface charge.

The first method relies on differences in the particles ' intrinsic physical properties, such as mass, electric charge, and spin.

For example, the recommended symbol for the physical quantity ' mass ' is m, and the recommended symbol for the quantity ' charge ' is Q.

They argue, for example, that physical magnitudes such as electrical charge cannot be explicitly defined either, in terms of more basic things, but only in terms of what they do ( such as attracting and repelling other electrical charges ).

The basic instruction of pankration techniques was conducted by the paedotribae ( παιδοτρίβαι, " physical trainers "), who were in charge of boys ' physical education.

" Voluntary " has been described as " an elusive term which has come to mean not induced by ' improper ' inducements, such as bribing or physical violence, but not including the inducements normally associated with charge and sentence bargaining ( except for inducements involving ' overcharging ' by prosecutors ).

This sputtering process is characterized by a strong dependence of the observed sputtering yields on the charge state of the impinging ion and can already take place at ion impact energies well below the physical sputtering threshold.

The absence of net charge and momentum would follow from accepted physical laws ( Gauss's law and the non-divergence of the stress-energy-momentum pseudotensor, respectively ), if the universe were finite.

There is no explanation for the particular values that physical constants appear to have throughout our universe, such as Planck's constant h or the gravitational constant G. Several conservation laws have been identified, such as the conservation of charge, momentum, angular momentum and energy ; in many cases, these conservation laws can be related to symmetries or mathematical identities.

The only member of the UC administration who knew its true purpose — indeed, the only one who knew its exact physical location — was the Secretary-Treasurer Robert Underhill, who was in charge of wartime contracts and liabilities.

The elementary charge is one of the fundamental physical constants and accurate knowledge of its value is of great importance.

The statcoulomb ( statC ) or franklin ( Fr ) or electrostatic unit of charge ( esu ) is the physical unit for electrical charge used in the centimetre-gram-second system of units ( cgs ) and Gaussian units.

the moral powers no more than the physical and mental, can bear overstraining.

Position may not be everything, but in the case of a pool it can certainly contribute difficulties, social and/or physical.

Look at the physical features of the land to determine how desirable it is for use, what can be done to correct the faults, and what it will cost to make the area meet your needs in comparison to other sites.

The higher heat transfer rates at the anode compared with those at the cathode can be explained by the physical phenomena occurring in free burning arcs.

In the new situation, philosophy is able to provide the social sciences with the same guidance that mathematics offers the physical sciences, a reservoir of logical relations that can be used in framing hypotheses having explanatory and predictive value.

The same conclusions can be drawn from the other physical evidence of the Dark ages, from linguistic distribution, and from the survivals of early social, political, and religious patterns into later ages.

The entire concept of cerebral imagery as the physical basis of a mental image can find no logical support.

Folk-lore, superstition and remembered passages from erotic literature can create physical and emotional problems if blindly taken as scientific facts and useful hints.

Now while he uses talk, caresses or requires caresses from her, his bride will sympathetically understand the situation and eagerly help him restore his physical situation so they can have the consummation they both so eagerly desire.

This conclusion is based on two propositions: that man by the use of his reason can ascertain God's purpose in the universe and that God makes known His purpose by certain `` given '' physical arrangements.

White people hold the line as long as they can, and in as many ways as they can, from verbal intimidation to physical violence.

Using visual imagery of a soroban, one can arrive at the answer in the same time as, or even faster than, is possible with a physical instrument.

The standard ampere is most accurately realized using a watt balance, but is in practice maintained via Ohm's Law from the units of electromotive force and resistance, the volt and the ohm, since the latter two can be tied to physical phenomena that are relatively easy to reproduce, the Josephson junction and the quantum Hall effect, respectively.

Physicians can find evidence of sensory ataxia during physical examination by having the patient stand with his / her feet together and eyes shut.

The movement disorders associated with ataxia can be managed by pharmacological treatments and through physical therapy and occupational therapy to reduce disability.

Chemists can use isotope analysis to assist analysts with issues in anthropology, archeology, food chemistry, forensics, geology, and a host of other questions of physical science.

* Shape-shifting: Shape-shifters can alter their physical form and abilities.

The term may also refer to the physical region where the electron can be calculated to be, as defined by the particular mathematical form of the orbital.

It can be defined as a difference, when measured along different axes, in a material's physical or mechanical properties ( absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, tensile strength, etc.

Its chemical and physical properties are so similar to that of natural amethyst that it can not be differentiated with absolute certainty without advanced gemnological testing ( which is often cost-prohibitive ).

There is no distinction made in Scotland between assault and battery ( which is not a term used in Scots law ), although, as in England and Wales, assault can be occasioned without a physical attack on another's person, as demonstrated in Atkinson v. HM Advocate wherein the accused was found guilty of assaulting a shop assistant by simply jumping over a counter wearing a ski mask.

In the Anticlaudianus he sums up as follows: Reason, guided by prudence, can unaided discover most of the truths of the physical order ; for the apprehension of religious truths it must trust to faith.

However, he thinks that these too occur out of necessity since an outside observer can see the same regularity that he would in a purely physical system.

Allotropes are different structural forms of the same element and can exhibit quite different physical properties and chemical behaviours.