The high-energy part of that population ( about 1 MeV ) became known as the " outer radiation belt ", but its bulk is at lower energies ( peak about 65 keV ) and is identified as the ring current plasma.

The rest is injected into the inner magnetosphere where it results in the aurora and the ring current plasma population.

Treatment for multiple myeloma is focused on therapies that decrease the clonal plasma cell population and consequently decrease the signs and symptoms of disease.

The mechanism producing population inversion and light amplification in a HeNe laser plasma

Sakharov then tested a MK-driven " plasma cannon " where a small aluminium ring was vaporized by huge eddy currents into a stable, self-confined toroidal plasmoid and was accelerated to 100 km / s.

In a magnetic storm, plasma is added to the ring current, making it temporarily stronger, and the field at Earth is observed to weaken by up to 1-2 %.

# The ring current field, carried by plasma trapped in the dipole-like field around Earth, typically at distances 3 – 8 R < SUB > E </ SUB > ( less during large storms ).

( A small counterclockwise ring current flows at the inner edge of the ring, caused by the fall-off in plasma density as Earth is approached.

; Heliac: ( Literally ) helical axis stellarator ; a stellarator in which the magnetic axis ( and plasma ) follows a helical path to form a toroidal helix rather than a simple ring shape.

Gram-negative organisms have 4 such rings: the L ring associates with the lipopolysaccharides, the P ring associates with peptidoglycan layer, the M ring is embedded in the plasma membrane, and the S ring is directly attached to the plasma membrane.

– S / M – sacred prostitution – Marquis de Sade – sadism – sadist – sadomasochism – sadomasochistic sacrifice – safe sex – safe, sane and consensual – safer sex – safeword – saliromania – salirophilia – salpingectomy – salpingitis – same-sex marriage – same-sex partnership – sanitary napkin – sanitary pad – sanitary towel – sanky-panky – sapphic – sapphism – saptha padhi – Sarcoptes scabiei – satan worship – satyr – satyriasis – saucy seaside postcard-sausage party – scabies – scarfing – scarification – scat – scatology – scatophilia – scene ( BDSM ) – scopophilia – scoptolagnia – scoptophilia – scratching ( sexology ) – Screw magazine – scrotal inflation – scrotal infusion – scrotal piercing – scrotal stretching – scrotum – scuba fetishism – second skin – secondary sex characteristic – secondary virginity – secret vice – secular law – seduction – see-through clothing – self-abuse – self-bondage – self-isolation – semen – semen allergy – semen swapping – semen-loss anxiety – semen-loss syndrome – semeniferous tubules – seminal colliculus – seminal plasma – seminal plasma hypersensitivity – seminal vesicle – seminiferous tubules – sensate focus – sensate focus exercises – sensate focusing – sensation play ( BDSM ) – sensory compensation – sensory deprivation – sensory enhancement – sensory overload – sensuality – separatist feminism – septa of testis – septum of the penis – seraglio – serendipitous – serial killing – serial monogamy – seronegative – seropositive – serosorting – serotonin – serous tumor – Sertoli cell – Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor – service-oriented – session wrestler – seven-year itch – sex – sex act – sex addict – sex addiction – sex adjunctive – sex adventitious – sex aid – sex allergy – sex assignment – sex boutique – sex change – sex chromatin – sex client – sex club – sex coaching – sex compulsion – sex cord-stromal tumor – sex crime – sex derivative – sex diet – sex doll – sex drive – sex education – sex flush – sex game – sex hormone – sex hormone binding globulin – sex hotel – sex hotline – sex industry-sex in space – sex irreducible – sex machine – sex magic – sex magick – sex manual – sex museum – sex nexus – sex object – sex of rearing – sex offender – sex parties – sex position – sex reassignment ( disambiguation ) – sex reassignment surgery – sex reassignment surgery female-to-male – sex reassignment surgery male-to-female – sex restaurant – sex ring – sex role – sex scandal – sex shop – sex show – sex steroid – sex strike – sex surrogate – sex symbol – sex tape – sex therapist – sex therapy – sex tourism – sex toy – sex traffic – sex trafficking – sex urge – sex with your ex – sex worker – sex-contact magazine – sex-determining system – sex-hormone therapy – sex-positive – sex-positive feminism – Sexaholics Anonymous – sexercise – sexism – sexless marriage – Sexmuseum – sexological education – sexologist – sexology – sexosophy – sexploitation – sexsomnia-sexting – sexual aberration – sexual abstinence – sexual abuse – sexual acronyms – sexual act – sexual activities – sexual addiction – sexual anatomy – sexual anomalies – sexual arousal – sexual assault – sexual attraction – sexual availability – Sexual Behavior in the Human Female – Sexual Behavior in the Human Male – sexual bondage – sexual characteristics ( disambiguation ) – sexual child abuse – sexual compulsion – Sexual Compulsives Anonymous – sexual confidence – sexual congress – sexual continence – sexual desire – sexual development – sexual deviancy -- sexual deviant – sexual deviation – sexual differentiation – sexual dimorphism – sexual dissatisfaction – sexual drive – sexual dysfunction – sexual equality – sexual ethics – sexual ethnology – sexual exploitation – sexual fantasy – sexual fetish – sexual fetishism – sexual fetishist – sexual fidelity – sexual flush – Sexual Freedom Coalition – sexual frequency – sexual frustration – sexual game – sexual harassment – sexual health – sexual health clinic – sexual history – sexual inadequacy – sexual identity – sexual intercourse – sexual intimacy – sexual inversion – sexual jealousy – sexual liberation – sexual lubricant – sexual malfunction – sexual maturation – sexual maturity – sexual medicine – sexual misconduct – sexual morality – sexual mores – sexual network – sexual norm – sexual orientation – Sexual orientation and Wicca – Sexual orientation change efforts – Sexual Identity Therapy – sexual outlet – sexual partner – sexual perversion – sexual perversity – sexual politics – sexual predator – sexual problem – sexual prop – sexual prowess – sexual reassignment surgery – sexual rehearsal play – sexual revolution – sexual ritual – sexual roleplaying – sexual sadism – sexual script – sexual slang – sexual slavery – sexual stimulation – sexual surrogate – sexual tension – sexual trophy – sexual violence – sexuality – sexuality education – sexuality in older age – Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States – obsessive-compulsive disorder and sexuality – sexually active – sexually dimorphic nucleus – sexually transmissible disease – sexually transmitted disease – sexually violent predator – sexuoerotic – sexuoerotic tragedy – sexuoerotic body image fixation – sexuoeroticism – shaving ( sexology ) – shemale – shidduch – shim-pua marriage – shocker ( hand gesture ) – shoe dangling – shoe fetishism – shotacon – shotgun wedding – showers ( sexology ) – shunga – shyness – side entry missionary position – siderodromophilia – SIECUS – sigheh – significant other – Volkmar Sigusch – sildenafil citrate – Silver Ring Thing – Sin City ( description ) – sindoor – single – single mother – single parent – single status affidavit – singles bar – sinus ( disambiguation ) – sissy – sissy boy – sitophilia – situational child molester – situational sexual behaviour – sixty-nine – size queen – Skene's ducts – Skene's gland – Skene's glands – Skoptzy – slap and tickle-slapper – slapping ( BDSM ) – slave ( BDSM ) – sleep sex – sleeping princess syndrome – sleeping together – sleepsex – sling – sloppy seconds – slut – smegma – smoking fetishism – smotherbox – snapping pussy – snowballing – soapland – social distancing – social host liability-social vice – Society for Human Sexuality – Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality – sociobiological theories of rape – sodomy – sodomy law – soft butch – soft chancre – softcore pornography – soggy biscuit – soiree-soixante-neuf – solicitation – soliciting – solitary vice – sologamy – solosexuality – somatic – somatotropin – somesthetic – somnophilia – sororal polygyny – sororate marriage – sounding – spandex fetishism – spanking – Spartan pederasty – spay – spectrophilia – speculum – speed dating – sperm – sperm bank – sperm competition – sperm count – sperm donation – sperm donor – sperm motility – sperm sample – spermatic cord – spermatic duct – spermatid – spermatidogenesis – spermatocele – spermatocyte – spermatocytogenesis – spermatogenesis – spermatogonium – spermatophobia – spermatophore – spermatorrhea – spermatozoa – spermatozoon – spermicide – spermiogenesis – sphincter – spinnbarkeit – spinster – spin the bottle-spiritual marriage – spiritual wifery – spit roast ( sex ) – spitting fetishism – splanchnic nerves – splash conception – split beaver – splitting – sploshing – spoiled orgasm – spongy urethra – spoons position – spousal abuse – spreadeagle – squashing of the deckchair position – squeeze technique – stag party – stalking – standing sex position – stapling ( sexology ) – statutory rape – STD – STD clinic – STD testing – steatopygia – stem pessary – stereocilia ( epididymis ) – sterility – human sterilization ( surgical procedure ) – steroid hormones – STI – stigmatic / eligibilic paraphilia – stigmatophilia – stimulus-response theory – Stockholm syndrome – stocking fetishism – Stonewall riots – stop and go exercises – stop-start technique – Marie Stopes – Story of O – strangling ( sexology ) – strangulation – strap-on dildo – Street Offences Act 1959 – street prostitution – streetwalker – stretching ( sexology ) – string bondage – strip poker – strip pub – strip search – stripping – stripping fetishism – striptease – stroma of ovary – stuffing ( fetish ) – stuffing ( sexology ) – subbing – subcutaneous tissue of penis – subfertility – subincision – sublimation – subliminal tape – submission – submission ( BDSM ) – submissive ( BDSM ) – subpersonality – succubus – sugar daddy – supernumerary nipple – support group – surface epithelial-stromal tumor – surgical fetishism – surrendered wife – surrogate mother – suspension – suspensory ligament of the ovary – suspensory ligament of the penis – suttee – suturing ( sexology ) – swara – swayamvara – sweetheart – sweetheart scam – swimsuit fetishism – swing ( sexology ) – swing club – swinger – swinging – swinging both ways – swish – switch ( BDSM ) – switch ( sexuality ) – sworn virgin – Swyer syndrome – Sybian – sympathetic nervous system – symphorophilia – symphysis pubis dysfunction – symptothermal method – synechial membrane – syphilis –

They feature a small plastic ring around the " equator " of the target, which quickly vaporizes into a plasma when hit by the laser.

Phosphatidylethanolamine ( PE ) has been shown to be present during this time which indicates that is may play a role in movement between the plasma membrane and contractile ring.

A mechanism for " harvesting " solar wind ( RC = ring current, MN = magnetic nozzles, J = plasma jet ).

The plasma in this doughnut-shaped ring of ionized sulfur, oxygen, sodium, and chlorine originates when neutral atoms in the " cloud " surrounding Io are ionized and carried along by the Jovian magnetosphere.

Gas in Io's atmosphere is stripped by Jupiter's magnetosphere, escaping to either the neutral cloud that surrounds Io, or the Io plasma torus, a ring of ionized particles that shares Io's orbit but co-rotates with the magnetosphere of Jupiter.

The extensions off the top and bottom are plasma flowing to the ring diverters, a key feature of modern tokamak designs.

direct current | DC plasma physics | plasma ( violet ) enhances the growth of carbon nanotubes in laboratory-scale PECVD apparatus

Due to their lower mass, the electrons in a plasma accelerate more quickly in response to an electric field than the heavier positive ions, and hence carry the bulk of the current.

If this process happens faster than it is naturally quenched by ions recombining, the new ions multiply in successive cycles until the gas breaks down into a plasma and current flows freely in a discharge.

At the opposite extreme, if one looks at the microscopic situation, one sees there are many ways of carrying an electric current, including: a flow of electrons ; a flow of electron " holes " that act like positive particles ; and both negative and positive particles ( ions or other charged particles ) flowing in opposite directions in an electrolytic solution or a plasma ).

In between the two exists a layer (" plasma sheet ") of denser plasma ( 0. 3-0. 5 ions / cm < SUP > 3 </ sup > versus 0. 01-0. 02 in the lobes ), and because of the difference between the adjoining magnetic fields, by Ampére's law an electric current flows there too, directed from dawn to dusk.

The tokamak provides the required twist to the magnetic field lines not by manipulating the field with external currents, but by driving a current through the plasma itself.

The field lines around the plasma current combine with the toroidal field to produce helical field lines, which wrap around the torus in both directions.

In a tokamak, the toroidal field is produced by electromagnets that surround the torus, and the poloidal field is the result of a toroidal electric current that flows inside the plasma.

This current is induced inside the plasma with a second set of electromagnets.

Shown is the toroidal field and the coils ( blue ) that produce it, the plasma current ( red ) and the poloidal field produced by it, and the resulting twisted field when these are overlaid.

Early fusion research devices were variants on the Z-pinch and used electrical current to generate a poloidal magnetic field to contain the plasma along a linear axis between two points.

The Lorentz force of the toroidal plasma current in the vertical field provides the inward force that holds the plasma torus in equilibrium.

The nonlinear evolution of magnetohydrodynamical instabilities leads to a dramatic quench of the plasma current on a very short time scale, of the order of the millisecond.

In current tokamak ( and other ) magnetic fusion experiments, insufficient fusion energy is produced to maintain the plasma temperature.

Since the plasma is an electrical conductor, it is possible to heat the plasma by inducing a current through it ; in fact, the induced current that heats the plasma usually provides most of the poloidal field.

In plasma generators the superimposed forced convection may modify the picture somewhat.

While modelling atoms in isolation may not seem realistic, if one considers atoms in a gas or plasma then the time-scales for atom-atom interactions are huge in comparison to the atomic processes that are generally considered.

Extracellular signals may include toxins, hormones, growth factors, nitric oxide or cytokines, that must either cross the plasma membrane or transduce to effect a response.

If ADH production is excessive in heart failure, Na < sup >+</ sup > level in the plasma may fall ( hyponatremia ), and this is a sign of increased risk of death in heart failure patients.

Another two reactions may be used in plasma to deposit SiNH:

The E-corona ( E for emission ) is due to spectral emission lines produced by ions that are present in the coronal plasma ; it may be observed in broad or forbidden or hot spectral emission lines and is the main source of information about the corona's composition.

The plasma may cool rapidly in this region ( for a thermal instability ), creating dark filaments in the solar disk or prominences off the limb.

DMT may be quantitated in blood, plasma or urine using chromatographic techniques as a diagnostic tool in clinical poisoning situations or to aid in the medicolegal investigation of suspicious deaths.

Hydrocodone may be quantitated in blood, plasma or urine to monitor for misuse, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning or assist in a medicolegal death investigation.

Geophysically, the state of the ionospheric plasma may be described by four parameters: electron density, electron and ion temperature and, since several species of ions are present, ionic composition.

Plasma exchange ( or plasmapheresis ), the removal of plasma proteins such as antibodies and replacement with normal plasma, may provide improvement in acute severe weakness.

The free electrons in a metal may be considered an electron plasma

Morphine and its major metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide, may be quantitated in blood, plasma, or urine to monitor for abuse, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning or assist in a medicolegal death investigation.

Modafinil and / or its major metabolite, modafinilic acid, may be quantified in plasma, serum or urine to monitor dosage in those receiving the drug therapeutically, to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to assist in the forensic investigation of a vehicular traffic violation.

Some neuromyotonia cases do not only improve after plasma exchange but they may also have antibodies in their serum samples against voltage-gated potassium channels.

Distinct phases may be described as different states of matter such as gas, liquid, solid, plasma or Bose – Einstein condensate.

Alternatively, photoresist may be removed by a plasma containing oxygen, which oxidizes it.

Bacteria may have a single plasma membrane ( Gram-positive bacteria ), or an inner membrane plus an outer membrane separated by the periplasm ( Gram-negative bacteria ).

Proteins may be incorporated into the plasma membrane, or either trapped in the periplasm or secreted into the environment, according to whether or not there is an outer membrane.

Silver concentrations in whole blood, plasma, serum or urine may be measured to monitor for safety in exposed workers, to confirm the diagnosis in potential poisoning victims or to assist in the forensic investigation in a case of fatal overdosage.

Analysis of Tesla's research has ranged from suggestions that Tesla detected nothing, he simply was misunderstanding the new technology he was working with, to claims that Tesla may have been observing naturally occurring Jovian plasma torus signals.

Sputtering can also play a role in reactive ion etching ( RIE ), a plasma process carried out with chemically active ions and radicals, for which the sputtering yield may be enhanced significantly compared to pure physical sputtering.

After reaching sufficient temperature, given by the Lawson criterion, the energy of accidental collisions within the plasma is high enough to overcome the Coulomb barrier and the particles may fuse together.