* A combination of two devices ( or only one, if playback is digital ) to play sound recordings, for alternating back and forth to create a continuous playback of music ( for example, record players, Compact Disc players, computer media players such as an MP3 player, etc.

These pulses are included physically within pre-existing recordings on VHS and Betamax, and generated upon playback by a chip in DVD players and digital cable / satellite boxes.

NTSC baseband video signals are also still often used in video playback ( typically of recordings from existing libraries using existing equipment ) and in CCTV and surveillance video systems.

The phonograph cylinder recordings of Handel's choral music made on June 29, 1888 at The Crystal Palace in London were thought to be the oldest known surviving musical recordings, until the recent playback by a group of American historians of a waveform of " Au Clair de la Lune ", recorded on a phonautograph on April 9, 1860.

Often recordings of real life do not sound realistic on playback.

However, there are recordings with substantial low frequency content that most conventional loudspeakers are ill-equipped to handle without the help of a subwoofer, especially at high playback levels, such as music for pipe organs with 32 ' bass pipes ( 16 Hz ), very large bass drums on symphony orchestra recordings and electronic music with extremely low synth bass parts, such as bass tests or bass songs.

Hi-MD has found some favor as a disc-based DAT alternative for field recordings and general portable playback.

In Ethnomusicology, recording a short beep with pitch pipe in ethnographic recordings can be used in playback to determine the playback speed of the Gramophone record or Phonograph cylinder.

There are some complications with the playback of binaural recordings through normal headphones.

The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording and playback equipment.

Phonograph recordings are made with high frequencies boosted and the low frequencies attenuated: during playback the frequency response changes are reversed.

Philips responded with the digital compact cassette, a system which was backward-compatible with existing analog cassette recordings for playback, but it failed to garner a significant market share and was withdrawn.

Analog recordings by comparison require comparatively bulky, high-quality playback equipment to capture the signal from the media as accurately as digital.

For the best recordings and playback, an S-VHS VCR requires S-VHS videotape, which has a different oxide media formulation for higher magnetic coercivity.

Digital8 equipment cannot record in analog Video8 / Hi8 format, but some equipment offers playback compatibility with 8 mm analog recordings.

A sampler ( or, in the case of only playback, called sample player or Rompler ) is an electronic musical instrument similar in some respects to a synthesizer but, instead of generating sounds, it uses recordings ( or " samples ") of sounds that are loaded or recorded into it by the user and then played back by means of the sampler program itself, a keyboard, sequencer or other triggering device to perform or compose music.

Also, the playback recordings were purposely recorded very " dry " ( without reverberation ) otherwise it would come across as too hollow sounding in large movie theatres.

As the knot of each splice passed through the head during playback, a very brief loss of normal contact was inevitable and the resulting dropouts could make editing musical recordings problematic.

Similarly, the playback of pre-recorded programs to air was only possible at this stage through the telecine process, in which films or kinescoped TV recordings were played back on a movie screen which was monitored by a TV camera.

Scottish computer engineer Donald F. McLean has painstakingly reconstructed the analogue playback technology required to view these recordings, and has given lectures and presentations on his collection of mechanical television recordings made between 1925 and 1933.

Two further major 1950s developments were the origins of digital sound synthesis by computer, and of algorithmic composition programs beyond rote playback.

With the rise in popularity of home theater, however, multi-channel playback systems became affordable, and many consumers were willing to tolerate the six to eight channels required in a home theater.

* Because bass sounds have a higher amplitude than high frequency sounds ( for the same perceived loudness ), the space taken in the groove by low frequency sounds needed to be large ( limiting playback time per side of the record ) to accommodate the bass notes, yet the high frequencies required only tiny variations in the groove, which were easily affected by noise from irregularities ( wear, contaminates, etc.

The format was a commercial failure at the height of the Great Depression, partly because the records and playback equipment were expensive, and partly because the audio performance was poor, and it would require the smaller-radius stylus of the microgroove system to make slower-speed records track acceptably.

The CLIÉ handhelds were distinguished from other Palm OS models by their emphasis on multimedia capabilities, including photo, video, and audio playback, long before any other Palm OS PDAs had such capabilities.

DVD playback features minus the necessary decoders were integrated into Windows Media Player 8 for Windows XP.

Prior to the release of Windows Media Player in Windows 98 Second Edition, separate programs, CD Player, Deluxe CD Player, DVD Player and Media Player, were included in old versions of Microsoft Windows for playback of media files.

If the MiniDisc player were bumped, playback could continue unimpeded while the laser repositioned itself to continue reading data from the disc.

Also, video recorded onto tapes at the lower speed often exhibit poor playback performance on recorders other than the one they were produced on.

Unsold players were liquidated in online auctions, but not before being modified internally to destroy the accounting modules ' DIVX playback capability.

In addition, American radio programs were recorded for playback by Armed Forces Radio radio stations around the world.

Later, when listening to a playback of a Columbia recording of the first movement of the ninth symphony, principal players of the Columbia Symphony Orchestra were ushered out of the booth as Walter began to weep.

For example, its GUI and video playback acceleration were not significantly better than that offered by competition or even older Nvidia products.

Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of playback speeds ( from 16 rpm to 78 rpm ) and in several sizes ( including 12 ″/ 30 cm ).

The format was a commercial failure at the height of the Great Depression, partially because the records and playback equipment were expensive.

In 1984 and 1985, all the artists were forced to perform in playback, while live performances with the orchestra were reintroduced in 1986.

To gain enough head-to-tape speed, four video recording and playback heads were spun on a head wheel across most of the two-inch width of the tape.

Most of these were playback restrictions that aimed to make the CD unusable in computers with CD-ROM drives, leaving only dedicated audio CD players for playback.

In addition, the programs were pressed into soft acetate, and later vinylite, so that if someone tried to play them on a conventional phonograph built for the rugged shellacque discs, the weight of the playback arm would destroy the Muzak discs even if they were being played by a vertically-compliant cartridge.

Since most records and phonographs used a different playback method, various attachments were marketed that allowed one to equip a Pathé phonograph to play standard, laterally-cut records.

A limited edition release included two bonus tracks on a separate disc recorded in the early 1960s, and two years later, on September 16, 2003, this album was one of fifteen Dylan titles reissued and remastered for SACD hybrid playback.

When the music is stored in an audio file format that is lossless such as FLAC, Monkey's Audio or WMA Lossless, the computer playback of recorded audio can serve as an audiophile-quality source for a hi-fi system.

These timing issues can cause distortion as recorded tracks lose synchronization with each other, and clicks and pops when sample playback is interrupted.

On playback, the recorded color information is heterodyned back to the standard subcarrier frequencies for display on televisions and for interchange with other standard video equipment.

The data structure of the MiniDisc, where music is recorded in a single stream of bytes while the TOC contains pointers to track positions, allows for gapless playback of music, something which the majority of competing portable players, including most MP3 players, fail to implement properly.

Dolby B dynamically boosts the mid-frequency band of the audio program on the recorded medium, improving its signal strength relative to the tape's background noise floor, then attenuates the mid-band during playback.

* Use of separate heads for recording vs. playback ( three heads total, counting the erase head ) enabled monitoring of the recorded signal a fraction of a second after recording.

Each class is recorded and stored on a server, which allows for instant playback of any class over the course of the school year.

On some high end consumer equipment, Dolby calibration control is included: for recording, a reference tone at Dolby level may be recorded for accurate playback level calibration on another transport ; at playback, the same recorded tone should produce the identical output, as indicated by a Dolby logo marking at + 3 VU on the VU meter ( s ).

Many home and portable entertainment systems supported both formats and commonly allowed the CD playback to be recorded on cassette tape.

The HFP-x00 would generate the needed carriers which would be recorded by the attached deck, and during playback the AFM carriers would be passed to the HFP-x00.

A VCR may have the option of slow motion playback, sometimes at various speeds ; this can be applied to any normally recorded scene.

The tape playback is synchronized using the recorded signals from the atomic clocks as time references, as shown in the drawing on the right.

The first gramophones recorded sound using horizontal modulation on a cylinder coated with a low resistance material such as lamp black, subsequently fixed with varnish and then copied by photoengraving on a metal playback cylinder.

Multitracking became possible with the idea of simultaneously recording different audio channels to separate discrete " tracks " on the same tape — a " track " was simply a different channel recorded to its own discrete area on tape whereby their relative sequence of recorded events would be preserved, and playback would be simultaneous or synchronized.

As the tape travels on, the newly recorded signal is then picked up by a series of playback heads mounted in line with the record head.