Some variable nozzle turbochargers use a rotary electric actuator, which uses a direct stepper motor to open and close the vanes, rather than pneumatic controllers that operate based on air pressure.

They can be electromechanical actuators such as an electric motor or solenoid, pneumatic actuators which are controlled by air pressure, or hydraulic actuators which are controlled by the pressure of a liquid such as oil or water.

Pneumatic systems use gasses under pressure to transmit power ; compressed air is commonly used to operate pneumatic tools in factories and repair garages.

One standard is standard pressure used for pneumatic fluid power ( ISO R554 ), and in the aerospace ( ISO 2533 ) and petroleum ( ISO 5024 ) industries.

This value is used as the standard pressure for the compressor and the pneumatic tool industries ( ISO 2787 ).

Single-stroke and multi-stroke guns utilize an on board pump to pressurize the air in their reservoir, Pre-charged pneumatic guns ' reservoirs are filled using either a high-pressure hand pump ( often capable of attaining pressures of 30 MPa ) or by decanting the necessary volume / pressure of air from a diving cylinder.

Hydraulic and pneumatic hybrid vehicles use an engine to charge a pressure accumulator to drive the wheels via hydraulic or pneumatic ( i. e. compressed air ) drive units.

* Compression of a gas, for example pneumatic shock absorbers, which can act like springs as the air pressure is building to resist the force on it.

Main reservoir pipe pressure can also be used to supply air for auxiliary systems such as pneumatic door operators or air suspension.

Using pneumatic pressure of varying degrees on the sciatic nerves of frog specimens, the study supported the idea of nerve conduction failure as a result of compression.

The Lloyd Davis lithotomy position can cause extra pressure on the calves and on the intermittent pneumatic compression device worn by the patient.

It is operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into some kind of motion.

Additionally, the handle moved a metal plug into a vent cut in the outer hatch panel: if the vent was not plugged the fuselage would not retain pressure, eliminating any pneumatic force on the hatch.

Further, the pressure against the face of each baffle is higher than the pressure on its reverse side, making each baffle a miniature " pneumatic ram " which pulls the suppressor forward on the weapon, contributing a counter recoil force.

A pneumatic system could use air pressure from above to quickly force them into the reactor core or from below to slowly raise them from it.

The counter pressure effect occurs instantaneously without any time delay versus standard pneumatic, inflatable g-suits have an up to 2 second time delay before reaching full system protection.

* Compressed air engine, a 200 year old type of pressure pneumatic actuator that does work by expanding compressed air

When the valve was actuated from the Launch Control Center ( LCC ), the pneumatic pressure of 600 PSI GN2 ( nitrogen gas ) rotated the lever down allowing the weight to drop down the tube.

This is accomplished by inflating a pneumatic cuff around the thigh to sufficient pressure to cut off venous flow but not arterial flow, causing the venous blood pressure to rise until it equals the pressure under the cuff.

A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms.

Precursors of pneumatic tube systems for passenger transport, the atmospheric railway ( for which the tube was laid between the rails, with a piston running in it suspended from the train through a sealable slot in the top of the tube ) were operated as follows:

The lens is twice the height of the film and connects to a pneumatic piston so it can be moved up or down while the projector is running.

The magnetic piston ( 1 ) in this pneumatic cylinder will cause the Hall effect sensors ( 2 and 3 ) mounted on its outer wall to activate when it is fully retracted or extended.

The response trigger ( rt ) uses a small pneumatic piston to create automatic fire and runs off excess blow-back gasses.

When the mainstage signal was received, pneumatic pressure was applied against the gas generator control valve actuator assembly which moved the piston and opened the fuel poppet.

The term pump-action can also be applied to various airsoft guns and air guns, which use a similar mechanism to both load a pellet and compress a spring piston for power, or pneumatic guns where a pump is used to compress the air used for power.

See the airgun article for information on how spring piston and pneumatic airguns work.

Typically this drive system comprises non-monitored stepper motors for the X / Y axis, an on-off non-monitored solenoid or pneumatic piston for the Z-axis, and a DC motor control circuit for spindle speed, none of which provide positional feedback.

The term is extremely popular among spud gun enthusiasts who often build homemade piston valves for use in pneumatic cannon.

In the 1970s, outside of the oil and gas industry, roller bits using mud circulation were replaced by the first pneumatic reciprocating piston Reverse Circulation ( RC ) drills, and became essentially obsolete for most shallow drilling, and are now only used in certain situations where rocks preclude other methods.

The drilling mechanism is a pneumatic reciprocating piston known as a " hammer " driving a tungsten-steel drill bit.

More modern Paratroopers use a pneumatic lifting piston to raise the ride to its riding angle before spinning the cars.

The early Compound shutter had a pneumatic mechanism, with a piston sliding against air resistance in a cylinder.

The SRiMech is typically an electric or pneumatic arm or extension on the upper surface of the robot which pushes against the arena floor to roll or flip the robot upright.

As a parallel with the earlier Charles Knight-designed sleeve-valved automotive powerplants, any RCV sleeve-valved model engine that is run on model glow engine fuel using castor oil as a small percentage ( about 2 % to 4 % content ) of the lubricant in the fuel allows the " varnish " created through engine operation to provide a better pneumatic seal between the rotating cylinder valve and the unitized engine cylinder / head castings, initially formed while the engine is being broken in.

Hydraulic solenoid valves are in general similar to pneumatic solenoid valves except that they control the flow of hydraulic fluid ( oil ), often at around 3000 psi ( 210 bar, 21 MPa, 21 MN / m² ).

Other examples of pressure vessels are diving cylinders, recompression chambers, distillation towers, pressure reactors, autoclaves, and many other vessels in mining operations, oil refineries and petrochemical plants, nuclear reactor vessels, submarine and space ship habitats, pneumatic reservoirs, hydraulic reservoirs under pressure, rail vehicle airbrake reservoirs, road vehicle airbrake reservoirs, and storage vessels for liquified gases such as ammonia, chlorine, propane, butane, and LPG.

* a pneumatic barrier for containing oil spills

It is used in high-performance applications like automotive fuel lines, pneumatic airbrake tubing, electrical cable antitermite sheathing, flexible oil and gas pipes, control fluid umbilicals, sports shoes, electronic device components, and catheters.

The sample solution is aspirated by a pneumatic nebulizer, transformed into an aerosol, which is introduced into a spray chamber, where it is mixed with the flame gases and conditioned in a way that only the finest aerosol droplets (< 10 μm ) enter the flame.

In 1888, Scotsman John Boyd Dunlop introduced the first practical pneumatic tire, which soon became universal.

Later on, previous to modern power electronics, process control systems for industrial applications were devised by mechanical engineers using pneumatic and hydraulic control devices, many of which are still in use today.

Pumpkin chunking is another widely popularized use, in which people compete to see who can launch a pumpkin the farthest by mechanical means ( although the world record is held by a pneumatic air cannon ).

A pneumatic motor is a machine which converts potential energy in the form of compressed air into mechanical work.

Confessional Baptists believe in pneumatic presence, which is expressed in the Second London Baptist Confession, specifically in Chapter 30, Articles 3 and 7:

The 1994 film version of The Shadow includes a sequence in which the camera follows a message capsule as it speeds through a pneumatic tube system.

Douglas Adams's 1998 computer game Starship Titanic features the " Succ-U-Bus " in almost every room – being a pneumatic pipe transport system which goes all around the ship ; players must understand and use the Succ-U-Bus in order to progress and solve the puzzles.

Prior to the introduction of pneumatic tires, riding over the large wheel of the " penny-farthing " gave a much smoother ride, which accounts for their popularity.

At the same time, Paul believed that the newly resurrected body would be a heavenly body ; immortal, glorified, powerful and pneumatic in contrast to an earthly body, which is mortal, dishonored, weak and psychic.

Inspired by pneumatic tyres he attempted to make pneumatic shoes, but his prototype contained semi-inflated balloons which burst.

Gadiformes are physoclists, which means that the gas bladder does not have a pneumatic duct.

Clupeiformes are physostomes, which means that the gas bladder has a pneumatic duct connecting it to the gut.

A wide variety of related conveying machines are available, different as regards principle of operation, means and direction of conveyance, including screw conveyors, vibrating conveyors, pneumatic conveyors, the moving floor system, which uses reciprocating slats to move cargo, and roller conveyor system, which uses a series of powered rollers to convey boxes or pallets.

Waste on Roosevelt Island is collected by an automated vacuum collection ( AVAC ) system -- which uses a system of pneumatic tubes.

Murdoch also carried out a number of experiments with compressed air and developed the first pneumatic message system which worked by using compressed air to propel a message in a cylinder through a tube to its intended destination.

His design had a pneumatic motion platform driven by inflatable bellows which provided pitch and roll cues.

A tunnel under Broad Street connects the Old and New Bodleian buildings, and contains a pedestrian walkway, a mechanical book conveyor and a pneumatic Lamson tube system which was used for book orders until an electronic automated stack request system was introduced in 2002.

This cotton was needed to strengthen the rubber in the pneumatic tire, of which Goodyear was the world's largest producer.