Another subgenre of detective fiction is the serial killer mystery, which might be thought of as an outcropping of the police procedural.

Film noir similarly embraces a variety of genres, from the gangster film to the police procedural to the gothic romance to the social problem picture — any example of which from the 1940s and 1950s, now seen as noir's classical era, was likely to be described as a " melodrama " at the time.

He Walked by Night ( 1948 ), shot by Alton and, though credited solely to Alfred Werker, directed in large part by Mann, demonstrates their technical mastery and exemplifies the late 1940s trend of " police procedural " crime dramas.

He moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles .” A repeated theme in roles he has portrayed is that of saving the world, including the characters of Ted Logan, Buddha, Neo, Johnny Mnemonic, John Constantine and Klaatu.

* 1984 – The Bill debuted on ITV, eventually becoming the longest-running police procedural in British television history.

* Phantom ( TV series ), a South Korean police procedural television series

VH1 executive vice president Michael Hirschorn wrote that the plots and subject matters on reality television are more authentic and more engaging than in scripted dramas, writing that scripted network television " remains dominated by variants on the police procedural ... in which a stock group of characters ( ethnically, sexually, and generationally diverse ) grapples with endless versions of the same dilemma.

In other fictional television works, a January 1971 episode " By the Pricking of My Thumbs ..." of the British science fiction TV series Doomwatch featured a 16-year-old XYY boy expelled from school because of his genetic condition, a November 1993 episode " Born Bad " of the American police procedural TV series Law & Order portrayed a 14-year-old XYY sociopathic murderer, and the May 2007 season finale episode " Born To Kill " of the American police procedural TV series CSI: Miami depicted a 34-year-old XYY serial killer.

Hawaii Five-O is an American police procedural drama series produced by CBS Productions and Leonard Freeman.

The strip was an early example of the police procedural mystery story.

The police procedural combines Shakespeare, Dragnet, and vaudeville jokes and was first broadcast on The Ed Sullivan Show.

* The Evidence ( TV series ), a police procedural television show

Cop Rock attempted to combine police procedural with musical theatre, the former a genre in which Bochco had already been very successful with Hill Street Blues.

In 2010, TNT premiered three new dramas ; the light-hearted Men of a Certain Age, cop drama Memphis Beat, and police procedural Rizzoli & Isles.

In the Swedish television police procedural Beck, the main character, Martin Beck, regularly drinks Calvados.

It is revealed in the final episode of the British science fiction and police procedural drama television series Ashes to Ashes ( and by extension its prequel Life on Mars ) that Gene Hunt is the soul of a murdered constable, and part of a supernatural limbo populated by other dead or dying police officers ( often due to injuries sustained in the line of duty ), many of them displaced from their original time periods.

* The police procedural: The detective is a member of the police, and thus the activities of a police force are usually convincingly depicted.

* The American police procedural drama series Hawaii Five-0 features a coroner named Dr. Max Bergman, played by Japanese-American actor Masi Oka.

Dragnet was perhaps the most famous and influential police procedural drama in media history.

Two of his earliest film roles include small parts as uniformed police officers in both the 1972 film The Hot Rock and 1974's Death Wish.

A notable film to have emerged during this period was Ryszard Bugajski's 1982 film Interrogation ( Przesluchanie ), which depicts the story of an unfortunate woman ( played by Krystyna Janda ) who is arrested and tortured by the secret police into confessing a crime she knows nothing about.

In 1991, he embarked on a serious acting career, portraying police detective Scotty Appleton in Mario Van Peebles ' feature film New Jack City, gang leader Odessa ( alongside Denzel Washington and John Lithgow ) in Ricochet ( 1991 ), gang leader King James in Trespass ( 1992 ), followed by a notable lead role performance in Surviving the Game ( 1994 ), in addition to many supporting roles, such as J-Bone in Johnny Mnemonic ( 1995 ), and the marsupial mutant T-Saint in Tank Girl ( 1995 ).

The characters that he played onscreen during this period ranged from a serial killer in Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt ( 1943, opposite Teresa Wright ) to an eager police detective in Gaslight ( 1944, with Ingrid Bergman, Charles Boyer, and Angela Lansbury in her film debut ).

Set in Dublin, Ireland, the film tells the true-life story of the charismatic leader of a gang of thieves, Martin Cahill, at odds with both the police and the IRA.

The casting of the Keystone police force changed from one film to the next ; many of the individual members were per diem actors who remain unidentifiable.

The idea came from Hank Mann who also played police chief Tehiezel in the first film before being replaced by Ford Sterling.

However, during his own silent film career, the nearest Keaton had appeared in a " police comedy " was The Goat ( 1921 ) and Cops ( 1922 ).

It is played on a silent film era style " honky tonk " piano, and accompanies a climactic scene in which the incompetent police detective Inspector Clouseau is involved in a multi-vehicle chase with the antagonists.

The film ends with an ambulance and police arriving at the scene, and paramedics take them away.

Miss Congeniality is a 2000 American police comedy film directed by Donald Petrie, written by Marc Lawrence, Katie Ford, and Caryn Lucas, and starring Sandra Bullock, Michael Caine, Benjamin Bratt, and Candice Bergen.

Many of the police officers and border guards who were approached for interviews by the One Day in September production team were threatened with the loss of their pension rights if they talked for the film.

The film focused particular attention on Idaho Senator Larry Craig, an outspoken opponent of gay rights who in 2007 pled guilty to disorderly conduct for soliciting sex from an undercover police officer in a public bathroom.

The film could later be presented during a Trial ( law ) | trial as evidence ( law ) | evidence, or used in police training.

His character was a shabby and ostensibly absent-minded police detective lieutenant, who had first appeared in the 1968 film Prescription: Murder.

* Savate was also the martial arts style of the French antagonists and police officers in the 2001 Jet Li film Kiss of the Dragon.

" A large group of artists, including Martin Scorsese and Alec Baldwin, and scholars signed a legal brief arguing the film's artistic merit ; the Court dismissed the case because the police violated the owners ' Fourth Amendment rights, without reaching the question of whether the film was obscene.

The Devil's Experiment was supposedly based on a film sent to the Tokyo police showing a group dismember a young woman.

In San Francisco, cinema-goers walked out of theaters in disgust and, in February 1976, two theaters in Ottawa, Canada were advised by local police to withdraw the film lest they face morality charges.

* The Thin Blue Line ( film ), a 1988 documentary film by Errol Morris concerning the murder of a police officer

* The Thin Blue Line, a 1966 documentary film by William Friedkin about the police and the problems they encounter

The things that happened in police station basements were dirty, grubby, and most often anonymous.

* A type of extending baton often carried by police forces.

N11 prefixes such as 211, 311 and 511 are also often disappearing as test numbers as these codes are reassigned to local services such as community information, city hall, road conditions or non-emergency police inquiries.

Outlawed in England and much of the United States, prizefights were often held at gambling venues and broken up by police.

However, most Republicans did not make a distinction, and " Black and Tans " was often used as a catch-all term for all police and army groups.

After the prohibition, any citizen caught practicing capoeira, in a fight or for any other reason, would be arrested, tortured and often mutilated by the police.

Cultural practices, like the roda de capoeira, were conducted in far or hidden places and often practitioners would leave someone as sentry, to warn if the police were approaching the area.

Also, the term " chekist " often referred to Soviet secret police throughout the Soviet period, despite official name changes over time.

" In Golden Age detective stories, an outsider — sometimes a salaried investigator or a police officer, but often a gifted amateur — investigates a murder committed in a closed environment by one of a limited number of suspects.

In the era after the Congress of Vienna, which was influenced by Prince Metternich and his secret police, Hoffmann's text had a distinctly revolutionary, and at the same time liberal, connotation, since the demand for a united Germany was most often made in connection with demands for freedom of the press and other liberal rights.

But criminal defendants are often taken into custody by police and brought before a court under an arrest warrant.

Due to limitations of this system found during the 1960s and 1970s — victims often simply did not report crimes to the police in the first place — the Department of Justice developed an alternate method of tallying crime, the victimization survey.

" But the town was near Rangoon, a cosmopolitan seaport, and Blair went into the city as often as he could, " to browse in a bookshop ; to eat well-cooked food ; to get away from the boring routine of police life.

When the police use search warrants in connection with a vandalism investigation they are often seeking judicial approval to look for items such as cans of spray paint and nozzles from other kinds of aerosol sprays, etching tools or other sharp or pointed objects used to etch or scratch glass and other hard surfaces, and permanent marking pens, such as markers or paint sticks ; evidence of membership or affiliation with any gang or tagging crew, paraphernalia to include any reference to “( tagger ’ s name ),” and any drawings, writings, objects or graffiti depicting taggers ’ names, initials, logos, monikers, slogans, or mention of tagging crew membership ; any newspaper clippings relating details of or referring to any graffiti crime.

Certain governments did try and crack down on magicians and fortune tellers, particularly that of France, where the police viewed them as a social pest who took money from the gullible, often in a search for treasure.

This new radicalism is often attributed to the Stonewall riots of 1969, when a group of transsexual, butch / femme lesbians, drag queens and gay male patrons at a bar in New York resisted a police raid.

In the East, the Soviets crushed dissent and imposed another police state, often employing ex-Nazis in the dreaded Stasi.

In 1993 and after, mass evictions of Kikuyu took place, often with the direct involvement of army, police, and game rangers.

It furthers the analysis that media reports on cults rely heavily on police officials and cult " experts " who portray cult activity as dangerous and destructive, and when divergent views are presented, they are often overshadowed by horrific stories of ritualistic torture, sexual abuse, mind control, etc.

Under Prince Louis ' secret orders, the Monaco police, often at great risk to themselves, warned in advance those people whom the Gestapo planned to arrest.

By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context.

This tactic is named after a police interrogation technique often portrayed in the media.

Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors ; however, gendarmerie and military police are military units charged with civil policing.

As police are often in conflict with individuals, slang terms are numerous.

These police are often referred to as " Bobbies " or " Peelers " after Sir Robert ( Bobby ) Peel, who introduced the Police Act.