It is this loss of initiative in how we conduct our economy which may lead to the loss of initiative in how we conduct our political affairs.

Yalta left us with comforting illusions of a Western capitalist-democratic political economy reigning supreme up to the Curzon line and the borders of Bessarabia '' ( Italics added )

In the 1929 general election he made a final bid to return the Liberals to the political mainstream, with an ambitious programme of state stimulation of the economy called We Can Conquer Unemployment !, largely written for him by the Liberal economist John Maynard Keynes.

The successful American businessman and investor Warren Buffett was quoted in the Associated Press ( January 20, 2006 ) as saying " The U. S trade deficit is a bigger threat to the domestic economy than either the federal budget deficit or consumer debt and could lead to political turmoil ...

Crony capitalism is believed to arise when political cronyism spills over into the business world ; self-serving friendships and family ties between businessmen and the government influence the economy and society to the extent that it corrupts public-serving economic and political ideals.

After four years of solid macroeconomic performance, Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting.

This pattern underlined the economy's vulnerability to swings in tourist arrivals ( i. e., to economic and political conditions in Cyprus, Western Europe, and the Middle East ) and the need to diversify the economy.

Advocates of central bank independence argue that a central bank which is too susceptible to political direction or pressure may encourage economic cycles (" boom and bust "), as politicians may be tempted to boost economic activity in advance of an election, to the detriment of the long-term health of the economy and the country.

In political economy, horizontal-collectivism is often associated with the economic theories of socialism, which call for some form of co-operative or collective ownership of the means of production and collective decision-making or worker's self-management within economic enterprises.

, two years after its implementation began, the security situation of inside Colombia has shown some measure of an improvement and the economy, while still fragile, has also shown some positive signs according to observers, but relatively little has yet to have been accomplished in structurally solving most of the country's other grave problems, possibly in part due to legislative and political conflicts between the administration and the Colombian Congress ( including those over the controversial project to eventually re-elect Uribe ), and a relative lack of freely allocated funds and credits.

Thomas Malthus wrote two books, An essay on the principle of population, published in 1798, and Principles of political economy, published in 1820.

This version of " critical " theory derives from Kant's ( 18th-century ) and Marx's ( 19th Century ) use of the term " critique ", as in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Marx's concept that his work Das Kapital ( Capital ) forms a " critique of political economy.

By the time Gorbachev ushered in the process that would lead to the dismantling of the Soviet administrative command economy through his programs of glasnost ( political openness ), uskoreniye ( speed-up of economic development ) and perestroika ( political and economic restructuring ) announced in 1986, the Soviet economy suffered from both hidden inflation and pervasive supply shortages aggravated by an increasingly open black market that undermined the official economy.

A 1987 conference convened by Soviet economist and Gorbachev adviser Leonid Abalkin, concluded: " Deep transformations in the management of the economy cannot be realised without corresponding changes in the political system.

The dissolution of the Soviet Union was a process of systematic disintegration, which occurred in economy, social structure and political structure.

In Materialism and Empiriocriticism ( 1908 ), Lenin explained dialectical materialism as three axes: ( i ) the materialist inversion of Hegelian dialectics, ( ii ) the historicity of ethical principles ordered to class struggle, and ( iii ) the convergence of " laws of evolution " in physics ( Helmholtz ), biology ( Darwin ), and in political economy ( Marx ).

The philosopher Adam Smith ( 1776 ) defined what was then called political economy as " an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations ", in particular as:

The two sides maintain high level political contacts and exchanges in fields of trade and economy, science and technology, culture and education grow steadily.

Edinburgh's Enlightenment produced philosopher David Hume and the pioneer of political economy, Adam Smith.

Instead, they pioneered an approach to a study of long-term historical structures ( la longue durée ) over events and political transformations.

While authors such as Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Marc Ferro and Jacques Le Goff continue to carry the Annales banner, today the Annales approach has been less distinctive as more and more historians do work in cultural history, political history and economic history.

This expression encapsulated the right of citizens to take the initiative: to stand to speak in the assembly, to initiate a public law suit ( that is, one held to affect the political community as a whole ), to propose a law before the lawmakers or to approach the council with suggestions.

Gianfranco Fini, a moderniser who sees Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron as models, impressed an ambitious political line to the party, combining the pillars of conservative ideology like security, family values and patriotism with a progressive approach in other areas such as stem cell research and supporting voting rights for legal aliens.

The political leaders preferred a more passive approach for the time being, including more peaceful relations with Austria and concentrating on strengthening Serbia for future struggle, but some of the military officers grew impatient with the more moderate radical policies.

Another approach denies the meaningfulness of any ethical justification for existing copyright law, viewing it simply as a result ( and perhaps an undesirable result ) of political processes.

( Free Press, 1999 ), dense book with theoretical and political science approach.

This approach considers the complex realities surrounding the concept of crime and seeks to understand how changing social, political, psychological, and economic conditions may affect changing definitions of crime and the form of the legal, law-enforcement, and penal responses made by society.

Following unprecedented foreign led and domestic political interference with the CRTC's quasi-judicial independent regulatory process, within 6 months of its original decision, an abrupt CRTC " review " of its policy on third-language foreign services determined to drop virtually all restrictions and adopt a new " open entry " approach to foreign controlled " third language " ( non-English, non-French ) channels.

National conservatism is a political term used primarily in Europe to describe a variant of conservatism which concentrates more on national interests than standard conservatism as well as upholding cultural and ethnic identity, while not being outspokenly nationalist or supporting a far-right approach.

In the 1850s Chicago gained national political prominence as the home of Senator Stephen Douglas, the champion of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and " popular sovereignty " approach to the issue of the spread of slavery.

Narrative fiction of that time, much of it in the style of " high-flown romance " and " genteel realism ", needed a new approach to describe the urban social, political, and economic conditions of Chicago.

The Convention was designed to incorporate a traditional civil liberties approach to securing " effective political democracy ", from the strongest traditions in the United Kingdom, France and other member states of the fledgling Council of Europe.

It can be argued that, by this approach, the style or ' language ' of these films is directly affected not by the individuals responsible, but by social, economic, and political pressures, of which the filmmakers themselves may be aware or not.

The vision must be an integrated approach, involving political, social and economic and media influence measures.

Those using this approach aspire to liberal political goals of freedom and equal opportunity, and aim to join the political mainstream on the same level as other groups in society.

He rebelled against the religious and political authorities by proposing an unusual and uncompromising approach to the Christian faith.

Obtaining this balance – my pleasure at the same time as the pleasure of others – presumes that we approach the subject from different angles – political, ethical, aesthetic, erotic, bioethical, pedagogical, historiographical ….

The whig approach emphasizes the origins of today's positive political features, with history seen as a force that pushes society forward.

This practical political experience may have contributed to their taking a more pragmatic approach to politics.

For women who subscribed to this philosophy — dubbing themselves lesbian-feminists — lesbian was a term chosen by women to describe any woman who dedicated her approach to social interaction and political motivation to the welfare of women.

Within the space of these tendencies there has developed a coherent critique of " orthodox Marxism " that includes not only a rejection of the concept of " the transition " but a reconceptualization of the process of transcending capitalism that has remarkable similarities to ( Peter ) Kropotkin's thinking on this subject ... Thus one of the earliest political tendencies within which this approach appeared after the Russian revolution of 1917 was that of " Council Communism " which saw the " workers councils " in Germany ( see Bavarian Soviet Republic ), or the soviets in Russia, as new organizational forms constructed by the people.

Some distinguish Marx's economic theories from his political philosophy, arguing that Marx's approach to understanding the economy is independent of his advocacy of revolutionary socialism or his belief in the inevitability of proletarian revolution.

Alan Gerber and Dean Karlan of Yale University use an experimental approach to examine not whether the media are biased, but whether the media influence political decisions and attitudes.