A company wishing to practice price discrimination must be able to prevent middlemen or brokers from acquiring the consumer surplus for themselves.

Canadian carpenters also have the option of acquiring an additional Interprovincial Red Seal that allows them to practice anywhere in Canada.

In practice a lock on an object does not directly block a transaction's operation upon the object, but rather blocks that transaction from acquiring another lock on the same object, needed to be held / owned by the transaction before performing this operation.

The Church Missionary Society in London rejected Henry ’ s request for support for this practice of acquiring land on trust for the benefit of the Māori.

Penn Museum followed this practice in acquiring the vast majority of its collections, and, as a result, most of the Museum's objects have a known archaeological context, increasing their value for archaeological and anthropological research and presentation.

Domain name speculation is the practice of identifying and registering or acquiring Internet domain names with the intent of selling them later for a profit.

Next in order comes tenancy in fee tail, the various classes of which are sketched by Littleton with brevity and accuracy ; but he is silent as to the important practice, which first received judicial recognition shortly before his death, of " suffering a recovery ", whereby, through a series of judicial fictions, a tenant in tail was enabled to convert his estate tail into a fee simple, thus acquiring full power of alienation.

At this stage Western governments had, in practice, a split personality when it came to encryption ; policy was made by the military cryptanalysts, who were solely concerned with preventing their ' enemies ' acquiring secrets, but that policy was then communicated to commerce by officials whose job was to support industry.

Among these was William Broadhead, the Secretary of the Sawgrinders ' Union at that time, who described how he had paid two workmen £ 5 to murder a man called Linley who had taken on too many apprentices ; in practice, a method of acquiring cheap labour.

By the 14th century the Malian empire ( c. 1230-1600 ) had reached its apogee, acquiring a considerable reputation for the Islamic practice of its court and the pilgrimages of several emperors who followed the tradition of Lahilatul Kalabi, the first black prince to make hajj to Mecca.

The son had little formal schooling, worked closely with his father from an early age, acquiring a sound foundation of engineering practice which he augmented by reading, observation, and experience.

However the A-Card was also strongly criticised for being less reliable, as the owner could become unsafe after acquiring the card ( e. g. due to a lack of practice ), which wouldn't be an issue in the case of on-location safety tests or an honour based system in which another person, usually the group leader, would assure that the combatant is safe and jeopardize both their and the combatant's honour if the combatant then proved unsafe.

Student mobility is one of the ways of acquiring knowledge of state-of-the-art approaches in the field of diagnostics and laboratory practice.

** Patent agent or patent attorney, person who has the specialized qualifications necessary for representing clients in obtaining patents and acting in all matters and procedures relating to patent law and practice

Athenaeus described what may be considered the first patents ( i. e. exclusive right granted by a government to an inventor to practice his / her invention in exchange for disclosure of the invention ).

The practice was continued until the Statute of Monopolies was enacted in 1623, ending most monopolies, with certain exceptions, such as patents ; after 1623, grants of Letters patent to publishers became common.

On 20 February 2002, the European Commission initiated a proposal for a directive to codify and " harmonise " the different EU national patent laws and cement the practice of the European Patent Office of granting patents for computer-implemented inventions provided they meet certain criteria ( cf.

Rather than confirming the practice of granting patents for computer programs which provide a technical contribution, the revised directive placed substantial limits on patentability.

The European Patent Office, which is not legally bound by any EU directive but generally adapts its regulations to new EU law, has no reason or incentive to adapt its practice of granting patents on computer-implemented inventions under certain conditions, according to its interpretation of the European Patent Convention and its Implementing Regulations.

He is also strongly opposed to the current practice of the European Patent Organisation regarding software patents.

Each party, therefore, is able to practice the inventions covered by the patents included in the agreement.

Thus, they have no need for rights to practice other companies ' patents.

A patent attorney is an attorney who has the specialized qualifications necessary for representing clients in obtaining patents and acting in all matters and procedures relating to patent law and practice, such as filing an opposition.

*** Irish law and practice of patents ( set by Irish Patents Office )

Overseas, the practice of granting full industrial patents and monopolies became common in Italian states by the 1420s.

Over the next century, the granting of full industrial patents became a more common practice in England ; the next record is a letter from 1537 to Thomas Cromwell, Henry VIII's private secretary, from Antonio Guidotti, a Venetian silk-merchant.

He retired from private practice in 2002 leaving a body of work that included 12 books and 36 patents.

* Software Patent Index-History and current practice of the USPTO to granting software patents.

* Software patents under the European Patent Convention explains European Patent Office practice when examining patent applications involving software.

In addition to the consequences these legal provisions may have in practice, is also significant from an interpretive perspective to understand the origin of the much debated ( see Software patents under the European Patent Convention ( EPC ) and Article 52 EPC ).

A system of patents was developed to allow inventors a period of time ( often twenty years ) to commercialise their inventions and recoup a profit, although in practice many found this difficult.

In practice, much of their revenue comes from licensing patents from other corporations and then filing lawsuits for infringement of patents, a controversial practice known as patent trolling.

The practice of legally prosecuting infringement of patents that are not used by the company to produce goods or services has been referred to as " patent trolling " by investigative journalists and industrialists.

Usually, in order to meet the legal requirement of sufficiency of disclosure, patent applications and patents must disclose in their description the subject-matter of the invention in a manner sufficiently clear and complete to be carried out by the person skilled in the art ( see also: reduction to practice ).

In practice, Presbyterianism meant that committees of lay elders had a substantial voice in church government, as opposed to merely being subjects to a ruling hierarchy.

Oskar Lange argued that prices can be seen merely as an accounting practice.

Vocals may be used as merely an added sound effect, a common practice with bands such as the experimental Naked City.

One key distinction is the purpose for the practice ; handloaders often seek smaller batches of high-quality ammunition, whereas reloaders are said to make large quantities of ammunition that does not need to be of as high quality but at least one authority ( McPherson ) holds that a better distinction for these connotations is that, regardless of quantity, handloads tend to be of generally high quality while reloads tend to be merely functional.

And as the practice was anciently common of fining, imprisoning, or otherwise punishing the jurors, merely at the discretion of the court, for finding a verdict contrary to the direction of these dependent judges ; it is obvious, that juries were then no manner of security to the liberty of the subject.

Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the simultaneous sounding of notes was part of ancient Greek musical practice ; " harmonía " may have merely provided a system of classification of the relationships between different pitches.

However, this was merely a compromise position, and one which was in opposition to normal masonic practice, and consequently on 10 November 2004 ( after much deliberation by a special working party ) the Grand Chapter ( at its regular meeting in London ) overturned this compromise position, and declared the Royal Arch to be a separate degree in its own right, albeit the natural progression from the third degree.

This article is not intended as a complete reference list of Hebrew Bible quotations in the New Testament ; merely as an overview of the practice.

Musonius pays much more attention to ethics than logic or physics ; for he holds that philosophy is nothing else than an investigation and practice of what is becoming and obligatory ; and philosophy, he says, is merely the pursuit of a virtuous life.

The personal character of Malherbe was far from amiable, and the good as well as bad side of Malherbe's theory and practice is excellently described by his contemporary and rival Mathurin Régnier, who was animated against Malherbe, not merely by reason of his own devotion to Ronsard but because of Malherbe's discourtesy towards Régnier's uncle Philippe Desportes, whom the Norman poet had at first distinctly plagiarized.

Descriptions of principles are often followed by admonitions to " investigate this thoroughly " through practice rather than trying to learn them by merely reading.

Nowadays, it is merely an accessory and has little to do with piracy, though in some areas of the world the practice is still performed true to its heritage.

In practice, however, it is often merely an excuse to collect a great deal of personal data and violate privacy.

Although the collector could count the number of holes using a ruler, the usual practice is to use a perforation gauge, which has preprinted patterns of holes in a selection of common perforations, requiring one merely to line up the stamp's perforations with the closest match.

Sexual objectification refers to the practice of regarding or treating another person merely as an instrument ( object ) towards one's sexual pleasure, and a sex object is a person who is regarded simply as an object of sexual gratification or who is sexually attractive.

Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead.

His father was slightly deaf, and Ferris had to learn to speak clearly in order for his father to hear, because his father objected to the practice of merely reading loudly.

Neckam does not seem to think of this as a startling novelty: he merely records what had apparently become the regular practice of many seamen of the Catholic world.

An issue raised in the U. S. since the 2005 Disney decision is the degree to which companies manage their governance responsibilities ; in other words, do they merely try to supersede the legal threshold, or should they create governance guidelines that ascend to the level of best practice.

Other times the empirical relationships are merely approximations, often equivalent to the first few terms of the Taylor series of the " real " answer ( though in practice these approximations may be so accurate it is difficult to tell they're approximations ).

The term " subintroducta " refers to an unmarried woman living in association with a man in a merely spiritual marriage, a practice that seems to have existed already in the time of Hermas ; in the 4th century such a woman was also referred to as an " agapeta ".

In practice, the family had actual governmental power, many times dictatorial, rather than Kamakura shoguns, or the Imperial Court, who were merely legal symbols.

The practice of RCA is predicated on the belief that problems are best solved by attempting to address, correct or eliminate root causes, as opposed to merely addressing the immediately obvious symptoms.

While this ' slash and burn ' technique may describe the method for opening new land, commonly the farmers in question have in existence at the same time smaller fields, sometimes merely gardens, near the homestead there they practice intensive ' non-shifting " techniques until shortage of fields where they can employ " slash and burn " to clear land and ( by the burning ) provide fertilizer ( ash ).