For this reason, the more uncertain skywave service was denominated `` secondary '' in our rules, as compared to the steadier, more reliable groundwave `` primary service '', and, for both skywave service and skywave interference, signal strength is expressed in terms of percentage of time a particular signal-intensity level is exceeded -- 50 percent of the time for skywave service, 10 percent of the time for skywave interference.

The amount of time before transmitting the next set of pulses is defined by the distance between the start of transmission of primary to the next start of transmission of primary signal.

The secondary stations receive this pulse signal from the primary, then wait a preset number of milliseconds, known as the secondary coding delay, to transmit a response signal.

The primary purpose is to measure both the amplitude and frequency of the aggregate reflected signal from multiple distances.

Wheatstone also was experimenting with telegraphy and ( most importantly ) understood that a single large battery would not carry a telegraphic signal over long distances, and that numerous small batteries were far more successful and efficient in this task ( Wheatstone was building on the primary research of Joseph Henry, an American physicist ).

The incoming audio signal passes through a resistor ( A8 ) and the primary winding of the coil ( A3 ) which passes it to the speaker ( A1 ).

Ralph asserts two primary goals: to have fun and to maintain a smoke signal that could alert passing ships to their presence on the island.

* Both signal and signal return may be applied to the primary of a transformer, with the signal taken from the secondary.

As common mode interference will not cause current to be induced in the primary, no signal from this source will be seen in the secondary, while differential signals on the primary will cause current in the primary and so cause induced voltage in the secondary.

* A signal transformer may have a center tapped primary to ground, with the signal and signal return operating as a balanced line ( push-pull technique ).

Delta modulation ( DM or Δ-modulation ) is an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog signal conversion technique used for transmission of voice information where quality is not of primary importance.

Interferometry does increase the total signal collected, but its primary purpose is to vastly increase the resolution through a process called Aperture synthesis.

This is a desirable characteristic which maximizes airflow through the primary barrel ( s ) at most engine speeds, thereby maximizing the pressure " signal " from the venturis, but reduces the restriction in airflow at high speeds by adding cross-sectional area for greater airflow.

Since insulin is the primary hormonal signal for energy storage into fat cells, which tend to retain their sensitivity in the face of hepatic and skeletal muscle resistance, IR stimulates the formation of new fatty tissue and accelerates weight gain.

' A writer can use this signal with both primary and secondary sources.

Often, supplemental curb pedestal mounts, intended to support a signal for a different approach road, are used when primary signals are partially obscured due to structures such as overpasses, approaches around a building that obscures the primary signal mountings, and unusual approach geometry.

The formal displacement of the geocentric principle far from being Copernicus' primary concern, was introduced only to resolve what seemed to him intolerable in orthodox astronomy, namely, the ' unphysical ' triplication of centric reference-points: one center from which the planet's distances were calculated, another around which planetary velocities were computed, and still a third center ( the earth ) from which the observations originated.

A primary function is the operation of a Government Bid Center, which receives bids daily from the Federal Government's principal purchasing agencies.

As mentioned, the primary allocation objective to be followed in the allocation of stations on clear channels is the provision of widespread service, free from destructive interference.

Each year from 1941 on, its medical staff had conducted intensive field investigations to determine changes in population structure and vital rates and, as its primary objective, the incidence of major diseases.

Strong hands differ from `` weak hands '' in that their operations are the primary movers.

As stated in Seaboard and numerous other cases, the two primary reasons for the enactment of section 203 of the United States Code were to prevent the Government from having to deal with more than one claimant and to prevent the assignment of meretricious claims on a contingent-fee basis.

Little work has been done on the Munda languages, which are not well documented ; with their demotion from a primary branch, Proto-Mon – Khmer becomes synonymous with Proto-Austro-Asiatic.

From the mid-1980s through at least 1992, the United States was the primary source of military and other support for the UNITA rebel movement, which was led from its creation through 2002 by Jonas Savimbi.

Musical composition embodying angst as a primary theme have primarily come from European Jewish composers such as Gustav Mahler and Alban Berg, written during the period of great persecution of the Jewish people shortly before and during the period of Nazi activity in Europe.

Wesley sees two primary pathways that could result in a permanent fall from grace: unconfessed sin and the actual expression of apostasy.

Pastor and theologian Dr. Brian Abasciano claims " What Paul says about Jews, Gentiles, and Christians, whether of their place in God ’ s plan, or their election, or their salvation, or how they should think or behave, he says from a corporate perspective which views the group as primary and those he speaks about as embedded in the group.

Amethyst occurs in primary hues from a light pinkish violet to a deep purple.

Closely related and even more numerous are amides derived from primary amines ( R ' NH < sub > 2 </ sub >) with the formula RC ( O ) NHR '.

The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, and the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from a basis of much older Skaldic poetry.

Throughout the 5th century BC, Athens sought to consolidate its control over Thrace, which was strategically important because of its primary materials ( the gold and silver of the Pangaion hills and the dense forests essential for naval construction ), and the sea routes vital for Athens ' supply of grain from Scythia.

The primary way in which Australian English is distinctive from other varieties of English is through its unique pronunciation.

At the Alphonsus, three scientific objectives were determined to be of primary interest and paramount importance: the possibility of old, pre-Imbrium impact material from within the crater's wall, the composition of the crater's interior and the possibility of past volcanic activity on the floor of the crater at several smaller " dark halo " craters.

The Cobble Hill Tunnel and the Long Island Railroad remained the primary means of access to most of central Long Island from Manhattan and New York City.

The primary benefits over rifled barrels is reduced barrel wear, longer ranges that can be achieved ( due to the reduced loss of energy to friction and gas escaping around the projectile via the rifling ) and larger explosive cores for a given caliber artillery due to less metal needing to be used to form the case of the projectile because of less force applied to the shell from the non-rifled sides of the barrel of smooth bore guns.

During most of his tenure with Capp, Frazetta's primary responsibility — along with various specialty art, such as a series of Li ' l Abner greeting cards — was tight-penciling the Sunday pages from studio roughs.

Association with the transition from warm to cold weather, and its related status as the season of the primary harvest, has dominated its themes and popular images.

Spectroscopic examination of the energy states in the outflow of matter from the companion star suggest that it is about 224 AU behind the primary, giving a combined separation of about 574 AU.

It has a primary school, Mitchell Hall ( 1896 ), library, and Miners ' Welfare Institute ( 1931 ).

The Pro Football Hall of Fame has inducted eleven players who made their primary contribution to professional football while with the Raiders, in addition to owner Al Davis and head coach John Madden.

* Hall of Famers who made the major part of their primary contribution for the Raiders are listed in bold.

The primary reason for cylindrical Hall thrusters is that it is difficult to achieve a regular Hall thruster that operates over a broad envelope from ~ 1 kW down to ~ 100 W while maintaining an efficiency of 45-55 %.

In 1926 he became Mayor of New York City, having defeated incumbent John F. Hylan in the 1925 Democratic primary with the help of Governor Alfred E. Smith and Tammany Hall.

It is the primary of the central datum points for measuring distances from London along with the London Stone, Hicks Hall and the doors of St Mary-le-Bow church.

Harmon Hall is the primary administration building, which houses the offices of the Superintendent and the Superintendent's staff.

A great hall in Eleusis, Telesterion (" Initiation Hall " from Gr. τελείω, to complete, to fulfill, to consecrate, to initiate ) was one of the primary centers of the Eleusinian Mysteries.

Although some Americans would later characterize Wabokieshiek as a primary instigator of the Black Hawk War, the Winnebago Prophet, according to historian John Hall, " actually discouraged his followers from resorting to armed conflict with the whites ".

It was Walter who would convince Andrew Carnegie that New York needed a first-class concert hall and on May 5, 1891, both Walter and Russian composer Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky conducted at the inaugural concert of the city's new Music Hall, which in a few years would be renamed for its primary benefactor, Andrew Carnegie.

Schools in Thurrock include ; The Ockendon Academy, Chafford Hundred Campus, Gable Hall School, Gateway Academy, Grays Convent High School, William Edwards School & Sports College, Grays School Media Arts College, Deneholm Primary, Little Thurrock Primary, Quarry Hill Infant and Junior, St Thomas Of Canterbury Catholic Primary, Stifford Clays Infant and Junior, Stifford Primary, Thameside Infant and Junior School, Tudor Court Primary School, Warren Primary School, Chafford Hundred Primary School, Woodside Primary School ( which was opened in 1952 as Tyrell's Infant and Junior Schools, the names being changed to avoid confusion with the neighbouring Torell's Secondary School ; the schools were later amalgamated into one primary school ) and Treetops School.

Many of the children however, go to Catholic Parish Schools such as Saint Joseph's of Cottleville ; also, many parents choose to educate their children in catholic primary schools ( Academy of the Sacred Heart, Visitation Academy, Priory, and Saint Peters School are the biggest ones ) and Catholic secondary education ( Cor Jesu Academy, Nerinx Hall, Ursuline Academy, Visitation Academy, Incarnate Word Academy, Chaminade Academy, Christian Brothers College ( CBC ) High School, De Smet Jesuit High School, Saint Louis University High School ( SLUH ), and Duchesne Academy are the most popular.

Roger Guidon Hall serves as the primary building for students at the campus.

The town's primary schools are Templars, Holy Family, Howbridge, Powers Hall, Chipping Hill ( This became a primary school in September 2010 and moved to a new site in the south of town in January 2012 ), Rivenhall CoE, Elm Hall Primary, Southview and Silver End Primary.

Hall was the band's primary lyricist and philosopher, with Sutherland and Erickson both contributing lyrics as well as writing and arranging the group's music.

In 1959, while still the director-designate of the Memorial Theatre, Peter Hall announced that the formation of a permanent company would be a primary objective.

The village contains two churches, one primary school, a community centre, a doctors ' surgery, a chemist, a local store, a butchers shop, four public houses — The Boot *, The Farmers Arms, The Lord Binning ( previously The Morris Dancer ) and The Royal Oak ( previously The Oak )— a hotel ( Willington Hall Hotel *) and a farm shop ( Willington Fruit Farm Shop *, a family-run business established over 50 years ago ).

He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in Chirnside, and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall School near Edinburgh he was sent to Loretto School in Musselburgh, near Edinburgh.

William Stukeley was the son of a lawyer at Holbeach in Lincolnshire on the site of Stukeley Hall, a primary school that now bears his name.

( The Governor General's primary official residence is Rideau Hall in Ottawa.

From 1948 – 2003, Urbana took place at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, with the primary venue after 1963 being the Assembly Hall, the school's basketball arena.