Popper even uses the term " conspiracy " to describe ordinary political activity in the classical Athens of Plato ( who was the principal target of his attack in The Open Society and Its Enemies ).

The principal elements of the old Soviet political system were Communist Party dominance, the hierarchy of soviets, state socialism, and ethnic federalism.

At the time of Gabon's independence, two principal political parties existed: the Bloc Democratique Gabonais ( BDG ), led by Léon M ' Ba, and the Union Democratique et Sociale Gabonaise ( UDSG ), led by Jean-Hilaire Aubame.

At the time of Gabon's independence in 1960, two principal political parties existed: the Bloc Democratique Gabonais ( BDG ), led by Léon M ' Ba, and the Union Democratique et Sociale Gabonaise ( UDSG ), led by Jean-Hilaire Aubame.

At the time of Gabon's independence in 1960, two principal political parties existed: the Bloc Democratique Gabonais ( BDG ), led by Leon M ' Ba, and the Union Democratique et Sociale Gabonaise ( UDSG ), led by Jean-Hilaire Aubame.

They also served as the principal financiers of the nation's innumerable revolutions, floating innumerable loans-at high interest rates-to competing political factions.

Many of the counties of Ulster roughly correspond to the territories controlled by the principal clan in that particular area such as the O Donnells of Tír Conaill whose political power was concentrated in what would become the County of Donegal.

Tenniel is most noted for two major accomplishments: he was the principal political cartoonist for England ’ s Punch magazine for over 50 years, and he was the artist who illustrated Lewis Carroll ’ s Alice ’ s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.

Paul Nagel argues that his political acumen was not any less developed than others were in his day, and notes that Henry Clay, one of the era's most astute politicians, was a principal advisor to Adams and supporter throughout his presidency.

In post – Revolutionary Russia, Stalinism ( Socialism in one country ) and Trotskyism ( Permanent world revolution ) were the principal philosophies of Communism that claimed legitimate ideological descent from Leninism ' thus, within the Communist Party, each ideological faction denied the political legitimacy of the opposing faction.

The European Union, in the principal statement of its Badinter Committee, follows the Montevideo Convention in its definition of a state: by having a territory, a population, and a political authority.

Gen. Omar Torrijos, emerged as the principal power in Panamanian political life.

The Liberal Party ascent marked the decline of Brazil, which had supported the Colorados as the principal political force in Paraguay, and the rise of Argentine influence.

In the decade following the war, the principal political conflicts within Paraguay reflected the Liberal-Colorado split, with Legionnaires battling Lopiztas ( ex-followers of Solano López ) for power, while Brazil and Argentina maneuvered in the background.

Caballero responded, along with his principal adviser, José Segundo Decoud, and Escobar, by forming the Colorado Party one month later, thus formalizing the political cleavage.

He was offered a position at Queen's University teaching political science by James Corry, who later became principal of Queen's, but turned it down because he preferred to teach in Quebec.

Senegal's principal political party was for 40 years the Socialist Party ( PS ).

Serbia and Montenegro was composed of four principal political units, consisting of two republics and two subordinate autonomous provinces:

Venice began to lose its position as a center of international trade during the later part of the Renaissance as Portugal became Europe's principal intermediary in the trade with the East, striking at the very foundation of Venice's great wealth, while France and Spain fought for hegemony over Italy in the Italian Wars, marginalising its political influence.

The international political scene in the late 1930s was marked by growing intolerance between the principal figures, by the aggressive attitude of the totalitarian regimes and by the certainty that the order set up after World War I was losing its strongholds and its sponsors were losing their strength.

His political ideas, however, many of them in continuity with Turgot's, were criticized heavily in the English-speaking world, most notably by John Adams, who wrote two of his principal works of political philosophy to oppose Turgot and Condorcet's unicameral legislature and radical democracy.

Other provinces corresponding to modern Ecuador, the eastern and southern parts of today's Venezuela, and Panama came together in a political unit under the jurisdiction of Bogotá, confirming that city as one of the principal administrative centers of the Spanish possessions in the New World, along with Lima and Mexico City.

* Currency swap: In this kind of swapping, the cash flow between the two parties includes both principal and interest.

The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military.

The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military.

For much of the 19th Century, the principal parties favored Puerto Rico becoming one of the Spanish provinces in equal footing with the rest of the provinces ; such a standing was given twice, under liberal governments, but it was revoked as many times when the monarchs regained their power.

The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military.

The principal body is the conference of states parties, which normally is convened yearly, and in which all countries participate and have equal voting rights.

The following were the principal parties of government of the Irish Free State between 1922 and 1937:

Although Montevideo was the smallest department in terms of area ( divided into twenty-three geographic zones that generally coincided with the electoral zones ), its departmental board had sixty-five members in 1990 ; all other departments had thirty-one-member boards and a five-member executive council appointed by the departmental board, with proportional representation from the principal political parties.

The principal political parties during the Restoration were:

This has in turn been a factor in the ongoing factionalism within the two principal parties at national and local levels.

Thus, although the Naskapis had never filed a formal statement of claim or similar document, except for a draft history prepared by the late Dr Alan Cooke, the parties to the JBNQA accepted the legitimacy of their claims, and they entered into an agreement-in-principle with the Naskapis in the Spring of 1977 to negotiate an agreement that would have the same principal features as the JBNQA.

However, if the principal does not inform third parties and it is reasonable for the third parties to rely upon the power of attorney being in force, the principal might still be bound by the acts of the agent, though the agent may also be liable for such unauthorized acts.

The parties sent a collaborative survey team to locate and mark the source of the St. Croix River, the principal geographical feature identified in the earlier treaty.

It had a largely Muslim character ; similarly, the other principal ethnic groups in Bosnia, the Serbs and Croats, also established ethnically based parties.

Edinburgh became the " first and principal " lodge and Kilwinning the " second and head " lodge of Scotland, attempting to appease all parties.

Historically, running mates were chosen by political parties in consultation with the principal candidate ( i. e., the person running for president or governor ).

This singular way of electing members for the principal city in the kingdom could not fail further to irritate the parties.

The principal stakeholders of a company are typically its shareholders, but other parties such as tax authorities, banks, regulators, suppliers, customers and employees may also have an interest in knowing that the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material aspects.

The principal mauler, however, was Senator Joseph McCarthy.

This work has not changed the mind of any of the principal authors in the field, however.

He ordained further that some should be called " Abbreviators of the Upper Bar " ( Abbreviatores de Parco Majori ; the name derived from a space in the chancery, surrounded by a grating, in which the officials sat, which is called higher or lower ( major or minor ) according to the proximity of the seats to that of the vice-chancellor ), the others of the Lower Bar ( Abbreviatores de Parco Minori ); that the former should sit upon a slightly raised portion of the chamber, separated from the rest of the hall or chamber by lattice work, assist the Cardinal Vice-Chancellor, subscribe the letters and have the principal part in examining, revising, and expediting the apostolic letters to be issued with the leaden seal ; that the latter, however, should sit among the apostolic writers upon benches in the lower part of the chamber, and their duty was to carry the signed schedules or supplications to the prelates of the upper bar.

Its most common meaning, however, pertains to two principal ideals ; that social life should be structured through well-defined and well-regulated classes ( varna ), and that an individual's life within a class should be organized into defined stages ( ashrama, see dharmasastra ).

The Christian groups first called " gnostic " a branch of Christianity, however Joseph Jacobs and Ludwig Blau ( Jewish Encyclopedia, 1911 ) note that much of the terminology employed is Jewish and note that this " proves at least that the principal elements of gnosticism were derived from Jewish speculation, while it does not preclude the possibility of new wine having been poured into old bottles.

Evidence has, however, been outlined that suggests that the principal decline in Roman Britain ’ s continental trade may have occurred in the late 2nd century AD, from c. 165 AD onwards.

At least one scholar, however, decries that out of seven principal black characters across the Star Trek series, only La Forge and Tuvok " really qualify as nerds, and neither of them compares with the extraordinary geekiness of the teenaged Wesley Crusher.

With the loss of its principal proponent, however, the search for Vulcan abated.

The word temple, however, is used frequently in the tradition of Eastern Christianity and particularly the Eastern Orthodox Church, where the principal words used for houses of worship are temple and church.

Essex underestimated the Queen, however, and his later behaviour towards her lacked due respect and showed disdain for the influence of her principal secretary, Robert Cecil.

Pattertwig does, however, appear as a Narnian creature in Prince Caspian, and Aunt Gertrude is the principal of the experimental school in The Silver Chair.

However, the Louisiana Supreme Court notes the principal difference between the two legal doctrines: a single court decision can provide sufficient foundation for the common law doctrine of stare decisis, however, " a

) The motif of a secret superman society in the latter work, however, is not mentioned in Friday, where the heroine is an artificial person, and is not part of a secret society ( the principal reason to be secret about her artificialness is to avoid discrimination ).

In some countries, such as Pakistan, Israel, Thailand and several African nations, there is a strong relationship between the military and the principal national airlines, and many airline pilots come from the military ; however, that is no longer the case in the United States and Western Europe.

Color television broadcasting, however, was not widely available until after 1978, when the government launched Argentina Televisora Color ( ATC ), now Channel 7 ( Argentina's principal public television station ).

He earned his principal renown, however, as a lieder singer.

His principal importance was, however, as editor of three scientific journals of great value: Allgemeine Geographische Ephemeriden ( 4 vols., Gotha, 1798-1799 ), Monatliche Correspondenz zur Beförderung der Erd-und Himmels-Kunde ( 28 vols., Gotha, 1800-1813, from 1807 edited by Bernhard von Lindenau ), and ( Genoa, 1818-1826, 14 vols., and one number of the 15th, the suppression of which was instigated by the Jesuits ).

In fast-breaking crisis situations however, including the concurrent Suez crisis and Hungarian Revolution of 1956, the first and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1955 and 1958, and the 1958 Lebanon crisis, these were typically managed through small meetings with the President in the White House, normally involving Dulles and other concerned advisers, and through telephone conversations between Eisenhower, Dulles, and other principal advisers.

He agreed, however, to spare them, on condition that six of the principal citizens would come to him, bareheaded and barefooted and with ropes around their necks, and give themselves up to death.

The principal Irish Rail intercity train station in the county is Kildare, however, Newbridge, Sallins and Hazelhatch are also served by a Dublin commuter train service called the Arrow.

Recent evidence suggests that the site of the castle was occupied in prehistoric times: however, the principal remains date from the 14th century.

Columbia's position as a principal trade center began to decline ; however, Columbia sustained itself as a thriving farming community through the mid-20th century.

In English ones, however, he frequently has the principal role.