These are arranged approximately in the order of the vociferousness of their proponents but will be discussed in the reverse order in the hope that the true order of importance will result.

Well-known proponents of this theology are Greg Boyd, Clark Pinnock, Thomas Jay Oord, William Hasker, and John E. Sanders.

In addition, proponents of inquisitorial systems argue that the plea bargain system causes the participants within the system to act in perverse ways, in that it encourages prosecutors to bring charges far in excess of what is warranted and defendants to plead guilty even when they believe that they are not.

A minority of proponents of a natural explanation have attributed Bigfoot to animals that are not apes such as the giant ground sloth.

There are many modern proponents of rapid composting that attempt to correct some of the perceived problems associated with traditional, slow composting.

However, proponents of the cruise missile counter that the same argument applies to other types of UAVs: they are cheaper than human pilots when total training and infrastructure costs are taken into account, not to mention the risk of loss of personnel.

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are influential proponents of this school of thought.

According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach ( cliodynamics ), the basic problem Egypt has is unemployment driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4 % a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who are precisely those people that were seen out in the streets during 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Excessive disparities in income distribution emerging from private ownership are alleged by proponents of this system to lead to social instability that requires costly corrective measures in the form of social welfare and redistributive taxation and heavy administrative costs to administer them while weakening the incentive to work, inviting dishonesty and increasing the likelihood of tax evasion while reducing the overall efficiency of the market economy and necessitating government regulation over markets.

Four of the twelve Hijri months are considered sacred, although there is disagreement over the designated months, such as between proponents for the sequences

The leading proponents of intelligent design are associated with the Discovery Institute, a politically conservative think tank, and believe the designer to be the Christian deity.

Irreducible complexity ( IC ) is an argument by proponents of intelligent design that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler, or " less complete " predecessors, through natural selection acting upon a series of advantageous naturally occurring, chance mutations.

Intelligent design proponents attribute to an intelligent designer those biological structures they believe are irreducibly complex and whereof they say a natural explanation is insufficient to account for them.

Eugenie Scott, along with Glenn Branch and other critics, has argued that many points raised by intelligent design proponents are arguments from ignorance.

Rushton has been one of the proponents for the explanation that racial differences in IQ are partially related to genetic inheritance.

Illicit diversion has been a problem, but to the many proponents of the utilization of morphine for OST, the benefits far outweigh the costs, taking into account the much higher percentage of addicts who are " held " or, from another perspective, satisfied by this treatment option, as opposed to methadone and buprenorphine treated addicts, who are more likely to forgo their treatment and revert to using heroin etc., in many cases by selling their methadone or buprenorphine prescriptions to afford their opiate of choice.

Such objections however are very controversial and have been refuted by proponents of Divine Omniscience.

Although Oneness proponents claim " Jesus " is the name of the Father ( in that he by inheritance obtained a more excellent name ), Oneness people are speaking in terms of the humanity of God as different from the trinitarian claim Jesus was the second God of rank in the trinity who became human.

Some critics have argued that all forms of posthumanism have more in common than their respective proponents realise, and amount to intellectual pursuits that are disconnected from the practical concerns of everyday life ( i. e. Ivory Tower ).

Those proponents of rational choice models associated with the Chicago school of economics do not claim that a model's assumptions are a full description of reality, only that good models can aid reasoning and provide help in formulating falsifiable hypothesis, whether intuitive or not.

The term socialist has also been used by some politicians on the political right as an epithet against certain individuals who do not consider themselves to be socialists, and against policies that are not considered socialist by their proponents.

Vending machine proponents believe that obesity is a complex issue and soft drinks are not the only cause.

His advocacy of Spiritualism and his belief in a non-material origin for the higher mental faculties of humans strained his relationship with the scientific establishment, especially with other early proponents of evolution.

Anthroposophical proponents aim to extend the clarity of the scientific method to phenomena of human soul-life and to spiritual experiences.

Progressivists, like proponents of most educational theories, claim to rely on the best available scientific theories of learning.

A notable example is the now defunct belief in the Ptolemy planetary model that held sway until changes in scientific and religious thinking were brought about by Galileo and proponents of his views.

Its proponents made full use of a surge in the publication of review journals, and it was given more popular attention than almost any other scientific work, though it failed to match the continuing sales of Vestiges.

Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design.

Skeptics question its scientific value while proponents contend the practice can lead to higher levels of consciousness and have a positive influence on society.

Skeptics question whether SCI is actually scientific According to proponents, practicing the TM technique can lead to higher levels of consciousness and supernormal effects, including the Maharishi Effect.

It is important to emphasize that, although this principle operates in the context of scientific uncertainty, it is considered by its proponents to be applicable only when, on the basis of the best scientific advice available, there is good reason to believe that harmful effects might occur.

Influenced by the early Age of Enlightenment, he is considered to be one of the early proponents of a scientific ( and especially empirical ) approach to agriculture.

He also noted that, for many works, more than one reasonable stemma could be postulated, suggesting that the method was not as rigorous or as scientific as its proponents had claimed.

One of the primary criticisms of the intelligent design movement and hindrances to intelligent-design claims being considered legitimate science is that intelligent-design proponents have failed to produce supporting research papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

For instance, some proponents of repressed memories apply the scientific method carefully, and have even found some empirical support for their validity, though the theories have not received complete scientific consensus.

Following Łukasiewicz's early work, Korzybski and later proponents of General Semantics associate these truth values with probabilities and the use of scientific induction.

Despite this, many of pseudoarchaeology's proponents claim that they reached their conclusions using scientific techniques and methods, even when it is demonstratable that they have not.

In both cases, proponents of these theories claimed to use scientific techniques and methods, while in reality they did not.

Junk science is a term typically used in the political arena to describe ideas that proponents erroneously, for political reasons, dubiously or even fraudulently claim scientific backing.

Compounding this issue is that proponents of some fringe theories use both proper scientific evidence and outlandish claims to support their arguments.

While toxic in large quantities, proponents claim that it is effective in cancer treatment and prevention despite a lack of scientific evidence .< ref >

Wells joined the Unification Church in 1974, and subsequently wrote that the teachings of church founder Sun Myung Moon, his own studies at the Unification Theological Seminary and his prayers convinced him to devote his life to " destroying Darwinism ": the term Darwinism is often used by intelligent design proponents to refer to the scientific consensus on evolution.

As a result of the reactions to the 1990 article and its frequent citation by proponents of HGH as an anti-aging agent, in 2003 the NEJM published two articles that came out strongly and clearly stating that there was insufficient medical and scientific evidence to support use of HGH as anti-aging drug.

While proponents of DMT continue to glorify its practice, and proclaim several benefits in clinical practice, such claims are completely unsubstantiated in the scientific literature.