During the early 1920s, criticizing Freud's " classical " method of neutral interpretation, Ferenczi collaborated with Otto Rank to create a " here-and-now " psychotherapy that, through Rank's personal influence, led the American Carl Rogers to conceptualize person-centered therapy ( Kramer 1995 ).

In 1940, Carl Rogers had launched what would become person-centered psychotherapy, ' crediting its roots in the therapy of Rank ...& in the neo-Freudian analysts-especially Karen Horney '.

Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956.

However, Prochaska and Norcross ( 2003 ) states Rogers " consistently stood for an empirical evaluation of psychotherapy.

Rogers defends his view by referring to the fact that his theory is based on more than twenty-five years of experience in psychotherapy ( Pervin & Oliver 1997 ).

Once a rarely occurring spontaneous phenomena ( research in 1944 showed only 76 cases ), became " an artifact of bad ( or naïve ) psychotherapy " as patients capable of dissociating were accidentally encouraged to express their symptoms by " overly fascinated " therapists.

In the majority of the cases, there was an association between an increase in the size of the left amygdala with the use of SSRI's ( antidepressant medication ) or psychotherapy.

There is also striking absence in the literature of well-corroborated cases of such repressed memories recovered through psychotherapy.

In some cases, a trip sitter may be a medical professional, such as the nurses used in psychedelic research or a therapist who performs psychedelic psychotherapy.

The International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy (,, ) was a peer-reviewed scientific journal of psychiatry and psychotherapy published by the International Journal Press and Jason Aronson from 1974 until 1985.

* Robert S. Wallerstein, Forty-two lives in treatment: a study of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: the report of the Psychotherapy Research Project of the Menninger Foundation, 1954-1982, New York: Other Press, 2000

The most extensive illustration of the technique was to the literature on psychotherapy outcome studies, published in 1980 by Johns Hopkins University Press under the title Benefits of Psychotherapy by Mary Lee Smith, Gene V Glass, and Thomas I. Miller.

In Germany, the Psychotherapy Act ( PsychThG, 1998 ) restricts the practice of psychotherapy to the professions of psychology and psychiatry.

Various methods have been designed to increase forgiveness for individual psychotherapy ( Enright & Coyle, 1998 ; Kaminer et al., 2000 ; Malcom & Greenberg, 2000 ; McCullough & Worthington, 1994 ); marital therapy ( Gordon, Baucom, & Snyder, 2000 ); and psychoeducational groups ( Worthington et al., 2000 ; Worthington, Sandage, & Berry, 2000 )

Since 1998 he has been having psychotherapy to deal with violence and sex problems.

Common treatment methods include an eclectic mix of psychotherapy techniques, including cognitive behavioral ( CBT ), insight-oriented therapies, dialectical behavioral therapy ( DBT ), hypnotherapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing ( EMDR ).

In May 1926, having made emotional relationship in the " here-and-now " central to his practice of psychotherapy, Rank moved to Paris where he became a psychotherapist for artists such as Henry Miller and Anaïs Nin and lectured at the Sorbonne ( Lieberman, 1985 ).

Traveling frequently between France and America, Rank lectured at universities such as Harvard, Yale, Stanford, and University of Pennsylvania on relational, experiential and “ here-and-now ” psychotherapy, art, the creative will, and “ neurosis as a failure in creativity ” ( Rank, 1996 ).

The New York writer Paul Goodman, who was co-founder with Fritz Perls of the Gestalt method of psychotherapy, one of the most popular in the world today, and one that makes Otto Rank's " here-and-now " central to its approach, described Rank ’ s post-Freudian ideas on art and creativity as “ beyond praise ” in Gestalt Therapy ( Perls, Goodman and Hefferline, 1951, p. 395 ).

Clinical and other psychologists are experts at psychotherapy ( typically clinical psychologists are trained in a number of psychological therapies, including, behavioural, cognitive, humanistic, existential, psychodynamic, and systemic approaches ), and psychological testing ( e. g. including neuropsychological testing ).

Following this split, Adler would come to have an enormous, independent effect on the disciplines of counseling and psychotherapy as they developed over the course of the 20th century ( Ellenberger, 1970 ).

Within psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, Reich's Character Analysis contributed to the development of what is now known as ego psychology, gave rise to body psychotherapy, and helped to shape the Gestalt therapy of Fritz Perls ( 1893 – 1970 ), the bioenergetic analysis of Reich's student, Alexander Lowen ( 1910 – 2008 ), and the primal therapy of Arthur Janov ( b. 1924 ).

Pinto and colleagues ( 2008 ) report that individuals with OCPD are three times more likely to receive individual psychotherapy than people with major depressive disorder ( Bender et al., 2001, 2006 ).

In 1956 Laing went on to train on a grant at the Tavistock Clinic in London, widely known as a centre for the study and practice of psychotherapy ( particularly psychoanalysis ).

One successful ELIZA application was DOCTOR, a computer program that interacted with users through a text chat interface, answering questions or responding to user statements in a way that mimicked the client-centered psychotherapy dialog between a client ( the user ) and their therapist ( the computer running the DOCTOR application ).

Other elements that play a critical role in the process of psychotherapy include the environment, culture, age, cognitive functioning, motivation, and duration ( i. e. brief or long-term therapy ).

The BPS does not supervise the separate profession of psychotherapy ( including hypnotherapy and other techniques ), which is covered by the overarching body, the United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy ( UKCP ).

Vygotsky's powerful and seminal contributions to modern thought have been adopted ( and adapted ) by a wide range of contemporary thinkers, some of whom resent their use in the controversial context of Social Therapy ( Vygotsky himself never practiced, wrote about or conducted research on the subject of psychotherapy ).

MAPS has a twelve-person study in Switzerland to see whether a moderately large dose of LSD ( 200 mcg ) is more helpful as part of psychotherapy for patients with life-threatening illnesses than a lower dose ( 20 mcg ).

* Jen Clark ( vocals, guitar, cittern and dulcimer )-among other things now running a psychotherapy practice and offering voicework in Edinburgh ).

Some examples of psychotherapy include: cognitive-behavioral therapy ( the challenging of irrational thoughts and formation of alternative ways of coping and thinking ), psychoanalytic therapy ( an analyzation of underlying motives and issues ), group therapy ( where two or more clients work with one or more therapists about a specific issue, this is beneficial for those who feel as if they are the only one experiencing a certain problem ), humanistic therapy ( person-centered therapy where the positive aspects are highlighted ), and self-therapy ( personal time for the individual where journaling, self-disciple, self-monitoring, and honesty with self are essential ).

This can be contrasted to the other Viennese schools of psychotherapy: Sigmund Freud's pleasure principle ( will to pleasure ) and Viktor Frankl's logotherapy ( will to meaning ).

Peseschkian founded Positive Psychotherapy in 1968, based on a cross-cultural approach ; he was also the founder of the Wiesbaden Academy of Psychotherapy ( WIAP ), a German-state licensed postgraduate institute of psychotherapy ( since 1971 ).

" This mode of integration favors a firm grounding in any one system of psychotherapy, but with a willingness to incorporate or assimilate, in a considered fashion, perspectives or practices from other schools " ( Messer, 1992, p. 151 ).

), Handbook of psychotherapy integration ( 2nd ed., pp. 241 – 260 ).

), Handbook of psychotherapy integration ( 2nd ed., pp. 105 – 120 ).

), Handbook of psychotherapy integration ( pp. 130 – 165 ).

Carl Ransom Rogers ( January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987 ) was an influential American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology.

Towards the end of his life Carl Rogers was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with national intergroup conflict in South Africa and Northern Ireland.

Carl Rogers was also one of the people who questioned the rise of McCarthyism in 1950s.

His later books include Carl Rogers on Personal Power ( 1977 ) and Freedom to Learn for the 80's ( 1983 ).

The first empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the client-centered approach was published in 1941 at the Ohio State University by Elias Porter, using the recordings of therapeutic sessions between Carl Rogers and his clients.

* Rogers, Carl.

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* Carl Rogers ( Encyclopædia Britannica 220 online ).

* Carl Rogers page at Mythos & Logos

* Carl Rogers ' On Becoming A Person, a brief introduction.

* Analysis of Carl Rogers theory of personality

* Luca Corchia, La teoria della personalità di Carl R. Rogers, in Il Trimestrale.

ca: Carl Rogers

cs: Carl Rogers

cy: Carl Ransom Rogers

da: Carl Rogers

de: Carl Rogers