It is theorized that the pupal stage is the evolutionary compaction of all the nymphal stages of their hemimetabolous ancestors, while the larval stage is an extended, mobile form of the developing embryo.

Many species have long larval life stages while others can remain dormant in their pupal or egg stages and thereby survive winters.

The larvae feed for several years on rotting deciduous wood, growing through three larval stages until eventually pupating inside a pupal cell constructed from surrounding wood pieces and soil particles.

Fleas are known to overwinter in the larval or pupal stages.

The pupal stage is found only in holometabolous insects, those that undergo a complete metamorphosis, going through four life stages ; embryo, larva, pupa and imago.

Members of Tubulifera can be identified by their characteristic tube-shaped apical abdominal segment, egg-laying atop the surface of leaves, and three " pupal " stages.

Females of the eight families of the Terebrantia all possess the eponymous saw-like ovipositor on the anteapical abdominal segment, lay eggs singly within plant tissue, and have two " pupal " stages.

In Terebrantian thrips, a single pupal instar follows, whereas in the Tubulifera, two pupal stages will follow.

Since mealybugs ( as well as all other Hemiptera ) are hemimetabolous insects, they do not undergo complete metamorphosis in the true sense of the word, i. e. there are no clear larval, pupal and adult stages, and the wings do not develop internally.

He started a new company, Zoecon, which focused on pest control without insecticides, using modified insect growth hormones to stop insects from metamorphosing from the larval stage to the pupal and adult stages.

The Endopterygota, also known as Holometabola, are insects of the subclass Pterygota which go through distinctive larval, pupal, and adult stages.

The Histeridae life cycle consists of egg, larval, pupal and adult stages of development:

Phorid flies develop from eggs into larval, and pupal stages before emerging as adults.

Like all hemipterans, jewel bugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis ( hemimetaboly ) and do not possess larval and pupal stages.

The stage following the nymph stages is the pupal stage where the eyes become a deep red color, body color is yellow and the body structure thickening in size.

They overwinter in green pupal cases.

The larvae spin pupal cocoons and overwinter before emerging the following spring.

* In biology, meconium describes the metabolic waste product from the pupal stage of an insect that is expelled through the anal opening of the adult upon eclosion from the pupa.

These insects either have hemimetabolous development, and undergo an incomplete or partial metamorphosis, or holometabolous development, which undergo a complete metamorphosis, including a pupal or resting stage between the larval and adult forms.

Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni are parasitic mites that feed on the bodily fluids of adult, pupal and larval bees.

The stage before the adult is called a pupa, though it shares little in common with the pupal stage of holometabolous insects.

Prior to emergence, the adult inside the pupal exoskeleton is termed " pharate ".

Once the pharate adult has eclosed from the pupa, the empty pupal exoskeleton is called an " exuvium " ( or exuvia ); in most hymenopterans ( ants, bees and wasps ) the exuvium is so thin and membranous that it becomes " crumpled " as it is shed.

In a few taxa of the Lepidoptera, especially Heliconius, pupal mating is an extreme form of reproductive strategy where adult males mate with female pupa about to emerge or with the newly moulted female ; this is accompanied by other actions such as capping of the reproductive system of the female with the sphragis, denying access to other males, or by exuding an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone.

Some cocoons are constructed with built-in lines of weakness along which they will tear easily from inside, or with exit holes that only allow a one-way passage out ; such features facilitate the escape of the adult insect after it emerges from the pupal skin.

Following the larval and pupal stage, adult ambrosia beetles collect masses of fungal spores into their mycangia and leave the gallery to find their own tree.

The larval and pupal gut is largely colonised by photosynthetic cyanobacteria, while in the adult, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes predominate.

During the pupal stage, the larval body breaks down as the imaginal disks grow and produce the adult body.

During the pupal stage, structures of the adult moth form within the pupal case which is shed during eclosion ( adult emergence ).

Just before the adult emerges the wings of the butterfly inside the pupal case detach from it, and the pupa becomes silvery.

After the pupal stage they emerge in their adult form.

The pupal form of the beetle is similar in appearance to the adult form.

The pupal stage is white and has the basic shape of the adult.

It has been shown that these can sequester the plant's tropane alkaloids and store them through the pupal stage on to the adult butterfly, where they are then used as a defense mechanism, making themselves less palatable to vertebrate predators.

Insects emerge ( eclose ) from pupae by splitting the pupal case, and the whole process of pupation is controlled by the insect's hormones.

Moths emerge from pupal cases usually in late July or early August ; in the southern Rockies, adults often begin emerging in early July.

Once fully developed, most pupal caddisflies cut through their cases with a special pair of mandibles, swim up to the water surface, cast off skin and the now-obsolete gills and mandibles, and emerge as fully formed adults.

By the summer, the larva has consumed all of its provisions and begins spinning a cocoon around itself and enters the pupal stage, and the adult matures either in the fall or winter, hibernating inside its insulatory cocoon.

The pupal exuvia e are in the background, head down, the attitude favourable for ecdysis.

In holometabolous insects, molts between larval instars have a high level of JH, the moult to the pupal stage has a low level of JH, and the final, or imaginal, molt has no JH present at all.

Adult mosquitoes usually mate within a few days after emerging from the pupal stage.

The pupal transformation into a butterfly through metamorphosis has held great appeal to mankind.

To transform from the miniature wings visible on the outside of the pupa into large structures usable for flight, the pupal wings undergo rapid mitosis and absorb a great deal of nutrients.

After it emerges from its pupal stage, a butterfly cannot fly until the wings are unfolded.

After her death with hundreds to several thousand eggs still inside, her offspring hatch and pass through her body, pupal shell and case over several months emerging to start their own cases.

Later, her pupal case can be found, full of the yellow remains of eggshells.

After going through the pupal stage, the mature male ’ s first act is to mate with a female.

Staphylinids can also tear open the pupal cases of flies, to sustain themselves at a corpse for long periods.

Most moth caterpillars spin a cocoon made of silk within which they metamorphose into the pupal stage.

In some flies, this is a temporary rotation during mating, but in others, it is a permanent torsion of the organs that occurs during the pupal stage.

The cocoon provides a vital layer of protection during the vulnerable, almost motionless pupal state.

As a rule the subsequent instars are of more a less constant form and not highly mobile, being specialised for feeding and growth until the final instar must metamorphose into the pupal form.

The pupal stage lasts another five to seven days.

At the end of the fourth instar, the larvae spin silk cocoons under the wax covering the brood cells, changing them into pupal cells.

Instead, their young are called nymphs, and resemble the adults to a large degree, the final transformation involving little more than the development of functional wings ( if they are present at all ) and functioning sexual organs, with no intervening pupal stage as in holometabolous insects.