In November 2008, Columbia's undergraduate student body held a referendum on the question of whether or not to invite ROTC back to campus, and the students who voted were almost evenly divided on the issue.

" The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.

The party then held a member referendum on this question in the spring of 2003 which changed the party statute.

Later in 1951 Menzies decided to hold a referendum on the question of changing the Constitution to permit the parliament to make laws in respect of Communists and Communism where he said this was necessary for the security of the Commonwealth.

A referendum ( also known as a plebiscite or a vote on a ballot question ) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal, usually a piece of legislation which has been passed into law by the local legislative body and signed by the pertinent executive official ( s ).

To initiate a citizens-initiated referendum on a particular issue, proponents of the referendum apply to the Clerk of the House of Representatives, and once the question wording is determined, proponets have twelve months to compile a petition containing signatures from at least ten percent of all registered voters.

In the subsequent referendum campaign, rather than the normal British tradition of " collective responsibility ", under which the government takes a policy position which all cabinet members are required to support publicly, members of the Government were free to present their views on either side of the question.

Despite Plaid Cymru's ambivalence toward home rule ( as opposed to outright independence ) the referendum result led many in the party to question its direction.

On 24 and 25 September 1972, the Norwegian parliament put to a referendum the question whether Norway should join the European Union.

The question of “ using ″ Article 146 to draw a new constitution, and hold a referendum, was left to the twelfth ( and first all-German ) Bundestag, who after considering the question decided against a new draft.

At the Convention, a republic gained majority support ( 89 votes to 52 with 11 abstentions ), but the question of what model for a republic should be put to the people at a referendum produced deep divisions among republicans.

The 1999 Australian republic referendum was a two question referendum held in 1999.

The preamble referendum question was also defeated, with a Yes vote of only 39 per cent.

With the failure of the Charlottetown Accord and the Meech Lake Accord, two packages of proposed amendments to the Canadian constitution, the question of Quebec's status remained unresolved, and the PQ called the 1995 Quebec referendum proposing negotiations on sovereignty.

In 2008 a group named CityYes began collecting petition signatures for a voter referendum on the question of whether or not to become a city.

In December 2010 the Fishers Town Council approved a referendum question that would let residents decide whether or not to become a city and another question as to whether or not it should become a traditional city with an elected mayor and traditional city council or a " modern city " with a mayor elected by and from the expanded nine-member city council.

In a letter sent to Maharajah Hari Singh on 27 October 1947, the then Governor-General of India, Lord Mountbatten accepted the accession with a remark, “ it is my Government's wish that as soon as law and order have been restored in Kashmir and her soil cleared of the invader the question of the State's accession should be settled by a reference to the people .” Lord Mountbatten ’ s remark and the offer made by the Government of India to conduct a plebiscite or referendum to determine the future status of Kashmir led to a dispute between India and Pakistan regarding the legality of the accession of Kashmir to India.

The 1944 Australian Referendum contained one referendum question: Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled ' Constitution Alteration ( Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights ) 1944 '?

Nationally overall, 54 percent voted against the question in the referendum.

However, the departure of President Suharto and a shift in Australian policy by the Howard Government in 1998 precipitated a proposal for a referendum on the question of independence.

Such was my state of mind that I did not question the possibility of this ; ;

His gun was half drawn when he asked the question, but the weapon never left its holster.

`` I'd wind up full of bullet holes '', he said, and there was no question that he was talking about bullets fired by his coworkers.

He gave us a simile to explain his admission that even at the worst period of his second illness it never occurred to him there was any renewed question about his running: as in the Battle of the Bulge, he had no fears about the outcome until he read the American newspapers.

and the question before these meetings was, here is a man of international reputation and proved earning power ; ;

And now there was some question as to his continued residence there.

In a few months the Duke was to be the center of a controversy of some significance on the touchy question of the Protestant Succession.

From the outset, she must have realized that marriage with him was out of the question, and although she was displeased by the `` unwarrantable '' interference, it seems probable that she did agree with her mother's suggestion that the poet was `` perhaps '' a man `` most fitted to live & die solitary, & in the love only of the Highest Lover ''.

On the surface, the whole question was purely feudal.

He said he was a friend of Heywood Broun who had run a free employment bureau for several months during the depression, but the generous Broun to whom I wrote did not know his name and I somehow conceived the morbid notion that the man in question was prowling round the house.

Yet during the years when I was on the staff of The Nation, I tried to the limit the patience of the editors on almost every occasion when I was permitted to write an editorial having a bearing on a political or social question.

Only a token start was made in attacking the tax reappraisal question and its companion issue of attracting industry to the state.

It was the oldest and toughest question young lovers have ever asked: How can you be sure??

Another question that arose was the nature of the dialogue itself.

I was interested in James Webb Young's Madison Avenue column in which he raised the question: `` Do We Need a College of Propaganda ''??

When he was asked a question or addressed in such a way that some response was inescapable, he would answer ; ;

It was not a discourteous question, Lawrence decided.

He didn't, but it was not really a question, and so he left the room, walked down the hall to the front of the apartment, hesitated, and then knocked lightly on the closed door of the study.

so that the rest of the house stayed open, though there was a question as to whether it was hotter or cooler that way.

Taniyama – Weil conjecture ) based on a roughly formulated question of Taniyama at the 1955 Nikkō conference.

The most celebrated single question in the field, the conjecture known as Fermat's Last Theorem, was solved by Andrew Wiles but using tools from algebraic geometry developed during the last century rather than within number theory where the conjecture was originally formulated.

The question whether a given Turing machine halts or not can be formulated as a first-order statement, which would then be susceptible to the decision algorithm.

Having formulated the relativistic, geometric version of the effects of gravity, the question of gravity's source remains.

The great religious traditions of the World, including Judaism, have formulated many different responses to this question.

The restricted Burnside problem, formulated in the 1930s, asks another, related, question:

Von Neumann formulated the question 1 ) and provided an argument why the answer had to be no, if one accepted the formalism he was proposing.

Farkas Bolyai, father of János Bolyai, first formulated the question.

To others, he teaches mathematical sciences and handicrafts, can make men invisible and lead them to hidden treasures, and answers every question formulated to him.

In his February 14, 1938 Response to Comrade Ivanov (" Ответ товарищу Иванову, Ивану Филиповичу "), formulated as an answer to a question of a " comrade Ivanov " mailed to Pravda newspaper, Stalin splits the question in two parts.

He also returned to the study of functions in the 1940s, continuing his work on the extension problems formulated a decade earlier, and answering a question of Schwarz in a 1948 paper On Ideals of Differentiable Functions.

In 1938 and 1939 he began work, along with Bernard Babington-Smith, on the question of random number generation, developing both one of the first early mechanical devices to produce random digits, and formulated a series of tests for statistical randomness in a given set of digits which, with some small modifications, became fairly widely used.

Bott periodicity can be formulated in numerous ways, with the periodicity in question always appearing as a period-2 phenomenon, with respect to dimension, for the theory associated to the unitary group.

Specifically, duration can be formulated as the first derivative of the price function of the bond with respect to the interest rate in question, and the convexity as the second derivative.

Using these assumptions, duration can be formulated as the first derivative of the price function of the bond with respect to the interest rate in question.

In 1802 William Paley formulated the first known teleological argument depicting machines producing other machines, suggesting that the question of who originally made a watch was rendered moot if it were demonstrated that the watch was able to manufacture a copy of itself.

Using this technique Nichols and Knobe ( 2007 ) found that " people's responses to questions about moral responsibility can vary dramatically depending on the way in which the question is formulated " and argue that " people tend to have compatiblist intuitions when they think about the problem in a more concrete, emotional way but that they tend to have incompatiblist intuitions when they think about the problem in a more abstract, cognitive way ".

Although both Feynman's heuristic and pictorial style of dealing with the infinities, as well as the formal methods of Tomonaga and Schwinger, worked extremely well, and gave spectacularly accurate answers, the true analytical nature of the question of " renormalizability ", that is, whether ANY theory formulated as a " quantum field theory " would give finite answers, was not worked-out till much later, when the urgency of trying to formulate finite theories for the strong and electro-weak ( and gravitational interactions ) demanded its solution.

( The presiding judge read a question formulated by Litten ): Did Hitler, as he named Goebbels Reich Minister of Propaganda, know of the passage from his book, where Goebbels declares that fear of the coup d ' état cannot be permitted, that parliament should be blown up and the government hunted to hell and where the call to revolution was made again, letter-spaced?

States have not formulated a consistent answer to this question.