In telecommunication, a power budget ( or system budget ) is the allocation, within a system, of available transmitter power output to achieve the desired effective radiated power, among the various functions that need to be performed.

The facility officially began full operations in its final 3. 6 MW transmitter power completed status in the summer of 2007, yielding an effective radiated power ( ERP ) of 5. 1 Gigawatts or 97. 1 dBW at maximum output.

The UK allocated a 2. 8 kHz sliver of spectrum from 71. 6 kHz to 74. 4 kHz beginning in April 1996 to UK amateurs who applied for a Notice of Variation to use the band on a noninterference basis with a maximum output power of 1 W ERP ( effective radiated power ).

Specifically, the antenna gain, or power gain of an antenna is defined as the ratio of the intensity ( power per unit surface ) radiated by the antenna in the direction of its maximum output, at an arbitrary distance, divided by the intensity radiated at the same distance by a hypothetical isotropic antenna.

Its use is now somewhat deprecated, with the average transmitter power output ( or sometimes effective radiated power ) now typically being preferred.

Finally, huge ELF radiation power outputs of 100, 000 times the Sun's output in visible light may be radiated by magnetars.

The radiated power has been raised to 350 terawatts and the X-ray energy output to 2. 7 megajoules.

The output stage must be monitored for standing waves, which indicate that generated power is not being radiated but instead is being reflected back into the transmitter.

The maximum rated output of the solar cells installed at the KGO transmitter site is a little over 7 kW, which under ideal conditions is about 15 % of the 50 kW of electricity radiated by the transmitter during daytime hours.

The station transmits from Sutro Tower in San Francisco, with a power output of 24, 000 watts effective radiated power.

The extent of such interference -- which may be so slight as to be undetectable at any point where either of the stations renders a usable signal, or may be so great as to virtually destroy the service areas of both stations -- depends on many factors, among the principal ones being the distance between the stations, their respective radiated power, and, of particular significance here, the time of day.

which produces a total time-average radiated power P given by

* Effective radiated power, used in radio communications

Kepler supposed that the motive power ( or motive species ) radiated by the Sun weakens with distance, causing faster or slower motion as planets move closer or farther from it.

It is the master transmitter and the most powerful continuous wave ( CW ) station in the world, at 768 kW radiated power.

The magnetron is operated with very short pulses of applied voltage, resulting in a short pulse of high power microwave energy being radiated.

The master transmitter at Lake Kickapoo is said to be the most powerful continuous wave ( CW ) station in the world, at 768 kW radiated power on 216. 97927 MHz.

Overhead imagery ( see coordinates given above ) of the Gila River and Jordan Lake sites suggests that the original design called for antennas of twice the present length with, presumably, greater radiated power.

WUPX broadcaststs at 91. 5 FM with an effective radiated power of 360 Watts.

When Rome reached the height of its power, no fewer than 29 great military highways radiated from the city.

The form factors F < sub > ij </ sub > themselves are not in fact explicitly needed in either of the update equations ; neither to estimate the total intensity ∑< sub > j </ sub > F < sub > ij </ sub > B < sub > j </ sub > gathered from the whole view, nor to estimate how the power A < sub > j </ sub > B < sub > j </ sub > being radiated is distributed.

In the radio regime, of an antenna pattern, the angle between the half-power (- 3 dB ) points of the main lobe, when referenced to the peak effective radiated power of the main lobe.

# The resulting product of the power and time distribution, in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emission levels that may be encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its assigned mission in its intended operational environment.

Let the total power radiated from a point source, for example, an omnidirectional isotropic antenna, be P. At large distances from the source ( compared to the size of the source ), this power is distributed over larger and larger spherical surfaces as the distance from the source increases.

The cone boundary is usually defined ( a ) by the angle at which the far-field irradiance has decreased to a specified fraction of its maximum value or ( b ) as the cone within which there is a specified fraction of the total radiated power at any point in the far field.

Very often, only the relative amplitude is plotted, normalized either to the amplitude on the antenna boresight, or to the total radiated power.

* Effective radiated power

where P is the net power radiated, I is the intensity as a function of position, and dA is a differential element of a closed surface that contains the source.

The directive gain signifies the ratio of radiated power in a given direction relative to that of an isotropic radiator which is radiating the same total power as the antenna in question but uniformly in all directions.

The power gain, on the other hand, signifies the ratio of radiated power in a given direction relative to that of an isotropic radiator which is radiating the total amount of electrical power received by the antenna in question.

In electromagnetic transmission devices, especially those dealing with telecommunications, effective radiated power or equivalent radiated power ( ERP ) is a standardized theoretical measurement of radio frequency ( RF ) energy using the SI unit watts, and is determined by subtracting system losses and adding system gains.

The use of faster switching devices minimizes energy lost in the transitions from on to off and back, but may create problems with radiated electromagnetic interference.

Spectroscopy () is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy.

Also, if the two dipoles were fed with a 90 ° degree time-phase difference ( phase quadrature ), the polarization along zenith would be circular ... One way to obtain the 90 ° time-phase difference between the two orthogonal field components, radiated respectively by the two dipoles, is by feeding one of the two dipoles with a transmission line which is 1 / 4 wavelength longer or shorter than that of the other ", p. 80 ;

Five Roman roads radiated from Tours, which lay on the main thoroughfare between the Frankish north and Aquitania, with Spain beyond.

With friction, momentum of the two bodies is lost to the heat generated between the surface that the two bodies are sliding upon and the sound generated by the movement of the bodies through some medium ( both of which are radiated out of the two body system ).

Relationship between power radiated and the photon energy

Then, the relationship between radiated power and photon energy is shown in the graph on the rightside.

One aspect of Tempest testing that distinguishes it from limits on spurious emissions ( e. g. FCC Part 15 ) is a requirement of absolute minimal correlation between radiated energy or detectable emissions and any plaintext data that are being processed.

The angular width of the beam radiated by high-gain antennas is measured by the half-power beam width ( HPBW ), which is the angular separation between the points on the antenna radiation pattern at which the power drops to one-half (- 3 dB ) its maximum value.

The balance between absorbed and radiated energy determines the average temperature.

Omomyidae is a family of early primates that radiated during the Eocene epoch between about ( mya ).

Adapidae is a family of extinct primates that primarily radiated during the Eocene epoch between about 55 and 34 million years ago.

As these objects formed and radiated energy, the universe went from being neutral back to being an ionized plasma, between 150 million and one billion years after the Big Bang ( at a redshift 6 < z < 20 ).

The Cox Media Group outlet broadcasts with an effective radiated power of 40 kW from a position between Flowery Branch and Braselton, on the far edge of the northeastern exurbs.

The total energy radiated by a volume element in time dt between wavelengths λ and λ + dλ is found by integrating the sum of the emission coefficients over all directions ( solid angle ):

When a radiant barrier is placed between the roofing material and the insulation on the attic floor, much of the heat radiated from the hot roof is reflected back toward the roof and the low emissivity of the underside of the radiant barrier means very little radiant heat is emitted downwards.

The gaps between the tubes may allow for snow to fall through the collector, minimizing the loss of production in some snowy conditions, though the lack of radiated heat from the tubes can also prevent effective shedding of accumulated snow.

Then a town of about 2. 000 inhabitants, Yverdon radiated as a spa, and as a centre of thought ( 58 tomes of Yverdon Encyclopedia, published between 1770 and 1780 ), being in close contact with the great minds and movements of the time.

An intermediate shield between the outer and inner vessels intercepts the heat radiated from the outer vessel.

This persists in all conductors and mutual inductance between two radiated electromagnetic fields will result in EMI.

For radio systems in the longwave and mediumwave range the value of the height should be in the range between one sixth and five eighths of the wavelength, with favourite values at the quarter or the half of the radiated wavelength.

hiring minority and women reporters whom he placed in prominent positions in the newscast ( including the addition of " on-camera exchanges between anchors and on-set reporters which a Chicago media critic dubbed: happy talk "), and the Eyewitness News name and format radiated across the United States from here.

During its mission, Spitzer will obtain images and spectra by detecting the infrared energy, or heat, radiated by objects in space between wavelengths of 3 and 180 micrometres.