In the forelimb, the upper and lower series of carpal ( finger ) bones scarcely alternated, but in the hind foot, the astragalus overlapped the cuboid, while the fibula, which was quite distinct from the tibia ( as was the radius from the ulna in the forelimb ), articulated with both astragalus and calcaneum.

In most modern ungulates, the radius and ulna are fused along the length of the forelimb ; early ungulates, such as the arctocyonids did not share this unique skeletal structure.

The fusion of the radius and ulna prevents an ungulate from rotating its forelimb.

A possibility that does not require tying is that the nails were inserted just above the wrist, between the two bones of the forearm ( the radius and the ulna ).

The characteristics of anuran adults include: nine or fewer presacral vertebrae, a long and forward sloping ilium, the presence of a urostyle, no tail, shorter forelimb than hindlimb, radius and ulna fused, tibia and fibula fused, elongate ankle bones, absence of a frontal parietal bone, presence of a hyoid plate, a lower jaw without teeth, an unsupported tongue, subcutaneous lymph spaces between the skin and muscle layer and a protractor lentis muscle attached to the lens of the eye.

It joins with the scapula above in the shoulder at the glenohumeral joint and with the ulna and radius below at the elbow.

The elbow joint is the hinge joint between the distal end of the humerus and the proximal ends of the radius and ulna.

In tetrapods, the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus.

The ulnar column leaves a gap between the ulna and the triquetrum, and therefore, only the radial or scaphoid and central or capitate columns articulate with the radius.

# The ligaments of the wrist proper which unite the ulna and radius with the carpus: the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments ; the palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments ; and the palmar ulnocarpal ligament.

From the straight position two pairs of movements of the hand are possible: abduction ( movement towards the radius, so called radial deviation or abduction ) of 15 degrees and adduction ( movement towards the ulna, so called ulnar deviation or adduction ) of 40 degrees when the arm is in strict supination and slightly greater in strict pronation.

The sides of the forearm are named after its bones: Structures closer to the radius are radial, structures closer to the ulna are ulnar, and structures relating to both bones are referred to as radioulnar.

The ulna () or elbow bone is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius.

* the radius, near the elbow as a pivot joint, this allows the radius to cross over the ulna in pronation.

* the distal radius, where it fits into the ulna notch.

Anatomically, it connects the scapula and the lower arm ( consisting of the radius and ulna ), and consists of three sections.

More distally, at the elbow, the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius, and the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

File: Gray421. png | Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna.

Its fibers run perpendicular to the direction of the arm, running from the most distal quarter of the anterior ulna to the distal quarter of the anterior radius.

It is the only muscle that attaches only to the ulna at one end and the radius at the other end.

When pronator quadratus contracts, it pulls the lateral side of the radius towards the ulna, thus pronating the hand.

The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint located between the bones of the forearm, the radius and ulna.

Formed by the head of ulna and the ulnar notch of radius, this joint is separated from the radiocarpal joint by an articular disk lying between the radius and the styloid process of ulna.

Centered at each shortline is a 3. 5 m wide and 2. 1 m high goal cage and in front of the cage is a half-circular penalty area with a 17 m radius.

Blade length, thickness ( width ), and curvature ( rocker / radius ( front to back ) and radius of hollow ( across the blade width ) are quite different from speed or figure skates.

Lengths with order of magnitude 1e18m: thousand light year radius circle with yellow arrow and 100 light year circle at right with globular cluster Messier 5 within and Carina Nebula in front ; globular cluster Omega Centauri to left of both ; part of the 1400 light year wide Tarantula Nebula fills the background.

The redesign resulted in a tighter turning radius despite a longer wheelbase, and a doubling of the front compartment's cargo volume.

Earlier in the evening, a truck driver for the Pacific Powder Company, George Rutherford, had parked his explosives truck in front of the building, a fact which went unnoticed until shortly before the truck exploded at around 1: 14 a. m., destroying buildings in an eight-block radius and severely damaging 30 more blocks.

Many people surmised that the skirted fenders limited the turning radius of the wheels but was not an actual handicap for having a comparatively narrow front track.

At low speed ( e. g. parking ) the rear wheels turn opposite of the front wheels, reducing the turning radius by up to twenty-five percent, sometimes critical for large trucks or tractors and vehicles with trailers, while at higher speeds both front and rear wheels turn alike ( electronically controlled ), so that the vehicle may change position with less yaw, enhancing straight-line stability.

The front mounted anti-roll bar served two functions, to reduce body roll during cornering and to act as the radius rod for the front suspension.

The turning radius of the Inspire also was not as tight as its competitors due to the use of Constant-velocity joint installed on the front axle half shafts, but the Inspire did have an advantage in adverse traction conditions.

A longer distance between the front and rear wheels, known as the wheelbase, will increase stability, while a shorter wheelbase will increase the board's turning radius and decrease stability.

Handling and braking improvements were made to match the high-performance engines, with front and rear anti-roll bars, rear radius rods, heavy-duty springs, and front disc brakes all available ala carte or in a " Super Hawk " package ( introduced mid year ) with an R1 or R2 engine.

This longitudinal placement allowed for a smaller turning radius and easy in-town maneuverability, as well as 56 / 44 front / rear weight distribution.

It was designed to use the same front end sheetmetal, running gear, and wheelbase as the Valiant, but Plymouth's stylists gave the car an entirely new look by using a modified fastback configuration with radically curved side glass having only half the curvature radius of conventional side glass.

This can be seen on a shopping cart as the front wheels rotate at different velocities, with different turning radius depending on how tight a turn is made.

Voigt patented a horn loudspeaker design based on the assumption that a wave front traveling through the horn is spherical of a constant radius.

The reconfiguration of the track made the width of the front stretch, changed the pit stalls from asphalt to concrete, moved the dogleg ( back stretch ) outward by, as well as making the radius of the dogleg.

* In front of each frame, a D shaped semi-circle measuring 3m in radius must be drawn ; it defines the limits of the ' forbidden zone '

* R2 is the sight radius distance between front and rear sights.

At speeds of lower than, the rear wheels steer in an opposite ( toe out ) direction from the front wheels, in order to reduce the turn radius.

The recall affected 103, 000 cars and involved the replacement of a front radius strut in the front suspension assembly, addressing a risk that the component might break and render the car impossible to steer.