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The ratio of M to R increases by a factor of only three over 2. 5 orders of magnitude of M. This relation is roughly proportional to the star's inner temperature T < sub > I </ sub >, and its extremely slow increase reflects the fact that the rate of energy generation in the core strongly depends on this temperature, while it has to fit the mass – luminosity relation.
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ratio and M
M. von Rohr showed that for systems fulfilling neither the Airy nor the Bow-Sutton condition, the ratio a ' cos w '/ a tan w will be constant for one distance of the object.
All rocket concepts are limited by the rocket equation, which sets the characteristic velocity available as a function of exhaust velocity and mass ratio, of initial ( M < sub > 0 </ sub >, including fuel ) to final ( M < sub > 1 </ sub >, fuel depleted ) mass.
attractor ), provided that the ratio of M < sub > 1 </ sub >/ M < sub > 2 </ sub > is greater than 24. 96 .< ref group =" note "> Actually This is the case for the Sun – Earth system, the Sun – Jupiter system, and, by a smaller margin, the Earth – Moon system.
Sulfides are classified by the ratio of the metal or semimetal to the sulfur, such as M: S equal to 2: 1, or 1: 1.
BE is the ratio of gravitational binding energy mass equivalent to observed neutron star gravitational mass of " M " kilograms with radius " R " meters,
where C < sub > a </ sub > is the concentration of the analyte, typically in molarity ; C < sub > t </ sub > is the concentration of the titrant, typically in molarity ; V < sub > t </ sub > is the volume of the titrant used, typically in dm < sup > 3 </ sup >; M is the mole ratio of the analyte and reactant from the balanced chemical equation ; and V < sub > a </ sub > is the volume of the analyte used, typically in dm < sup > 3 </ sup >.
The ratio of the BPP of the real beam to that of an ideal Gaussian beam at the same wavelength is known as M < sup > 2 </ sup > (" M squared ").
Defining the specific gas constant R < sub > specific </ sub > as the ratio R / M,
BE is the ratio of gravitational binding energy mass equivalent to observed neutron star gravitational mass of " M " kilograms with radius " R " meters,
Mathematically, corrosion rates of glasses are characterized by normalized corrosion rates of elements NR < sub > i </ sub > ( g / cm < sup > 2 </ sup >· d ) which are determined as the ratio of total amount of released species into the water M < sub > i </ sub > ( g ) to the water-contacting surface area S ( cm < sup > 2 </ sup >), time of contact t ( days ) and weight fraction content of the element in the glass f < sub > i </ sub >:
The game Star Trek: The Next Generation-A Final Unity mentions that Class N planets are more related to Class M with the key difference being a higher ratio of water to land.
This yields a mass-to-light ratio of about 300 times that of the solar ratio ( M < sub >☉</ sub >/ L < sub >☉</ sub > = 1 ), a figure that is consistent with results obtained for other superclusters.
** Schaller BM series open tuning heads M / C heads with a gear ratio of 1: 20.
With respect to desktop processors, Intel's development efforts shifted to the Pentium M microarchitecture ( itself a derivative of the P6 microarchitecture ) used in the Centrino notebook platform, which offered a processing power to power consumption ratio considerably higher than that offered by Prescott and other NetBurst based designs.
Richard M. Smith became Chairman in 1998, the year that the magazine inaugurated its " Best High Schools in America " list, a ranking of public secondary schools based on the Challenge Index, which measures the ratio of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate exams taken by students to the number of graduating students that year, regardless of the scores earned by students or the difficulty in graduating.
where the symbol M stands for molar mass, or into a mole ratio ( or mole fraction, " x ," ratio )
Both N and A count down until A reaches zero, at which point the prescaler is switched to a division ratio of M. At this point, the divider N has completed A counts.
The sole available transmission is a six-speed manual gearbox with an M gearshift knob, a 3. 15: 1 final drive ratio and a limited slip differential.
ratio and R
NEEP, itself a joint venture, is held by DiBenedetto AS Roma LLC ( later renamed to AS Roma SPV, LLC ) and Unicredit in 60-40 ratio, which the former had 4 real person shareholders in equal ratio, led by Roma current president Thomas R. DiBenedetto.
Altruism is known to increase from rarity when relatedness ( R ) exceeds the ratio of the cost ( C ) to the altruist ( in this case, the cell giving up its own reproduction by differentiating ), to the benefit ( B ) to the recipient of altruism ( the germ line of the colony, that reproduces as a result of the differentiation ), i. e. R > C / B ( see Hamilton's rule ).
This last ratio was termed " R " by American composer, pianist and theoretician Easley Blackwood, but in effect has been in use for much longer than that.
It is also valuable to understand the ratio of reserves to annual consumption ( R / C ) by region or country.
Econometric studies linking profit to market structure often conclude that measured profitability is correlated with the advertising-to-sales ratio and with the R & D expenditures-to-sales ratio.
The resistance ( R ) of an object is defined as the ratio of voltage across it ( V ) to current through it ( I ), while the conductance ( G ) is the inverse:
The ratio is called the reflectance, and is usually expressed as a percentage (% R ).
If p is a probability then p /( 1 − p ) is the corresponding odds, and the logit of the probability is the logarithm of the odds ; similarly the difference between the logits of two probabilities is the logarithm of the odds ratio ( R ), thus providing a shorthand for writing the correct combination of odds ratios only by adding and subtracting:
where X represents the isotope of interest and R represents the ratio of the isotope of interest and its natural form ( i. e. < sup > 13 </ sup > C /< sup > 12 </ sup > C ).
The Bland-Allison Act ( named for Richard P. Bland, D – Mo., and William Allison, R – Iowa ) required the U. S. Treasury to buy between $ 2 million to $ 4 million of silver per month at about double the market value, with a ratio of silver to gold at 16: 1.
Three of the most commonly used indices are examined on this page beginning with the likelihood ratio R < sup > 2 </ sup >, R < sup > 2 </ sup >< sub > L </ sub >:
One limitation of the likelihood ratio R < sup > 2 </ sup > is that it is not monotonically related to the odds ratio, meaning that it does not necessarily increase as the odds ratio increases and does not necessarily decrease as the odds ratio decreases.
Nevertheless, the Cox and Snell and likelihood ratio R < sup > 2 </ sup > s show greater agreement with each other than either does with the Nagelkerke R < sup > 2 </ sup >.
ratio and increases
The high surface-to-volume ratio increases specific heat loss.
Carbamazepine increases the risk of developing lupus by 88 % ( odds ratio of 1. 88 ), with the effect possibly restricted to women.
As well as the high level of compression allowing combustion to take place without a separate ignition system, a high compression ratio greatly increases the engine's efficiency.
In 1939, Babcock reported in his PhD thesis measurements of the rotation curve for Andromeda which suggested that the mass-to-luminosity ratio increases radially.
Rarely, the Hf / Zr ratio increases during crystallization to give the isostructural mineral ' hafnon ' ( Hf, Zr ) SiO < sub > 4 </ sub >, with atomic Hf > Zr.
In adaptive systems, feedback increases the signal-to-noise ratio, which may converge towards a steady state.
Sometimes this results in the counterintuitive finding that reducing the height of an antenna increases the signal-to-noise ratio.
Preemphasis increases the magnitude of the higher signal frequencies, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
But since the strength of the signal itself increases more rapidly, the relative proportion of shot noise decreases and the signal to noise ratio ( considering only shot noise ) increases anyway.
This ratio increases for each lower level of people's assemblies, until the lowest level, the village level, has no limit on the number of candidates for each seat.
Para-positronium can decay into any even number of photons ( 2, 4, 6, ...), but the probability quickly decreases as the number increases: the branching ratio for decay into 4 photons is.
The ratio of O-18 to O-16 will be higher as temperature increases.
The hippocampal-size-to-body-size ratio broadly increases, being about twice as large for primates as for the echidna.
With an increase in the waist to hip ratio and overall waist circumference the risk of death increases as well. Metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance, full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease .< ref > Després, Jean-Pierre, and Isabelle Lemieux.
* A large cell, especially one equipped for phagocytosis, has vast energetic requirements, which cannot be achieved without the internalisation of energy production ( due to the decrease in the surface area to volume ratio as size increases ).
Flying close to a surface increases air pressure on the lower wing surface, known as the " ram " or " cushion " effect, and thereby improves the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio.
Moreover, the lower thrust-to-weight ratio of an air-breathing engine as compared to a rocket significantly decreases the launch vehicle's maximum possible acceleration, and increases gravity losses since more time must be spent to accelerate to orbital velocity.
As the ratio increases the absolute value of the phase increases and becomes – 45 degrees when.
As the ratio increases for input frequencies much greater than the corner frequency, the phase angle asymptotically approaches − 90 degrees.
Long islands can be ordered " extra long ", which further increases the alcohol to mixer ratio.
For example, in linear interpolation, a line that increases one ordinate ( y-value ) for every two abscissa ( x-value ) has a ratio ( also known as slope or rise-over-run ) of 1 / 2.
Due to its cylindrical high aspect ratio, self-assembling nature, and ability to incorporate metal coatings ( nickel and cobalt ) into its shell, TMV is an ideal candidate to be incorporated into battery electrodes Addition of TMV to a battery electrode increases the reactive surface area by an order of magnitude, resulting in an increase in the battery's capacity by up to six times compared to a planar electrode geometry ..
2.274 seconds.