Strange, but true -- authenticity and realism often aren't related at all.

Consilience is important across all of science, including the social sciences, and is often used as an argument for scientific realism by philosophers of science.

There are many variants of empiricism, positivism and realism being among the most commonly expounded but central to all empiricist epistemologies is the notion of the epistemologically privileged status of sense data.

It is a common misconception that quantum mechanics is inconsistent with all notions of philosophical realism, but realist interpretations of quantum mechanics are possible, although, as discussed above, such interpretations must reject either locality or counter-factual definiteness.

Ethical subjectivism stands in opposition to moral realism, which claims that moral propositions refer to objective facts, independent of human opinion ; to error theory, which denies that any moral propositions are true in any sense ; and to non-cognitivism, which denies that moral sentences express propositions at all.

The essential tenet of legal realism is that all law is made by human beings and, thus, is subject to human foibles, frailties and imperfections.

Possible worlds are a way of explaining probability, hypothetical statements and the like, and some philosophers such as David Lewis believe that all possible worlds exist, and are just as real as the actual world ( a position known as modal realism ).

In the second half of the 19th century, Jacques Offenbach created operetta with witty and cynical works such as Orphée aux enfers, as well as the opera Les Contes d ' Hoffmann ; Charles Gounod scored a massive success with Faust ; and Bizet composed Carmen, which, once audiences learned to accept its blend of Romanticism and realism, became the most popular of all opéra comiques.

Some versions of Platonic realism, like that of Proclus, regard Plato's forms as thoughts in the mind of God ; most consider forms not to be mental entities at all.

They have all shown agreement with quantum mechanics rather than the principle of local realism.

) Thackeray's tendency to highlight faults in all of his characters displays his desire for a greater level of realism in his fiction compared to the rather unlikely or idealised people in many contemporary novels.

These " Bloomsbury assumptions " are also reflected in members ' criticisms of materialistic realism in painting and fiction, influenced above all by Clive Bell's " concept of ' Significant Form ', which separated and elevated the concept of form above content in works of art ": it has been suggested that, with their " focus on form ... Bell's ideas have come to stand in for, perhaps too much so, the aesthetic principles of the Bloomsbury Group ".

Modal realism is the view, notably propounded by David Kellogg Lewis, that all possible worlds are as real as the actual world.

Empiricism is a form of realism that denies that mathematics can be known a priori at all.

The official literary style became socialist realism and all avantgarde leanings were suppressed.

To add to the realism, all in-game characters, terrorists, hostages and Rainbow operatives, can be wounded or dispatched in just fractions of a second.

The production focused on realism ; for example, all the body parts were based upon real autopsy photographs, and were checked at the Royal College of Surgeons to ensure authenticity.

Under such influences he came more and more to embrace the ideal of artistic realism and all that it entailed, whether this concerned the responsibility to depict life " as it is truly lived "; the preoccupation with the lower strata of society ; or the rejection of repeating, symmetrical musical forms as insufficiently true to the unrepeating, unpredictable course of " real life ".

Not all Marxists accepted the necessity of socialist realism ( Marx's, Engels ' and Trotsky's views on art and culture were very liberal and may have balked at the propagandism of Socialist realism themselves ).

Solipsism is opposed to all forms of realism and many forms of idealism ( insofar as they claim that there is something outside the idealist's mind, which is itself another mind, or mental in nature ).

" Understood this way, the distinction between realism and solipsism collapses and amounts to different ways of describing the same thing: a massively complex process that causes all of the solipsist's experiences, but is not identical to the solipsist's conscious mind.

Moral realism stands in opposition to all forms of moral anti-realism, including ethical subjectivism ( which denies that moral propositions refer to objective facts ), error theory ( which denies that any moral propositions are true ), and non-cognitivism ( which denies that moral sentences express propositions at all ).

The inclusion of radiosity calculations in the rendering process often lends an added element of realism to the finished scene, because of the way it mimics real-world phenomena.

The technique is capable of producing a very high degree of visual realism, usually higher than that of typical scanline rendering methods, but at a greater computational cost.

Ingle's approach, as described in his own words, reflects the early inspiration of the magic realism movement as described by Roh ; that is, the aim is not to add magical elements to a realistic painting, but to pursue a radically faithful rendering of reality ; the " magic " effect on the viewer comes from the intensity of that effort: " I don't want to make arbitrary changes in what I see to paint the picture, I want to paint what is given.

Hilary Putnam has argued that any theory of mathematical realism would include quasi-empirical methods.

While Disney's animation methods produced lush and awe-inspiring images, it was felt that realism in the medium of animation was a limiting factor.

Eakins ' methods appear to be meticulously applied, and rather than shortcuts, were likely used in a quest for accuracy and realism.

After Joseph Stalin's rise to power, the Communist regime openly encouraged exclusively socialist realism methods and initiated a campaign to stamp out all culture the Communist Party perceived as dangerous.

These pioneers opened the way for later proponents of realism in drama, such as Shaw, and for modern methods of play production.

Mike Leigh is known to use unusual methods to achieve realism in his films.

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This model supports realism in that scientists are always working within the same universe ; their theories must be referring to real objects, because they create theories that refer to actual objects that are used later in methods to produce new theories.

This model supports realism in that scientists are always working within the same universe ; their theories must be referring to real objects, because they create theories that refer to actual objects that are used later in methods to produce new theories.

The genuinely interesting question, then, becomes: What factors determine the degree of realism or distortion in conventional images of Jews??

Although high level of stylization, mystical appeal, and surreal elegance were often preferred over realism ( such as in shan shui style ), beginning with the medieval Song Dynasty there were many Chinese painters then and afterwards who depicted scenes of nature that were vividly real.

Substance theorists then say that bundle theory and metaphysical realism can only coexist by introducing an identity of indiscernibles creed, which substance theorists suggest is incoherent.

After the war, in a referendum, the people of Dresden voted to restore the building and generally preferred to rebuild the glories of the city, instead of having the ruins razed to make way for the architecture of socialist realism then prevalent in the German Democratic Republic.

Film critic and historian Richard Schickel goes so far as to credit this gritty realism with inspiring “ the likes of Pabst, Stiller, von Sternberg, and others, then re-emerging in the United States in the sound era, in the genre identified as Film Noir ".

He adds, " If you can explain it, then it's not magical realism.

These same fans will be on the mailing list of the " Loyal Order of Chivalry & Sorcery ", created in September 1996 at the instigation of Wilf Backhaus, mailing list that will, for many years ( until 2005, when the creation of the first forum of LOCS, posted by Ian Plumb ), stimulate debate about C & S3 then C & S4, most players lamenting the disappearance of the medieval flavor and realism of the first two editions.

Since then, Morrison has experimented with lyric fantasy, as in her two best-known later works, Song of Solomon ( 1977 ) and Beloved ( 1987 ), for which she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction ; along these lines, critic Harold Bloom has drawn favorable comparisons to Virginia Woolf, and the Nobel committee to " Faulkner and to the Latin American tradition magical realism.

Some theorists have argued that if the " consciousness-is-computation " version of computationalism and mathematical realism ( or radical mathematical Platonism ) are true then consciousnesses is computation, which in principle is platform independent, and thus admits of simulation.

Day discovered Kate Moss when she was a young and unknown model and described the pictures that she took of Moss as ‘ dirty realism ’ or ‘ grunge ’. Moss then went on to become the " anti-supermodel " of the 1990s in contrast to the " supermodels " of the moment, such as Cindy Crawford, Elle Macpherson, Claudia Schiffer, and Naomi Campbell, who were known for their curvaceous and tall figures.

If critical realism is correct, then representationalism would have to be a correct theory of perception.

Over this period imperial Late Roman art went through a strikingly " baroque " phase, and then largely abandoned classical style and Greek realism in favour of a more mystical and hieratic style — a process that was well underway before Christianity became a major influence on imperial art.

His shocking descriptions of conditions in working-class 19th-century Paris drew widespread admiration for their realism, then as now, and the novel remains one of the most powerful in the French language.

One way to draw using an oblique view is to draw the side of the object you are looking at in two dimensions, i. e. flat, and then draw the other sides at an angle of 45 degrees, but instead of drawing the sides full size they are only drawn with half the depth creating ' forced depth ' – adding an element of realism to the object.

" Bolland therefore states that he " aped Mike's genius ... and then reinterpreted in a style which actually borrowed a lot from the work of the American artists ," retaining McMahon's " granite-jawed " look but bringing a level of realism and fine detail to the character, which Mark Salisbury says " finally cemented the iconic image.

It then lost this sophisticated realism, becoming progressively more symbolic and decorative over the centuries.

All these inequalities, like the original inequality of Bell, by assuming local realism, place restrictions on the statistical results of experiments on sets of particles that have taken part in an interaction and then separated.

If S exceeds 0 then the experiment is declared to have infringed Bell's inequality and hence to have " refuted local realism ".

So much was this the case that some of those more enlightened men who were then called Socialists, although they well knew, and even stated in public, that the only reasonable condition of Society was that of pure Communism ( such as you now see around you ), yet shrunk from what seemed to them the barren task of preaching the realism of a happy dream.

Before coming to Washington in 1938, Arnold was the mayor of Laramie, Wyoming, and then a professor at Yale Law School, where he took part in the legal realism movement, and published two books: The Symbols of Government ( 1935 ) and The Folklore of Capitalism ( 1937 ).

In forum-based simulation games players register, apply for an open nation an avatar ( administrator ), and then send news article actions which help shape their policies, and aspects such as realism and cooperation are highly promoted.

If however, the experimenters were to tell the participants the purpose of the experiment then such a procedure would be low in psychological realism.

The painters emphasised naturalism and realism, in contrast to the various schools of avant-garde art then prevalent.

Though controversial in theme, the film is a non-partisan treatment of the ethnic conflict then raging in Sri Lanka with a hint of magic realism.