Gold has been widely used throughout the world as a vehicle for monetary exchange, either by issuance and recognition of gold coins or other bare metal quantities, or through gold-convertible paper instruments by establishing gold standards in which the total value of issued money is represented in a store of gold reserves.

He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War ( 1861 – 65 ), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the " scorched earth " policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States.

One study based on recognition of 19th-and early 20th-century newspaper pages concluded that character-by-character OCR accuracy for commercial OCR software varied from 71 % to 98 %; total accuracy can be achieved only by human review.

In the 5th Volume of Australian Superbrands it was recorded that " Research reveals that the popular Salvation Army slogan ‘ Thank God for the Salvos ’ has almost total recognition amongst the Australian public, achieving 93 per cent aided awareness ".

However, the genus did not receive general recognition until 1947 when it was revived by E. E. Cheesman in the first of a series of papers in the Kew Bulletin on the classification of the bananas, with a total of 25 species.

Protests and demands became more focused: the cocaleros continued protesting against eradication of a milenary plant ( coca ) although Banzer ’ s " Coca 0 " policy had been replaced by the earlier subsidized crop substitution policy for gradual coca reduction but not total eradication ; the indigenous farmers of the La Paz Aymara region wanted a " re-founding " of Bolivia, with the recognition and inclusion of Bolivia's indigenous ethnic groups as legitimate political blocs, and a type of economic de-centralization based on said recognition of indigenous groups as legitimate political actors.

From 1331 the feudal lords began to recognize the rights of James, and in 1333 the recognition was total.

The club's eighth championship places it third in total national titles and players will now wear two stars over their uniform crest in recognition of the team's five Bundesliga titles.

A team which wins 3 times in a row or 5 in total, receives an original copy of the trophy and a special mark of recognition.

Initially, Ríos ' government was committed to neutrality during the war, but the left-wing parties of his coalition were in favor of an immediate and total rupture with the Axis as well as for the recognition of the USSR, which they saw as their contribution to the world-struggle against fascism.

In 1946 Hartley was awarded the IRE medal of honor " For his early work on oscillating circuits employing triode tubes and likewise for his early recognition and clear exposition of the fundamental relationship between the total amount of information which may be transmitted over a transmission system of limited band-width and the time required.

Biggio sent an arm guard to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in recognition of his high hit-by-pitch total.

The primary reason for inaccurate victory claims is the inherent confusion of three-dimensional, high speed combat between large numbers of aircraft, but competitiveness and the desire for recognition ( not to mention sheer optimistic enthusiasm ) also figure in certain inflated claims, especially when the attainment of a specific total is required for a particular decoration or promotion.

CNI lists its goals as: diplomacy to resolve Middle East issues ; elimination of unaudited aid to foreign nations ; normalized relations between Israel and Middle Eastern states and regional organizations like the Arab League ; U. S. recognition of an independent state of Palestine ; total withdrawal of Israel from all occupied territory Palestinian and Syrian territory ( the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights ); a shared Jerusalem as capital of the two states of Israel and Palestine ; an end to all acts of aggression, provocation, and retaliation by both sides ; a political atmosphere in which neither media, the American electorate or elected officials are afraid to openly discuss issues.

The chief American negotiator, Dr. Henry Kissinger, offered a cease-fire in place, recognition of the PRG by the Saigon government, and total American withdrawal from South Vietnam as incentives.

The time of his total recognition is still in the future.

In classical music, Richard Wagner's operas were a deliberate attempt to create a new kind of Gesamtkunstwerk (" total work of art "), transforming the legends of the Teutonic past nearly out of recognition into a new monument to the Romantic project.

WorldatWork focuses on " total rewards " ( i. e., compensation, benefits, work life, performance, recognition, and career development ), offering several certifications and training programs dealing with remuneration and work-life balance.

A total of two million images comprising seventy terabytes, and its Blackletter type was scanned using optical character recognition at a total cost of 600, 000 € ( or 0. 30 € per image ).

At this time the largest issues he dealt with during his tenure in that ministry were the campaign to liberate Soviet Jews confined to the USSR, and the controversy over the Beta Israel, a group from Ethiopia that had still not received total recognition as Jews at that time.

William Barrett emphasizes that the despair and disgust in Nausea contrast with the total despair of Céline ( who is quoted on the flyleaf of the French edition ) that leads to nothing ; rather, they are a necessary personal recognition that eventuate in " a release from disgust into heroism.

* 1936: Park Row was reconfigured to two tracks total ( the two southern main shed tracks ) in recognition of its declining use and to simplify operations

From 1331 the feudal lords of Achaia began to recognise the rights of James, and in 1333 the recognition was total, though the heirs of Philip I of Taranto continued to press their claim.

From there he waged an intermittent civil war against his grandfather, which first secured him recognition of his post as co-emperor, and ultimately led to the deposition of Andronikos II in 1328.

* 1921-Gibraltar was granted a City Council status in recognition for its contribution to the British war efforts in World War I.

To prevent civil war the Scottish magnates asked Edward I of England to arbitrate, for which he extracted legal recognition that the realm of Scotland was held as a feudal dependency to the throne of England before choosing John Balliol, the man with the strongest claim, who became king in 1292.

In September 1941, Stalin told British diplomats that he wanted two agreements: ( 1 ) a mutual assistance / aid pact and ( 2 ) a recognition that, after the war, the Soviet Union would gain the territories in countries that it had taken pursuant to its division of Eastern Europe with Hitler in the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact.

Once in Confederate hands, Lincoln would be exchanged for the release of Confederate Army prisoners of war held captive in Northern prisons and, Booth reasoned, bring the war to an end by emboldening opposition to the war in the North or forcing Union recognition of the Confederate government.

Alan Turing had been awarded an OBE six months earlier and Newman felt that it was inadequate recognition of Turing's contribution to winning the war, referring to it as the " ludicrous treatment of Turing ".

This award was for recognition of the American cartoon as an instrument in war, peace, education and in the artistic betterment of our cultural environment.

He also ended the war with Braccio da Montone in exchange for his recognition as vicar and reconciled with the deposed John XXIII, to whom he gave the title of Cardinal of Tusculum.

President Chávez also asked the Colombian government and their allies to recognize the FARC as a belligerent force, arguing that such political recognition would oblige the FARC to forgo kidnapping and terrorism as methods of civil war and to abide by the Geneva Convention.

In several cases the Federation actually intervened in the war between the Maquis and the Cardassians, aiding the latter in recognition of the peace treaty.

Since the fall of the Barre regime in 1991 and the breakout of the Somali civil war, the foreign policy of the various entities in Somalia centered on gaining international recognition, winning international support for national reconciliation, and obtaining international economic assistance.

It promotes the abolition of war among states as well as increased individual liberty within states, and holds the expansion of global markets and cross-border cooperation diminishes the significance of territorial integrity, allowing for somewhat greater recognition of greater self-determination of peoples.

It was a recognition that the whole economy would have to be geared for war if the Allies were to prevail on the Western Front.

Barton then achieved widespread recognition by delivering lectures around the country about her war experiences.

That same year the Treaty of Vervins ended the war with Spain, adjusted the Spanish-French border, and resulted in a belated recognition by Spain of Henry as king of France.

* 1779-Spain enters the war as an ally of France ( but not of America ); John Jay appointed minister to Spain ; he obtains money but not recognition

The books of the 30s did not receive the same recognition as modernist works after the war.

Rolf Jacobsen achieved recognition as a poet of modernistic style after the war.

His war decorations from other nations, including the War Crosses of Norway, France, Greece and the Netherlands, the US Legion of Merit and the French Médaille Militaire, are testament to the international recognition of his contribution to the war against Hitler.

India extended recognition to Bangladesh prior to the end of the war in 1971 ( the second country to do so after Bhutan ) and subsequently lobbied others to follow suit.

The war led to Israel taking Sadat seriously and engaging in negotiations which resulted in the return of captured Egyptian territories and the recognition of Israel by Egypt.