Although this is a failure of the recommender system, non-electronic recommenders also have great problems in these cases, so black sheep is an acceptable failure.

One of the most famous examples of Collaborative Filtering is item-to-item collaborative filtering ( people who buy x also buy y ), an algorithm popularized by Amazon. com's recommender system.

As previously detailed, Pandora Radio is a popular example of a content-based recommender system that plays music with similar characteristics to that of a song provided by the user as an initial seed.

One example of a mobile recommender system is one that offers potentially profitable driving routes for taxi drivers in a city.

From 2006 to 2009, Netflix sponsored a competition, offering a grand prize of $ 1, 000, 000 to the team that could take an offered dataset of over 100 million movie ratings and return recommendations that were 10 % more accurate than those offered by the company's existing recommender system.

In addition to these direct use cases, data retrieved from mind maps can be used to enhance several other applications, for instance expert search systems, search engines and search and tag query recommender.

Several recommender systems for music already exist, but surprisingly few are based upon MIR techniques, instead making use of similarity between users or laborious data compilation.

Interestingly enough, recommender systems are often implemented using search engines indexing non-traditional data.

This is a particularly difficult area of research as mobile data is more complex than recommender systems often have to deal with ( it is heterogeneous, noisy, requires spatial and temporal auto-correlation, and has validation and generality problems ).

Montaner provides the first overview of recommender systems, from an intelligent agents perspective.

Additionally, mobile recommender systems suffer from a transplantation problem-recommendations may not apply in all regions ( for instance, it would be unwise to recommend a recipe in an area where all of the ingredients may not be available ).

A new generation of tools to support collaborative intelligence is poised to evolve from crowdsourcing platforms, recommender systems, and evolutionary computation.

Herlocker provides an additional overview of evaluation techniques for recommender systems.

Hybrid approaches can be implemented in several ways: by making content-based and collaborative-based predictions separately and then combining them ; by adding content-based capabilities to a collaborative-based approach ( and vice versa ); or by unifying the approaches into one model ( see for a complete review of recommender systems ).

* Cross-System Collaborative Filtering where user profiles across multiple recommender systems are combined in a privacy preserving manner.

Collaborative filtering ( CF ) is a technique used by some recommender systems.

In practice, many commercial recommender systems are based on large datasets.

Most recommender systems are unable to discover this latent association and thus treat these products differently.

* Toward the next generation of recommender systems: a survey of the state-of-the-art and possible extensions.

* Evaluating collaborative filtering recommender systems ( DOI: 10. 1145 / 963770. 963772 )

The differences between collaborative and content-based filtering can be demonstrated by comparing two popular music recommender systems-Last. fm and Pandora Radio.

Adomavicius provides a new overview of recommender systems.

One approach to the design of recommender systems that has seen wide use is collaborative filtering.

Another common approach when designing recommender systems is content-based filtering.

There are also a large number of content-based recommender systems aimed at providing movie recommendations, a few such examples include Rotten Tomatoes, Internet Movie Database, Jinni, Rovi Corporation and See This Next.

These methods can also be used to overcome some of the common problems in recommender systems such as cold start and the sparsity problem.

Hundreds of algorithms have been used in the design of recommender systems.

This rate compares to 24. 8 per million in Austria, where families are rarely asked to donate organs, and 22. 2 per million in France, which — like Spain — has a presumed-consent system.

The Commonwealth Fund, in its annual survey, " Mirror, Mirror on the Wall ", compares the performance of the health systems in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada and the U. S. Its 2007 study found that, although the U. S. system is the most expensive, it consistently underperforms compared to the other countries.

The word archipelago compares the system of labor camps spread across the Soviet Union with a vast " chain of islands ", known only to those who were fated to visit them.

Most of this work is contained in his Torah commentary, where he analyses and compares the shorashim ( three-letter root forms ) of a large number of Hebrew words and develops an etymological system of the Hebrew language.

However, Qing-jao compares Jane to the servants in Path's caste system, merely a computer program designed to serve humans, containing neither autonomy nor awareness.

Equivalently, it compares the frequency at which a system oscillates to the rate at which it dissipates its energy.

The book South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today includes an essay in which East Carolina University philosophy professor Henry Jacoby compares Stan's actions and reasoning within the show to the philosophical teachings of William Kingdon Clifford, and another essay by Southern Illinois University philosophy professor John S. Gray which references Stan's decision to not vote for either candidate for a school mascot in the season eight ( 2004 ) episode " Douche and Turd " when describing political philosophy and the claimed pitfalls of a two-party system.

Software-based compound document comparison compares the entire document granularly, including the native format, in addition to embedded objects like spreadsheets and images, and creates a third document highlighting modifications through a coded system.

The equipment uses most closely compares to modern telemark systems, with a stiff plastic boot offering good downhill control, and a binding system that allows it to pivot at the toe for cross-country striding.

TERCOM is the typical system for cruise missile guidance, but is being supplanted by GPS systems and by DSMAC, Digital Scene-Matching Area Correlator, which employs a camera to view an area of land, digitizes the view, and compares it to stored scenes in an onboard computer to guide the missile to its target.

He compares assigning weights in this deterministic sense to " the currently orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics ", following von Neumann in understanding a quantum mechanical system as in a superposition or probability mixture of states, which changes continuously in accordance with quantum mechanical equations of motion and discontinuously via measurement or observation that " collapses the wave packet " from a superposition to a particular state.

Ann Hutchinson-Guest's book Choreographics ( 1989 ), compares thirteen historical and present-day dance notation systems ( with visual examples ) and through ' one to one ' comparisons illustrates the advantages, and disadvantages of each system.

The Commonwealth Fund, in its annual survey, " Mirror, Mirror on the Wall ", compares the performance of the health care systems in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada and the U. S. Its 2007 study found that, although the U. S. system is the most expensive, it consistently under-performs compared to the other countries.

One of the main controversies in understanding loss aversion is whether the process is driven by a single neural system that directly compares options and decides between them or whether there are competing systems, one responsible for a reasoned comparison among options and another more impulsive and emotional system driven by an aversion to potentially negative outcomes.

He compares " the chance of obtaining even a single functioning protein by chance combination of amino acids to a star system full of blind men solving Rubik's Cube simultaneously ".

The system compares the face of the individual with the image in the e-passport microchip, certifying that the holder of the passport is the rightful owner.

He characterizes democracy as " publicly owned government ," which he compares to monarchy —" privately owned government "— to conclude that the latter is preferable ; however, Hoppe aims to show that both monarchy and democracy are deficient systems compared to his preferred structure to advance civilization — what he calls the natural order, a system free of both taxation and coercive monopoly in which jurisdictions freely compete for adherents.

A 2009 Congressional Budget Office report on the VHA found that " the care provided to VHA patients compares favorably with that provided to non-VHA patients in terms of compliance with widely recognized clinical guidelines — particularly those that VHA has emphasized in its internal performance measurement system.

This article describes and compares some of the different transcription systems of the Nahuatl phonological system that have been used.

Economies evolve in stages as humanity devises new technologies, stages that LaRouche compares to the hierarchical spheres in Kepler's model of the solar system based on the Platonic solids.

The movie compares the for-profit, non-universal U. S. system with the non-profit universal health care systems of Canada, the United Kingdom, France and Cuba.

The ROM firmware based system boots instantly, which compares very favourably to disk-based computers.

In which country of the modern world do we find the educational system which compares so favourably with the English college?